輔仁大學英國語文學系

Veritas Vitae, Vita Veritatis: Presentations of Life and Truth in J.H. Newman's Apologia pro vita sua 生命的真理與真理的生命：紐曼自傳中生命與真理之探討

學年 / 88　學生 / Christophe Lung-lin Wu 吳龍麟　指導教授 / Fr. Daniel Bauer 鮑端磊老師　

Newman''a Apologia pro vita sua is a rare phenomenon in English literature. It is one of the first literary works which deals explicitly the controversy between the Catholic and the Anglican Church. Newman was an acclaimed theologian, philosopher, historian and an essayist. In the Apologia, Newman is able to blend all his talents to produce a remarkably brillaint autobiography which defines the meaning of existence, and presents his quest for Truth. He uses the ethical argument in classical rhetoric to present his true self, a coherent moral integrity. He adopts a broad historical view to define the meaning of human''s existence and the possiblity of understanding life''s mysteries. Finally he admits that only when a man humbly accepts the ultimate authority can he really encoutner Truth in his life.

紐曼是十九世紀最重要的宗教人物，哲學家，歷史學者，同時也是罕見的散文家。他最著名的文學作品就是他的自傳Apologia pro vita sua.在這部作品中紐曼呈現出他對生命及真理的重視。這本論文目的在討論紐曼如何以自傳的手法表達生命中的真理以及真實的生命。
在維多利亞時期的英國，天主教飽受幾個世紀以來的迫害與歧視。因此，紐曼的皈依震驚了十九世紀的英國社會。在他的自傳當中，紐曼運用了不同的手法呈現出真理與謊言的對立。首先，他用古典修辭學的道德論證來闡明他的皈依過程並不是虛假的。同時，他也未曾濫用個人權力去破壞英國國教的制度及信仰。紐曼也間接地用諷刺的手法回應誤解真理者對他的控訴。
紐曼也以宏觀的歷史角度來看待存在的真義。他以雙重的時間標準來詮釋人生命的終極意義；並進一步以新柏拉圖主義的觀點融合在其文學手法中：象徵，譬喻，以及暗示來傳達真理是以漸進的方法在生命中顯示。
最後，紐曼在改寫其自傳的過程中逐漸領悟他的動機為何。他深切的體驗到個人在終極權威面前的渺小與無能，因而謙虛的承認唯有服從此一權威，真理與生命才能相遇。

Power and Powerlessness of the Author in Kurt Vonnegut's Slaughterhouse-Five and Breakfast of Champions 「五號屠宰場」與「冠軍早餐」中作者之權力與無力

學年 / 88　學生 / Sarah Hu Chen Chi 胡禎琪　指導教授 / Dr. Kate Chi-wen Liu 劉紀雯老師　

The thesis is an examination of Kurt Vonnegut's use of authorial power and its relationship with his thematic concerns in Slaughterhouse-Five and Breakfast of Champions. The author is presented as a powerless one as Vonnegut abandons some of the realist and modernist authorial controls over the text. He challenges the omniscient and omnipotent power of the author by presenting a belittled writer figure, exposing the writing process, and renouncing his control over language, plot and structure. However, all these apparently negative strategies help Vonnegut successfully present the absurd and paradoxical nature of his subject matters in both novels. Consequently, the author is actually a powerful one since the seemingly powerless aspects are Vonnegut's strategic arrangements in presenting his unusual themes without falling into the inadequacy of the writing modes of realist and modernist traditions. Historically, Vonnegut's writing strategies respond actively to the metafictional writers and the spirits of black humor.
The first chapter defines the paradoxical ideas of the authorial power/powerless. The following two chapters discuss separately about how the powerless author strategies empower the author in Slaughterhouse-Five and Breakfast of Champions. In both novels, Vonnegut connects his main issues with the subject of writing, which reinforces the presentation of his concerns and the conveying of his messages. In Slaughterhouse-Five, the incomprehensibility and absurdity of war and death echo to the revelation of the failure and frustration of the author in writing, while in Breakfast of Champions, the author's inability actually help reflect the social, cultural problems in American society and the those of human existence.

