When Lilacs Last in the Dooryard Bloom'd
When
Lilacs Last in the Dooryard Bloom'd
Paraphrase-Summary
Theme
Background
Tone and
Convention
Paradox
and Tension
Imagery
and Symbolism
Lilac Symbolism
Star Symbolism
Bird Symbolism
Musicality
¤º®eºKn
(Paraphrase-Summary)
Section 1.
The
speaker remembers the lilacs and the evening star of the night of Lincoln's
death. He feels April will be from now on a cruel month bringing the same
sad association to him, mixing memory and pain of loss.
Section 2. The star,
Lincoln, is setting in the west and the speaker's heart is gripped by
thoughts of doom.
Section 3.
The speaker
sees the lilacs as signs of love and life around him and breaks a sprig,
the image of his broken heart.
Section 4. He hears
the bird in the distance singing a song of death just like the speaker
who composes his elegy.
Section 5. and 6. The
theme of the fallen star is picked up again this time in the form of Lincoln's
funeral train carrying Lincoln's body through each State, each one a star
paying respect to the head star.
Section 7.
The speaker
offers in mind his sprig of lilac not only to Lincoln but to all his fallen
comrades, and to death in general including his own.
Section 8. He remembers
the premonition he received from the evening star one evening a month
ago while walking restlessly in the night. Only after the event can he
understand the meaning of the strange mournful feeling he had then.
Section 9.
The speaker
also understands the meaning of the bird's song which will be interpreted
fully later in the poem after he has exhausted the meaning of the fallen
star.
Section 10.
The speaker
calls upon the east wind and west wind, from both oceans, to come and
mix with the breath of his elegiac song to perfume the grave of Lincoln.
Section 11. and 12.
The speaker begins to express the meaning that he grasps in the bird's
song. Lincoln is dead, but life goes on, the nation goes on living and
growing, life is triumphant.
Section 13. The bird's
message persists while the speaker's thoughts are still overwhelmed by
the painful loss of Lincoln.
Section 14.
The speaker
remembers the cheerful contemplation of life, the life of his land, (which
has been the substance of Whitman's "Song of Myself") and how
suddenly with the death of Lincoln the thought of death and doom fell
like a dark cloud upon him, and will remain with him forever. How then
he looked for an explanation, a consolation, a meaning to doom and pain
of loss that he could accept. The bird song is the counterpart of his
soul which still desires beauty and meaning in everything, especially
death. The bird's carol is a hymn of consent, a
peaceful willing "yes" said to death conceived as a mother.
Each stanza contains a metaphor of motherly love and childlike gratitude.
Death is lovely and soothing; she has sure-enwinding, cool-enfolding arms;
she is gliding near with soft feet; she is a strong deliveress; the body
gratefully nestles close to her.
Section 15. Life, after
the peaceful acceptation of death as deliverance, appears as a struggle,
armies clashing in the night, from which the dead are delivered while
the living go on struggling in pain and feeling of loss.
Section 16. It is the
climax in which the lilacs, the star, and the bird's song echoing the
song of the speaker's soul are inextricably knotted together. The speaker
ceases also his isolated consideration of the star, the doom, the ineluctable
destiny of man; he ceases also his isolated consideration of the lilacs,
the pain of loss of the loved ones. Listening to the bird, the tally of
his soul, the speaker finds that destiny is less tragic if welcomed like
a loving mother; the pain of loss is less sharp if the loved one is seen
as delivered from the pain of living. The star, the lilacs, and the bird
form one single knot of reality in the deep recesses of the speaker's
soul.
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¥DÃD
(Theme)
ÃD¦W¬°
"Memories
of President Lincoln"ªº»µ¸Ö¤@²Õ¦@¦³¥|º¡A³o¬O¨ä¤¤³Ì«nªº¤@º¡CªLªÖÁ`²Î©ó¤½¤¸¤@¤K¤»¤¦~¹J¨ë¨¤`¡C¼Æ¶g«á¡A´f¯S°Ò¼g¦¨¦¹¸Ö¡A«s±¥³o¬°°¶¤Hªº³u¥@¡C
³o¬O¤@º¡u°l¾Ð¡v¸Ö¡C§@ªÌÀRÀRªº¦^¾Ð³o¦ì¥Á±Ú^¶¯ªº¥h¥@¡A¤Þµo¤F¥L¤ßºüªº¿EÀú¡C´f¯S°Ò²¦¥Íºq¹|Æg´³oÓ¤£Â_¦¨ªøªº¥Á¥D°ê®a¡FªLªÖ´N¬O³oÓ¥Á¥D°ê®aªº»â³S¡C¦b´f¯S°Ò¤ß¥Ø¤¤¡AªLªÖ¥¿¬O¥L¥þ³¡§@«~¬¡¥Í¥Íªº¥Nªí¡C§@ªÌÓ¤H¤S¯S§O·q·R³o¦ì°¶¤jªº¤¸º¡A¦]¬°¥L»â¾É¥þ°ê¡A´ç¹L¤º¾Ô³oÓ¤jÃøÃö¡C±qªLªÖ¤§¦º¡A¸Ö¤HÃh©À³\¦h¦Û¤v©Ò·R¼}ªº¤Hª«¤§¦º¡A¥L³Õ·Rªº¯ÝÃÌÁÙ´¶¤Î©ó©Ò¦³ªº¦PM¡C¦P®É¥L¤]·Q¨ì¦Û¤vªº¦º¡C
¦b "Song
of Myself"
ªº²Ä¤»¸`¸Ì¡A§@ªÌªí¹F¤F¦Û¤v¹ï¦º¤`¼ÖÆ[ªº¬Ýªk¡G
The smallest sprout shows
there is really no death,
And if ever there was it led forward life, and does not
wait at the end to arrest it,
And cease'd at the moment life appeared.
All goes onward and outward, nothing collapses,
And to die is different from what anyone supposed,
and luckier.
§@ªÌ»{¬°¦º¤`¬O¥Ã¥Í¥²¸gªº¹Lµ{¡AµM¦Ó³oÓ©â¶Hªº·§©À¡A«o¦]µh¥¢»â³S¡Aµh¥¢¼°¤Í¡A¦A¦]©À¤Î¦Û¨ªº¦º¤`¦Ó¬ðµM¯}·À¡C¥Lªº¤H¥ÍÆ[©M¥L¹ï³o¦ì°¶¤H³u¥@ªº¹ê»ÚÅéÅçµLªk¿Ó©M¤@P¡C«eªÌ¹³¬O´¶·Óªº¶§¥ú¡A«áªÌ«o¹³¤@¤ù¯Q¶³¡AÅ¢¸n¤F¥L¨º¼ÖÆ[ªº·Qªk¡C¸Ö¤¤²Ä¤Q¥|¸`¡A²Ä¤@¡³¤K¨ì¤@¤@¤E¦æ¤§¶¡¡A·¥¥Í°Êªºªí¹F¤F³oºØÅéÅç¡C³o«K¬O³oº¸Öµ¹¤Hªº¥Dn·P¨ü¡A¥i¯à¤]¬O´f¯S°Ò¤@¥Íªº·P¨ü¡C¦¹¥~¡A¸Ö¤H§ó³B¤ß¿n¼{ªº·Qn½Õ©M¥Ù¬Þªº¤ß±¡¡A«ì´_¤ßÆFªº¥ÀR¡A¨Ã«Àò·s¥Íªº¼Ö½ì¡C¦A¥þ¸Öµ²§ô¤§³B¡A¤@¤Á²×©ó¦pÄ@¥HÀv¡C¹çÀR¦w¸Ô§JªA¤F¯ÉÂZ¿EÀú¡C
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I´º
(Background)
ªLªÖ©ó¥|¤ë¤Q¥|¤é³Ä±ß¹J¨ë¡A¥¿È¬K¤Ñµµ¤B»²±¶}ªº®ÉÔ¡A¦Ó±ß¬P²´¬Ý´Nn¦è¨H¤F¡C´£¨ì³o¤£²»ªº¤@¤Ñ¡A´f¯S°Ò»¡¡G¡u§ÚÁÙ°O±o·í®É§Ú¦î¨¬ªº¦a¤è¡A¦¹®É¥¿¦¡¸U¶H§ó·sªº®ÉÔ¡A¦n¦hµµ¤B»²±¶}µÛ¡C¾ÌµÛ¤@®Éŧ¶i¸£¤¤ªº©_·Q¡A³ºµLºÝ¦aµ¹¥~ª«¬V¤W¤F¤@¼h¨Ã«D¥¦ì¥»¨ã¦³ªº¦â±m¡Cªá¨à²±¶}¡AªÚ»¼³»ó¡A§Ú«o±¡¤£¦Û¸T¦aÁp·Q°_¨º¤Ñ©Òµo¥Íªº´d¼@¡C¡v
¦b²Ä¤K¸`¸Ì¡A§@ªÌ»¡¨º±ß¬PÅý¥L¹w·P¨ìªLªÖ¤§¦º¤w¸g¬O¤@Ӥ뤧«eªº¨Æ¤F¡C
O western orb sailing the heaven,
Now I know what you must have meant as a month since
I walk'd,
As I walk'd in silence the transparent shadowy night,
As I saw you had something to tell as you bent to me . . .
¦]¦¹¨C¬Ý¨ìµµ¤B»©M±ß¬P¡A§@ªÌ«K±¡¤£¦Û¸T¦a³s·Q¨ìªLªÖ¤§¦º¡G
Ever-returning Spring, trinity
sure to me you bring,
Lilac blooming perennial and drooping star in the west,
And thought of him I love.
¸Ö¤¤¤H¦î¥ß
"In
the dooryard fronting an old farm-house near the white-washed palings"
where "stands the lilac-bush." (²Ä¤T¸`)¦¹®É¥¿È¶À©ü®É¤À¡G"O
shades of night" (²Ä¤G¸`)¨Ã¥B
In the swamp in secluded recesses,
A shy and hidden bird is warbling a song.
(²Ä¥|¸`)
¨H«ä¤¤ªº¸Ö¤H¦b®x¶é¸Ì¡A±q¤Ñ¤Wªº¬P¬P¡A¦a¤Wªºµµ¤B»¡A©M¤Ñ¤Wªº¸³¾³o¤TºØªF¦èùجݨì¦Û¤v¤ßÆF¤¤©â¶H½ÆÂøªº±¡ºü©¼¦¹¬Û·íªº¦³¦¹Ãþ¤ñ¡C¦b°ê¤g¤WªÅ¦è¨Hªº¬P«K¬O³u¥@ªºªLªÖ¡A¤w¬Gªº¦P¦ñ¡A¤]¬O±N¦ºªº¦Û¤v¡Cµµ¤B»ªí²{¥X¥L¹ïªLªÖ¡A¦P¦ñ¡A¥H¤Î©Ò¦³ªº¦PMªº·q·R¡A¦P®É¤]ªí¹F¥X¥L̪º¦º©Ò¤Ä¤Þ¥Xªº´d¶Ë¡C³¾¬O¤Ñ¦a¤§¶¡ªºÁpôª«¡A¡u©R¹B¡v©M¡u·R¼}»P´dºü¡v(§éÂ_ªºµµ¤B»ªáªK)¨âªÌ¶¡ªº¾ô¼Ù¡At¦³·¾³q½Õ°±ªº³d¥ô¡C
¸Ö¤¤¤H¾ÌµÛ¦Û¤vªº«äºû¡A§â¤TºØ¤£¦P»â°ìªº¦s¦bÁpô°_¨Ó¡A¦¨¤F¸Ö¤¤¤H¿ùºî½ÆÂøªº«ä·Q¡A·PIJ¡A©M±¡ºüªº«ÈÆ[§ë®g¡C
Lilacs and star and bird twined
with the chant of my
soul.