本論文旨在探討馮內果如何利用寫作略中，作者對小說的權力/無力來表達「五號屠宰場」和「冠軍早餐」兩書的主題思想。也就是說，作者的無力正是馮內果所賦予作者的權力。
馮內果透過對寫實和現代主義的傳統中，作者全知全能的懷疑和放棄，打破完整敘述方法，自暴寫作過程並坦承身為作者的困境和挫折，矮化作者角色，放棄傳統作者對語言的控制。以上種種後設小寫作策略雖使作者相對於傳統作者而言，顯得無權無力，但也幫助馮內果避免受限於寫實傳統的不適用和不足之處。更重要的是，馮內果藉此以型式和內容相互呼應的模式，傳達人生荒謬無常，個人自由意志的受限，死亡如影隨形等訊息。也因此，馮內果荒誕不羈的寫作風格，正是他以黑色幽默的態度來面對人生的最好證明，並非消極頹廢，不在乎世事的虛無主義者。再者，兩書的寫作策略雖是以後設小說為主，但馮內果所關懷的主題不外乎社會的問題，人類的歷史和生存，並非永無止境的虛構故事，或僅以敘述來探討寫作本身的問題。
在「五號屠宰場」中，作者緊密結合戰爭與死亡並呼應寫作一主題，藉由敘述者的自白中，揭露作者寫作過程的困境與個人能力的限度等後設小寫作策略，以及採用黑色幽默的寫作風格來呈現戰爭死亡之間的關係。馮內果將此三主題複雜，難以用言詞形容的特質緊密結合，也因此轉化作者之無力成為另一種作者之權力。
同樣的，在「冠軍早餐」中，作者放棄傳統敘述中對文字、情節和結構的控制來表達對美國文化社會的批判，以及作者身受其中卻欲表達反抗的困境，進而闡述人類生存並非完全由個人的自由意志所能控制，而是此意志與外在內在無法控制的複雜因素和力量所共同造成。身為作者，必須自覺身處的環境，了解人類存在的本質，才能避免陷入人云亦云的思想窠臼中。

Frustration Comes Full Circle: The Structure of Unattainable Love and Excessive Drinking in The Sun Also Rises 挫折周而復始：《旭日又升》中真愛難尋與縱飲之結構分析

學年 / 88　學生 / Katie Hsiu-mei Lin 林秀美　指導教授 / Bro. Nicholas Koss 康士林老師　

This thesis on The Sun Also Rises studies the involvement of love, alcohol, and narrative ending using the methodology of structural analysis. Such an approach attempts to figure out how the structure of each Book and chapter of this novel is built around the concepts of frustrated love and excessive drinking. The major concern is to reveal the narrative patterns beneath the seeming capriciously constructed novel.
The discussion is divided into three chapters. Chapter One analyzes how the disillusion of romantic love constructs the major predicament of the novel: Jake's impotence vs. Brett's promiscuity. Chapter Two deals with how the prevalence of drinking is used to reinforce that predicament and with how drinking also serves as one important structural element of the novel. Taking romantic love and excessive drinking into account, Chapter Three examines the beginning and conclusion of each Book and chapter of the text to show how the open-ended closure is anticipated. The thesis writer hopes by this study of the structure of The Sun Also Rises to provide a way to reconsider the apparent state of irresolution of the characters at the end.

本論文由結構分析的觀點連結愛，酒與敘述結局的關聯性。此研究方法旨在理解《旭日又升》中每一卷與每一章的結構皆建立於受挫的愛情事件與縱飲之基礎上。筆者的目的在於探討表面上反覆無常結構的小說中獨特古怪的安排。
本論文共分三章。首章分析幻滅愛情如何構成書中最主要的困境—傑克的性無能如何面對布蕾特的性雜交。第二章討論縱飲不僅加強角色不可自拔的處境，且也是書中重要的基本結構之一。將愛情與縱飲納入考慮，第三章檢視每一卷與每一章的開頭和結尾，並說明本書的開放式結局早有脈絡可尋。筆者希望能提供某一角度來分析《旭日又升》的結構，並由此再斟酌書中角色最終無解的相互關係。

The Precarious Position of Women in Daniel Defoe's Moll Flanders and Roxana 丹尼爾‧狄福《茉兒‧佛蘭德思》與《蘿克珊娜》中女性角色所面臨的危機

學年 / 88　學生 / Daisy Tsai-Ching Yeh 葉采青　指導教授 / Fr. Daniel Bauer 鮑端磊老師　

This thesis focuses on the seduction scenes in Daniel Defoe's heroine-centered novels, Moll Flanders and Roxana, and its major approach is to study how the female protagonists Moll and Roxana improve or degenerate themselves under emotional weakness and temptations of flattery and material sustenance. The main concern is to analyze how the women deal with their precarious positions, and at last become adventurous ladies.
The content is divided into three main chapters, and the topic-seduction-is examined in respect to three aspects: psychological comfort, financial security, and physical pleasure. Through the analysis and comparative study of the female characters and seduction scenes, the similarities and dissimilarities of Moll and Roxana's inclinations will be completely revealed. The thesis writer hopes to offer deeper interpretations of two instructive characters as well as some other interesting episodes in the fiction of Daniel Defoe.