(²Ä¤Q¤»¸`)
³oº¸Ö´`µÛ¤£¦Pªº«ä·Q©M·P±¡¦V«e±À¶i¡A¦³®É¬O¹ïªLªÖªº°l©À¡A¦³®É¬Oµh¥¢ªº·PÃh¡A¦³®É¬O¹ï¤@ªÑ¦º¤`ªº«ä¼{¡F´N¦n¹³¥æÅT¼Ö¤@¼Ë¡Aª÷¬P©Mµµ¤B»¨âÓ¥DÃD¥ý¶}©l©ñÁn»ô»ï¡A¦Ó³¾ªº¥DÃD«hèè§e¥Ü¡A·L·L¥i»D¡C³¾ªº¥DÃDº¥º¥¼W±j¡A²×©ó²T¨S¤Fª÷¬P©Mµµ¤B»ªº¥DÃD¡A¨Ã¥B§â¨âªÌ¦X¨Ö¦¨¬°¤@Ó©M©¶¡C
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»y½Õ»P¶Ç²Î
(Tone and Convention)
When Lilacs³oº¸Ö¬O¥H»µ¸Öªº»y½Õ¼g¦¨ªº¡C»µ¸Ö(elegy)¬O¤@ºØ«s±¥¸Ö¡A¥Î¥H«s±¥¬Y¤@Ó¤Hªº¥h¥@¡A©Î¥Î¥Hªí¹F¹ï¤@¯ë¥Í¦ºªº¬Ýªk¡C¦Ó¤ñ¸û¯S§Oªº¬OWhen
Lilacs¤Þ¥Î¥Ð¶é»µ¸Ö(ÁõÄÝ»µ¸Öªº¤@ºØÃþ«¬)ªº¶Ç²Î¡C³o´N¬O»¡¡A¥»¸Öªº¥DÃD¦b«s±¥¬Y¤@Ó¤Hªº¥h¥@¡A¦Ó¦P®É¤S±j½Õ¬Y¨Ç¥Ð¶é¸Öªº¶Ç²Î¡C¸Ö¤¤Whitman¦Ü¤Ö¨Ï¥Î¤F¤CºØ±`¨£©ó¥Ð¶é»µ¸Öªº¶Ç²Î§Þ¥©¡G(1)«ÅºÙ¸Ö¤¤¤HªºªB¤Í©Î¦Ü¥æ(alter-ego)¤§³u¥@¡A¨Ã¤©¥H°l±¥¡F(2)¥H©Ò¿×¡u·P±¡ªºÂÕ»~¡v(Pathetic
fallacy)¤âªk¡Aªí²{¦ÛµM¬Éªº¦P±¡»P«s¶Ë¡F(3)§âªá©ñ¸m¦b´Ã¬[¤§¤W¡F(4)´¦¥Ü¤@¶µ¼J§Ëªº¨Æ¹ê¡A§Y¸Uª«¦b¬K¤Ñ¸Ì´_µd¡A¦Ó¦ºªÌ«o»P¥@ªøÃã¡F(5)»P§Oªº«s±¥ªÌ¤@°_°Ñ¥[°e¸®ªº¦æ¦C(¸Ö¤¤WhitmanÂǵۥv¹ê¨ÏºØ¶Ç²ÎÅã±o¾ú¾ú¦pø)¡F(6)¹|´¦ºªÌ¡F(7)¦bµÎ©Z©M©M¿Óªº¤è¦¡¤Uµ²§ô¥»¸Ö¡C
Whitman©Ò¬Ù²¤ªº¥Ð¶é¸Ö¶Ç²Î¦³¤G¡C²Ä¤@¡GÁקK¤Þ¥Î§Æþù°¨¯«¸Ü(¦p¡uªL¬uªº¤k¯«¡A§A̦b¦ó¤è¡H¡vµ¥®æ¦¡)¡C²Ä¤G¡GÁקK´£¨ì¸Ö¤¤¤H©Î¦ºªÌªº¨p¨Æ¡A¥H§K¥»¸ÖµLªk·§½×²³¥Íªº¦º¤`(¦pMilton¦b©Ò¼gªº»µ¸Ö¤¤¡A±`ºÙKing¬°
"Lycidas"§Y¥X©ó¬Û¦Pªº°Ê¾÷)¡C¤£¹L¥H¤W¥ô¦ó¤@ºØ¬Ù²¤³£¤£P·l®`¥»¸Öªºµ²ºc©M·N¸q¡C¨ä¬Ù²¤µ´«D¥Ñ©óWhitman¹ï¦¹¶Ç²ÎªºµLª¾¡C¥L¬Ù²¤²Ä¤@ÂI¬O¦]¬°¥L·R¡u²{¥N¡v³Ó©ó¡u¥j¨å¡v¡F¥L¬Ù²¤²Ä¤GÂI¬O¦]¬°¥L¤p¤ßÂÔ·V¡A¤£Ä@©¿µø¤@¯ë¥Í¦º¡A¦Ó¥uÅUªí´Ó¤H¡C
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¤Ï½Õ»P±i¤O
(Paradox
and Tension)
°£¤F¤Wz¥Ð¶é¸Öªº¶Ç²Î¤§¥~¡A¥»¸ÖÁÙÀ³¥Î¤Ï½×(¦ü«D¦Ó¬Oªº¤âªk)©M±i¤Oªº¤âªk¡C¸Ö¤¤¡A«s±¥ªÌ±`±`µo²{¦Û¤v³B©ó¨âºØ¥Ù¬Þ¤§¶¡¡u¤Ï½×¡v¡A¦Ó¦b¥L·Q¸Ñ¨M³o¨Ç¥Ù¬Þ®É¡A¤Sµo²{¦Û¤v¤Ï¦Ó³´¤J¬YºØÀ¸¼@©Êªº½Ä¬ð¤§¤¤¡u±i¤O¡v¡C¦bWhen
Lilacs³oº¸Ö¸Ì¡A³oºØ¤Ï½×»P±i¤Oªºªí²{¡A¤D¬O·½©ó¸Ö¤¤¤H·Q²Î¤@¨ä¤º¤ß½Ä¬ðªº°ò¥»¥ø¹Ï¡C¥L¤@®ÉµLªk§ÑÃhªLªÖ¤§¦º¡A¤@±¤S¤£±o¤£±µ¨ü³oºØÃø§K¤@¦ºªº¨Æ¹ê¡C±q«á±¹ï·N¶H»P¶H¼x¤è±©Ò§@ªº¶i¤@³¡¤ÀªR¡A§ÚÌ¥i¥H¬Ý¥X¡A³oº¸Ö¤£¶È¦b«s±¥ªLªÖÓ¤H¡A§ó¦bªí©ú¡u©ú´¼¦Ó¯«¸tªº¦º¤`¡v("sane
and sacred death" (48))¤§·N¸q¡C¦º¤`¥»¨¨Ã«D¶Â·t¡A¦Ó¬O¤@ºØ¯«¯¦ªº¶Â·t¤§¥ú(the
mysterious black light)¡F¨Ã«Dµ²§ô¡A¦Ó¬O¤@Ó·sªº¶}©l¡F¨Ã«D¯u¥¿¥h¥@¡A¦Ó¬O¤H¥ÍµhWªº¤@ºØ¸Ñ²æ¡CÃö©ó³oÂI¡AWhitmanÁöµMµL·N¥H¶Ç²Î°ò·þ±Ð´_¬¡ªº¬Ýªk¨Ó¤Ï¬M¥LªºÆ[ÂI¡A¦ý¬O¤U±³o¬q¸g¤å«o¬Æ¬°¤ÁÃD¡A¥i¥HÁ`µ²³oºØ¥Í¦º¤§¶¡ªº¤Ï½×²{¶H¡G
§Ú¹ê¹ê¦b¦bªº§i¶D§AÌ¡A¤@²É³Á¤l¤£¸¨¦b¦aùئº¤F¡A¤´Â¬O¤@²É¡FY¬O¦º¤F¡A
´Nµ²¥X³\¦h¤l²É¥X¨Ó¡C
-¬ù¿«ºÖµ²Ä¤Q¤G³¹²Ä¤G¤Q¥|¸`
¸Ö¤¤¤H²`ºEªLªÖ¤§¦º¡A¦ý¥Ñ©ó»â®©»P§J¨î¦Óº¥º¥¯à°÷¸`«s¡C¥Lµo²{¥ÍªÌ¨üW¦Ó¦ºªÌ¦w®§¡F³o¨Æ¹ê¨Ï¥LÀò±o¼¢ÂÇ(
"/ . . . / the / slain soldiers of the war / . . . were fully at rest,
they suffer'd not, / The living remain'd and suffer'd" (179-182))¡C¸Ö¤¤¤H³s³s¥H¦h¤Ö¦ü«D¦Ó¬OªºÅÞ¿è±Ôz¥Lªº¼y©¯»P³ß®®¡F¦ý³o¨Ã«Dªí¥Ü¥L©ñ±ó©Î¿ò§Ñ¤F¥LÓ¤H¹ïªLªÖªº«s¶Ë¡A¦Ó¬O¥L¹ï¤H¥Í¦³¤F·sªº»â®©©M¬Ýªk¡C¦b¥»¸Öµ²§ô®É¡A¥Ñ©ó¸Ö¤¤¤H§ó¶i¤@¨Bªº¤F¸Ñ¦º¤£¶È¬°¸Uª«©Ò¤£¯à§K¡A§ó¬O¤H¥ÍµhWªº¸Ñ²æ¡C¤@¦ý¤F¸Ñ¦ºªº¯u¸q¡A¸Ö¤¤¤H¤]´N¯à°÷®õµM±µ¨ü¡C¦p¦¹¡A¥Lº¥º¥ªº±Ã²æÓ¤H«sµhªºÑèÕÀ¡C¨ä±Ã²æªº¤è¦¡¡A³z¹L¥H¤U¹ï·N¶H»P¶H¼xªº¤ÀªR¥[¥H»¡©ú¡C
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·N¶H»P¶H¼x
(Imagery
and Symbolism)
¸Ö¤¤¤H±qµLªk¦Û¨îªº´d«sÂର®õµM©Ó¨ü¡A¨ä¹Lµ{¤£¬Oª½½uªº¦Ó¬O°j±Ûªº¡A¤£¬O¶¶ºZªº¦Ó¬O¿ðºÃªº¡A¤£¬OÅ޿誺¦Ó¬O·P±¡ªº¡CWhitman¦b¨äÃP´²¦Ó¨ãÅ]¤Oªº¸Ö¦æ¤¤¡A¤£¦bÁ¿¨D¶Ç²Îªºµ²ºc²Î¤@(structural
unity)¡A¦Ó¦b¤ÏÂÐÀ³¥Î¤@®M·N¶H¥H»s³y²Î¤@ªº®ðª^¡C³o®M²§¶HÀô¶µÛ·íI´ºªº¥Dn¤TÓ¶H¼x(ª÷¬P¡Bµµ¤B»¡Bµe¬Ü³¾)¡A¶i¦Ó±j¤Æ¤F¸Ö¤Hªº±¡·P¡C±q§ó²`¤@¼hªº¶H¼x·N¸q¨Ó¬Ý¡A³o¤TÓ¶H¼x»P«Å|¥X²{ªº¨ãÅé·N¶H¡A©¼¦¹¤§¶¡¬Û»²¬Û©Ó¡A¨Ï¥»¸Ö±o¦³¦h±©Êªº¸ÑÄÀ¡C²{¦bÅý§Ų́ӰQ½×¤@¤U¸Ö¤¤ªº¤@¨Ç·N¶H¸s¡C
¥Ñ©óWhen Lilacs¬O¤@º»µ¸Ö¡A¦ÛµM·|À³¥Î¤@¨Çªí¥Ü«s¶Ëªº¦r²´¡A¦p¡G
"droop'd" (2), "mourn'd"
(3)
"tearful" (8), "dirge" (39)杭C
¤Sª½±µ´£¨ìdeath¦³¤Q¤K¦¸¤§¦h¡A¥t»P¨ä¦³¬ÛÃö³sªº¦r²´¦³¡G
"shroud" (29), "corpse"
(31),
"grave" (31), "coffin" (32),
"cities draped in black" (35),
"crape veil'd women" (35),
"mournful" (41), "burial-house" (80),
"ghostly" (130), "battle-corpses" (177),
"white skeletons" (178),
"slain soldiers of the war" (179)杭C
¦b¸Ö¤¤°ß¤@»P "grief"
¬Û¤Ïªº¦r¬O "joy"©Î
"joyously" (¥X²{¤¦¸)¡A¦Ó¥B³£¦ñÀHµÛ
"death"¤@¦r©Î«e©Î«áªº¥X²{
(140, 148, 162, 190)¡C
Whitman¤§©Ò¥H¯à°÷³e¹ý¥L©Ò±j½Õªº¶H¼x¤âªk¡A¤D¬O¦]¬°³oºØ¤T¦ì¤@Åé(trinity)ªº¶H¼x³£¬O¨ú¦Û²{¹êªº¥@¬É¡C¥Lªº¨ãÅé·N¶H¥i¥H¤ÀÃþ¦p¤U¡G
(1) µøı·N¶H(Sight
Images)¡G
°£¤F¤£®É´£¨ìªº
"Lilacs" (¦@¤Q¤@¦¸)¥~¡A³Ì©úÅ㪺µøı·N¶H¤j©èªí¥Ü©ú·tªº¹ï¤ñ¡Cªí¥Ü¥ú©úªº·N¶H¦³¡G
"star" (¦@¥Î¤F¤Q¦¸), "day" (32),
"flambeaus" (37), "torches lit" (38),