本論文以丹尼爾?狄福所著之《茉兒?佛蘭德斯》與《蘿克珊娜》中的勾引情節為中心，藉以分析探討茉兒和蘿克珊娜在遭遇情感空虛與讒言和金錢物質的誘惑時，是如何處理她們所面臨的危機，並成為野心勃勃的女性。
　　論文內容分為三個主要章節來探討「勾引事件」這個主題，分別為：心理慰藉、經濟保障和肉體歡愉。經由分析和比較，茉兒和蘿克珊娜的人格特質和處理危機的同異處將完整地呈現出來，以深入討論狄福小說中發人深省的女性角色和部份有趣的情節。

Seclusion and Reunion: Experiences of Death in Emily Dickinson's Poetry 隔絕與團聚：艾蜜莉狄金生詩作中的死亡經驗

學年 / 87　學生 / Susan Su-hsien Cheng 鄭素賢　指導教授 / Dr. Raphael J. Schulte 蕭笛雷老師　

This thesis deals with 13 death poems written by nineteenth-century American poet Emily Dickinson. Chapter 1 provides a survey on cultural and religious elements by which Dickinson is influenced. Chapter 2 focuses on poems presenting encounter with death. Chapter 3 provides a discussion about poems dealing with the postmortem world.

本篇論文討論十九世紀美國女詩人艾密麗?狄金生（Emily Dickinson）的詩作中十三首有關死亡的作品。論文的第一章探究女詩人所處十九世紀美國新英格蘭的時代背景與文化思潮﹐以及其家庭宗教信仰背景。第二章則解析艾密麗?狄金生作品中描述死亡一刻的詩作。第三章探討女作家詩作中描述有關死後世界的作品。本論文重點在於強調艾密麗?狄金生詩作的獨創性與恆久性。

Feminine Accomplishment in Jane Austen's Major Fiction 珍‧奧斯汀小說中之女性才華之探討

The Problem of Evil in Some of Joseph Conrad's Fiction 康拉德小說中善惡問題之探討

The Way to Freedom: Individuation and Wholeness in H.D.'s Helen in Egypt 解放之路：H.D. 《海倫在埃及》詩作中的個體化與人神合一

學年 / 87　學生 / Alex Kuo-liang Yuo 游國良　指導教授 / Dr. Raphael J. Schulte 蕭笛雷老師　

Helen in Egypt is one of H.D.'s revisionist mythmaking works.
It is the revision of Homer's story of Helen of Troy, the
beautiful but dangerous woman. Her version of the story is
based on Euripides' Helen as well as Andromache, and Stesichorus'
Pallinode. It states that Helen walking on the wall of Troy is
a phantom, whose image is created by jealous deities for revenge
and the real Helen had been sent to Egypt by Hermes. The work
itself is divided into three parts: "Pallinode," an apology or
defense; "Leuke," the white island; and "Eidolon." Two of them
have seven books, and another six books.
But HE is not just a literary work, but a death song or a
description of life journey. It is a witness of H.D.'s life and
death, and, most important of all, this work is H.D.'s book of
identity, reconciliation, and salvation, presenting Helen's
process of self-discovery and Individuation. In light of Jung's
theory of Individuation and Wholeness, HE follows the stages of
initiation, reconciliation, and individuation and its aim is to
find the way to freedom. Before reaching this realm of ultimate
freedom, Helen and Achilles must die spiritually, then being
initiated by the Goddess of Love and transcending the opposite
between Love and Death through the knowledge of the Kabbalah.
Only by undergoing these stages of self-realization can Helen
and Achilles find their way to salvation or freedom, which is
the only answer and award to their life sufferings.

Female "Intimacy": Sororal Relationships and Feminine Friendship in Jane Austen's Major Fiction 女性之「親」：珍‧奧斯汀小說中之姊妹關係與女性友誼

"Sign Language of a Lost Otherworld": Sylvia Plath's Ekphrastic Creation in Ten Poems on Visual Art 「超越俗世的祕密語言」：席薇亞‧普拉絲十首視覺藝術詩的讀畫式重現

"Your Mother Is in Your Bones!": The Mother-Daughter Relations in Amy Tan's The Joy Luck Club 「母女連心」：譚恩美《喜福會》一書中母女關係的探討

The Taming of Shrews: Language and Subersive Women in the Corpus Christi Cycles 馴悍記：始末劇組中的語言與女性顛覆

A Lesson of Survival in Daniel Defo's Moll Flanders 論狄福之《摩兒‧佛蘭德思》中生存的教訓

The Symbolic Meanings of Light in Emily Dickinson's Poetry: Light as Aesthetic Mood and Perception 艾茉莉‧狄金生詩中光之象徵意義：光做為美學氣氛與觀視

E.M. Forster's Cultural Critique on Cultural Identity, Gender Issue, and Social Class Through Sisterly Relationship in Howards End 福斯特之文化批評：由姊妹關係論《豪華園》中的文化認同、性別與社會階級