"lustrous" (69), "lucid" (82),
"bright" (82), "sun" (83),
"burning" (84), "sparkling" (90),
"light" (91), "shining" (98)杭C
ªí¥Ü¶Â·tªº·N¶H¦³¡G
"shade" (8), "night" (8),
"black murk" (9), "surrounding cloud" (11),
"gray" (28), "shadow" (88),
"eve" (97), "dusk" (101),
"dark" (103), "dim" (206),
¦Ó "night"¤@¦r¦@¥Î¤G¤Q¤T¦¸¤§¦h¡C
(2) ťı·N¶H(Sound
Images)¡G
µe¬Ü³¾¤§ºqªº·N¸q¡A¦Û©l¦Ü²×¤@¦A¥X²{¡G
"sings himself a song" (22), "chant a song" (48),
"I hear you call" (61), "pour your chant" (100),
"voice of uttermost woe" (103),
"O wondrous singer" (105),
"warble your ready song" (123),
"he sang the carol" (128), "glad serenades" (151),
"Loud and strong . . . / With pure deliberate notes spreading filing
the might"
(164-165).
"Victorious song, death's outlet song, yet varying
ever-altering song. / As low and wailing, yet
clear and the notes, rising and falling, flooding
the night, / Sadly sinking and fainting, as
warning and warning, and yet again bursting with
joy, / Covering the earth and filling the spread
of the heaven, / As that powerful psalm in the
night I heard" (188-192).
"wondrous chant" (199). "talling chant" (200),
杭C
(3) IJı·N¶H(Touch
Images)¡G
"hands that hold me"
(10),
"surrounding cloud" (11),
"carrying" (31), "I cover you over" (50),
"I break, I break" (52), "loaded arms I come" (53),
"breeze in the cool transparent" (62),
"sea-winds blown" (73),
"fresh sweet herbage under foot and the pale green leaves" (84),
"just-felt breezes" (94), "gentle soft-born" (95),
"miracle spreading bathing all" (96),
"enveloping man and land" (98),
"O, liquid and free and tender" (104),
"star-enwinding arms of cool-enfolding death" (142),
"gliding near with soft feet" (143),
"Lost in the loving floating ocean of thee" (149),
"Laved in the flood of thy bliss O death" (150),
"body grate fully nestling close to thee" (158),
"freshness moist" (167)杭C
(4) ¨ýı·N¶H(Taste
Images)¡G
"wheat" (29), "grain"
(29),
"apple" (30), "corn" (92),
"coming eve delicious" (97),
"fields of spring crops" (109),
"meals" (105),
©M "sweetest wisest
soul" (204)¡C
(5)
¶åı·N¶H(Smell
Images)¡G
"perfume" (14, 72,
167), "mastering odor" (107),
"fragrant pines" (206)¡C
¥H¤W¬O¹ï·P©x·N¶Hªº¤ÀªR¡C§ÚÌŪ±o®ÉÔ¤£n©¿²¤¤FWhitman¹ê»Ú³B²z¥»¸Öªº®ÉÔ¡A¥Dn¬OÂǵۤTÓ¥Dn¶H¼x(µµ¤B»¡Bª÷¬P¡A©Mµe¬Ü³¾¤§ºq)ªºÆF¬¡¹B¥Î¡C¸Ö¤¤¤£¶È¹ï³o¤TÓ¶H¼x¥[¥Hªí±ªº´y¼g¡A§ó¥H¦¹¬°I´º¡A±N¥DÃD¯M¦«¥X¨Ó¡C³o¥DÃD´N¬O§Æ±æ¤HÃþ¤£n¥Ñ©ó¥LÌ´d¼@©Êªº©R¹B¦Ó¹L¤À®ø·¥ÀZ¼o¡AÀ³¯à±µ¨ü¦º¤`ªº¦ÒÅç¡A¬O¦º¤`¬°¤H¥ÍWÃøªº¬@±ÏªÌ¡C¦b¦¹¥DÃDªº§e²{¹Lµ{¤¤¡Aµµ¤B»¶H¼x¦º¤`©M¦A¥Í¡Aª÷¬P¶H¼x´d¼@©R¹B»P¤H¥Íªºµu¼È¡Fµe¬Ü³¾¤§ºq¶H¼x¦º¤`¬O¤H¥Íªº¸Ñ²æ¡C
³o¤TÓ¶H¼x§â¥DÃD´¶¹M¤Æ¡A¦ÓÀô¶µÛ³o¨Ç¶H¼x¡A¨ã¦³¥¿Å§@¥Îªº·N¶H¸s«h§â¥DÃD¨ãÅé¤Æ(µµ¤B»¡G¥Íªø¡A»®ð¡AÃC¦â¡Fª÷¬P¡G¶Â·t¡A¥ú©ú¡AÁô¥h¡Fµe¬Ü³¾¤§ºq¡G¸Ö¤¤¤H¤§ºq)¡C³oº¸Ö¬O»¡©ú¤å¾Ç¨ã¦³¡u¨ãÅé´¶¹M©Ê¡v(concrete
universal)ªº¨M¦n¹ê¨Ò¡C¥Ñ©ó¨CÓ¶H¼x³£¬O¤@ºØ¹êª«¡A©Ò¥Hµµ¤B»¡Aª÷¬P©Mµe¬Ü³¾¤§¶H¼x³£¨ã¦³¦UºØ·P©x¥i¤Î©M©â¶H«äºû¥i¹FªºÄÝ©Ê¡C¨Æ¹ê¤W¡A¨ä¶H¼x·N¸qªºµo®i¡A¤j³¡¤À±o¦Û¦UºØ¤£¦P·P©xÄÝ©Ê»P©â¶H·§©Àªº·»¦X¡C¦]¦¹¡A·P©xÄݩʪº¤£¦P«h·|¾ÉP¶H¼x·N¸qµo®iªº®t²§¡C¥Ñ¦¹Æ[¤§¡A¾A¤¤ªº¶H¼x³£¬O¸Ö¤H¦b²`«ä¼ô¼{«á¤~¿ï¾Ü¥X¨Óªº¡Cµµ¤B»¨ã¦³ªá¸ªºÃC¦â¡A¤ß«¬ªº¸¤ù¡A¦y¦yªºªá¦·¡A©M¤@ºØ¤£¥i®»ºN¦Ó¤SÄjº©¦U³BªºªâªÚ¡Cª÷¬P¦b¶Â·t¤¤®g¥X¥ú¨~(¦b¤@¯ëªº©]±ß©MÂaÄgªº¶³¤¤³£¤@¼Ë)¡A¦Ó¨ä¿ð½w¦Ó²øÄYªº¹B¦æ«h¦³¨H¸¨»P¥l³êªº·t¥Ü¡Cµe¬Ü³¾¨ã¦³¦Û¨ªºÃC¦â¡A´Ï®§©óªâªÚªºªh¿A¡AÁô¨©ó¶Â·tªº¼Æ¤¤ºq°Û¡C³o¨Ç¶H¼xªºÄÝ©Ê¡A¥]¬A¤F¦UºØ·P©xªº·N¶H¡F³o¨Ç¶H¼x¥[¤W¥¦ÌªºI´º¤Î¨ä©Ò¥Nªíªº©â¶H·N¸q©Òµ¹¤HªºÁp·Q¡A¨Ï³o¨Ç¶H¼xªºÄݩʯà°÷§@¶i¤@¨Bªºµo®i¡C
¥¿¦]¬°³o¤TÓ¶H¼x³£»P¶g¦Ó´_©lªº¬K¤Ñ¦³±K¤ÁªºÃö«Y¡A©Ò¥H¥¦Ì¤£¦ý·|´£¿ô¸Ö¤¤¤H¡A¥s¥L¥Ã»·°O±o¥L©Ò·q·Rªº¤H¡A§ó¨Ï¥Lªº°O¾Ð¦â±mÂA©ú¡C¨Æ¹ê¤W¡A¥»¸Ö¬O¥HªLªÖ¨ä¨Æ¬°¥D¡A¦Ó«D¥HªLªÖ¨ä¤H¬°¥D(¥Lªº¦W¦r¨Ã¥¼¦b¸Ö¤¤©ú½Tªº¹D¥X)¡C¦b¸Ö¤¤¡A¥Ñ©óWhitman¹ï¶H¼xªº¥©§®¹B¥Î¤w¸g¶W¶V¤F¯S«ü¬Y¨Æªº¨î¡A©Ò¥H·íWhitman´î§CÓ¤H«s¶Ë®É¡A¥L¦P®ÉÄÄ©ú¤F³oÓ´d¼@ªº§t·N¤w¸g¶W¶V¤F°ê¬É¡C¸Ö¤¤ªº¶H¼x¬Û¤¬«Å|¡A¤£¥i¤ÀÂ÷¡A¦ý«o²M´·¥i¿ë¡C¬°¤F«K©ó¤ÀªR¡A§ÚÌ¥i¥H³v¤@°Q½×¨ä°ª«×ªº½ÆÂø©Ê¡C·íµM¡A§Ṳ́]¤£n§Ñ¤F¦pWhitman©Ò»¡ªº¡G¡uµµ¤B»¡A¬P¬P©M³¾»P§Úªº¤ßÆF¤§ºq¥æ´Ãø¤À¡v("Lilacs
and star and bird [are] twined with the chant of my soul" (205)¡C)
TOP
µµ¤B»ªº¶H¼x
(Lilac
Symbolism)
µµ¤B»¶H¼x¹ï¤@¦ì°¶¤H¥Ã«í¤£Åܪº·R(enduring
love)¡C¡u¥Ã«í¤£ÅÜ¡v¬O«üµµ¤B»¤£Â_ªºÁc´Þ»P¦A¥Íªº¯à¤O¡Cµµ¤B»ªº«ù¤[Ác´Þ¤O¡A¨ä¶H¼xªº·N¸q¸g©P¾D·N¶H¸s¤§Å¨¦«§ó¨£²`¨è¡CÄ´¦p¡G
"blooming perennial"
(5), "tall growing" (13),
"many a pointed blossom rising delicate" (14),
"heart-shaped leaves of rich green" (16),
"endless grass" (28), "growing spring" (81),
"fresh sweet herbage"
©M "trees
prolific" (84),
"far-spreading prairies cover'd with grass and corn" (92),
"lilac blooming, returning with spring" (194)¡C
¦P®É "enduring"
¤@¦r¦b¶H¼x·N¸q¤¤ÁÙ±a¦³¿Ø¨ëªº·N¨ý¡F¤]´N¬O»¡¡Aµµ¤B»ªº¥Í©R¤O»P¥Íªø¤O¡A¨ä©ô²±ªº±¡§Î»PªLªÖ¤§¦º§Î¦¨¤@ºØ¥i¯ºªº¹ï¤ñ¡C
¥t¤@¤è±¡Aµµ¤B»¤]¶H¼xªLªÖ¬O¤@¦ì¨ü¤H·q·Rªº¤H¡C¦b¥Ð¶é±ß¸Ö¤¤¡Aªá»P·R¸g±`¬ÛÃD¨Ã½×¡C¦b¥»¸Ö¤¤¡A¡u¤ß«¬ªº¸¤ù¡v("heart-shaped
leaves")´¿´£¨ì¤T¦¸(13,
16 193)¡F¦b "the perfume
strong love" (14) ³o¦æ¤¤¡A·í
"perfume"³oÓ¦rÁÙ¨S»P "leaves"
³s¦b¤@°_¤§«e¡A´N¦b "what shall my
perfume be for the grave of him I love" (73) ©M "I'll
perfume the grave of him I love" (77) ¨â³B¥X²{¡C±µµÛ¸Ö¤¤¤H¬°ª÷¬P»Pµµ¤B»ªº "mastering
odor" ©Ò½]©µ¦Ó¥¼¯à§Y¨è±µ¨üµe¬Ü³¾ªºÄm°Û¡C¤@ª½µ¥¨ì¥L»P "the
knowledge of death" ©M
"the thought of death" ¤TªÌ¥æµ²¦¨¦ñ®É¡A¸Ö¤¤¤H¤~¯à²âÅ¥µe¬Ü³¾¤§ºq¡A»â®©¨ä¤¤ªº¯u¸q¦Ó©ZµM©Ó¨ü¦º¤`ªº¥´À»¡C¨Æ¹ê¤W³o¤TÓ¶H¼x³£»P¡u·R¡v¦³±K¤ÁªºÃö«Y¡Fµe¬Ü³¾¤§ºqªí¥Ü¹ï¦ºªÌ´d±¤§·R¡Fª÷¬P´N¬OVenus¡A¦ÓVenus¬O·Rªº¤k¯«¡Fµµ¤B»¨ã¦³¤ß«¬ªº¸¤ù¡A§ó´²¥X¤@ªÑ·RªºÄÉ»¡C
¤Q¤G¦æ¨ì¤Q¤C¦æ¶¡¡A¼sªx¦Ó¥Í°Êªº´yzµµ¤B»ªºÁc²±¡A¨ä¥Î·N¦b¨è¹º³Ì«á¤@¦æ²³æ¦³¤Oªº°Ê§@¡G"A
sprig with its flower I break"¡C³o¤p¤pªºÁ|°Ê¨Ï¥»¸Öªº¤¤¤ß«ä·Q±o¥Hµo®i¤U¥h¡C¥Ñ©ó³oÁ|°Ê¡A¸Ö¤¤¤Hº¥º¥¯à°÷®õµMªº©Ó¨ü¥Lªº·P±¡¤Wªº´d«s¡C¦]¬°µµ¤B»¬O¥Í©R¡A¦¨ªø©M·Rªº¶H¼x(¨äÄÉ»«üªº¬Oºë¯«¤è±ªº·R)¡A©Ò¥H§éªKªº°Ê§@¤@±ªí¥ÜªLªÖªº¥Í©R¾î¾DºIÂ_¡A¤@¤è±¶H¼x¸Ö¤¤¤H´d±¤§·Rªº¶}ºÝ¡C³oºØ·N¸q¥i¥Î¤U±ªº¸Ö¦æÁ`µ²¡G
Here, coffin that slowly
passes,
I give you my sprig of lilac. (44-45)
¦bÆF¬^¤W©ñ¸m³oºØ¦â±m²L²H®ð¨ýªâªÚªºªá¦·¡A¤£¶È¬O¤@ºØ²`±¡ªº¼Ð»x¡A§ó¬O¤@ºØ§â¥Í©R©^Ämµ¹¦ºªÌªº¶H¼x¡C¤]´N¬O»¡¡A¸Ö¤¤¤H´Á±æ¦b¦ÛµM¬É¤§¤¤¡A¤Hªº¥Í©R¤]¯à¥Í¥Í¤£®§¡AÁöµM¦b¦¹¡AWhitmanªºÆ[ÂI¨Ã¤£¤@©w·t¥ÜµÛ°ò·þ±Ð¹ï¦º¤`ªº¶Ç²Î¬Ýªk¡C±q¥|¤Q¤»¦æ¨ì¤¤Q¥|¦æ¡A¦b´n¬A©Êªº±Ôz¤¤¡A³oºØ°Ê§@ªº¶H¼x·N¸q§ó¬°¥[±j¡G¸Ö¤¤¤H»¡¡A¥L¬°©Ò¦³¦ºªÌ±a¨Ó¤Fº¡ÃhªºÂAªá¡C¤£ºÞ³o¨Ç¬Oª´ºÀ¡A¦Ê¦X¡A©Îµµ¤B»¡A¥Lµ¹¤©¦ºªÌ³oºØ
"ever-returning spring" ªºªí¼x¡C¬Ý¨ì¤Fªáªº¥Í©R¥Ã¥Í¤£®§¡A¦Ó¤H«o¦³¨ä¤j¡A¸Ö¤¤¤H¹ï¦ºªº·P¶Ë¤]´N¯q§Î¼W±j¡C
TOP
¬P¬Pªº¶H¼x
(Star Symbolism)
¦b¥»¸Ö¤¤¡A§ÚÌ«Ü®e©ö§âª÷¬P©MªLªÖÁp·Q¦b¤@°_¡C¸Ö¤¤Whitmanª½±µ¥Î
"great" (2, 9), "lustrous" (69, 97, 201)©M
"powerful" (7)¨Ó§Î®e³o¤Þ¾É¤§¥ú¡C¦b¡u¦è¤Ñ¡v("western
sky" (2, 7))¤§¬P¤]·t¥Ü¤FªLªÖ¥X¥Í©M¦w¸®ªº¦a¤è¡CHardin
County, Kentucky¡C¥¿¦pµµ¤B»¶H¼xµÛ¥Í¥Í¤£®§¡Aª÷¬P¤]¶g¦Ó´_©lªºÁô¨S¦ó¦Aª@¡C¦P®É¦p«e±©Ò»¡ªº¡A³o¶À©ü¥X²{ªºª÷¬P¤]¬O·R¯«Venusªº¶H¼x¡C¦b¥j¥Nªº¯«¸Ü¤¤¡AVenus¬OAdonisªº·R¤H¡A¥Nªí·R±¡»P¥Í©RÁclªºªk«h¡A¥H¤Î¦ÛµM¬É¦b¬K¤Ñ´_µdªº²{¶H¡C
¥t¤@¤è±¡Aª÷¬Pªº¶H¼x·N¸q¨£©ó
"drooping"
(5, 201), "sad" (64),
©M
"fallen"
(6)µ¥×¹¢»yµü¤¤¡C¥¦¥Nªí¦º¤`¨Ã¨ãÅéªí²{¸Ö¤H¥»¨¹ïªLªÖ¤§¦ºªº«s¶Ë¡C¨Æ¹ê¤W¡A¦¹¬Pªº¨H¸¨§Y¬OªLªÖ¥h¥@ªº¼x¥ü¡C¦b³o¨à¡Aª÷¬P±a¦³¼J¿Øªº·N¨ý¡C³oÁû¶À©ü¬P(¦b©]¶¡¥X²{ªº²Ä¤@Áû¬P¬P)³º¬°¥|©Pªº¯Q¶³(
"black murk" (9), "surrounding cloud" (11))©Ò¾B½ª¡A¦Ó³oÀô¶¦b¥|©Pªº¯Q¶³²×¨Ï³o¤@¬PÅé¦r¥@¬É¤¤®ø¥¢¡C
³oÁû¥ú¨~¤w¥¢ªº±ß¬P¡A¦P®É¤]¶H¼x³Q¨ëªºªLªÖ(§Y¨ÏªLªÖ¥XÂlªº¦æ¦C¡A¤]³Q§Î®e¦¨¤@¤ù¯Q¶³)©MWhitmanªº´d¶Ë(´N¬O¨H¨Sªºª÷¬P©Ò¯d¤Uªº¦º¤`©M¥¢¸¨·P)¡C¦p¸Ö¤¤©Ò»¡ªº¡G
"The star my departing comrade holds and detains me" (70),
µM¦Ó³oºØ½]©µ¥u¬Oµu¼Èªº¡F·í¸Ö¤¤¤H¤@»â®©µe¬Ü³¾ºqÁnªººë¸q¡Aª÷¬P´NµLªkÅù¯d¥L¤F¡C©Ò¥H¥L»¡¡G"you
only I hear-yet the star holds me, (but will soon depart)" (106)¡C
TOP
µµ¤B»ªº¶H¼x
(Lilac
Symbolism)³¾ªº¶H¼x
(Bird Symbolism)
µµ¤B»©Mª÷¬P½]©µµÛWhitman¡A¨Ï¥L«s±¥ªLªÖ¤£¤w¡C¦¹®É¡Aµe¬Ü³¾«o°Û¥X§t·N²`»·ªººqÁn¡G¦pªGWhitman¯à°÷±µ¨ü¡u¦º¤`¡v¡A¥L´N¯àÄÀµM©óÃh¡C³¾Án¨Ï¥L»â®©¨ì¦º¤`¤D¦t©z¶¡¥²µMªº²{¶H¡A¦P®ÉÁÙ¦³¸Ñ°£¤H¥ÍµhWªº§®¥Î¡C²¦Ó¨¥¤§¡A³o°¦Áô©~ªºµe¬Ü³¾¤D¬O¤Æ¸ÑWhitman»Pµµ¤B»¡Aª÷¬PÂù¤è¹ï«Ï²{¶Hªº¶H¼x¡C
³o°¦³¾¥ý¬O¦b²Ä¤Q¤K¦æ¥H¤U¼Æ¦æ¥X²{¡CÁöµM§é¤@ªKµµ¤B»¥i¥H¸Ñ°£¸Ö¤H³¡¥÷ªº«s¶Ë¡A¥i¬O¥u¦³µ¥¨ì¥L»Pµe¬Ü³¾¿Ä¦Ó¬°¤@®É¡A¥L¤~¯à²b°£¥L¤ß¤¤ªº¤@¤Á«s¶Ë¡C³o°¦µe¬Ü³¾¦³²§©ó¥Íªø¦b®x°|¸Ì¶H¼x¥Í©Rªºµµ¤B»¡A¥¦²ÛÀßÁôÂÃ(
"shy and hidden" (191))¡AÂ÷¸s¯Á©~(
"withdrawn to himself, avoiding the settlement" (21))¡C©Î³\§ÚÌ¥i¥H»¡¡A¦â±mÂAÆv¡B»®ð¿@¯Pªºµµ¤B»¥NªíµÛ¦×Å骺¥Í©R¡A¦Ó³B¨©t¿W¡A±yµM¦Û°Ûªºµe¬Ü³¾«h¥NªíµÛºë¯«¥Í©R¡G
Song of the bleeding throat,
Death's outlet song of life, (for well dear brother
I know,
If thou wast not granted to sing thou would'st
surely die (23-25)¡C)
µe¬Ü³¾¤§ºq³QºÙ¬° "death's
outlet song of life" ¬O¦]¬°¥¦Æg¹|¦º¤`¬°ÀòP§ó¶i¤@¼hºë¯«¥Í©Rªº°ß¤@³~®|¡C³]¨Ïµe¬Ü³¾¤£¯àºq°Û¡A¤]¨S¦³¥t¤@Ó¥@¬É¨Ñ¨äÆg¹|¡A¥¦¯uªº´Nn¡u¦W²Å¨ä¹êªº¦º¥h¡v(
"surely die") (ºë¯«ªº©I³ê¤]·|½p¤f®øÁn)¡C¦b¾ãӲĥ|¸`¤¤¡A¸Ö¤H¤@±¬°µe¬Ü³¾ªº¯«¯¦ºqÁn©Ò§l¤Þ¡A¤@±¬°µµ¤B»°g¤Hªº¤O¶q©ÒÅù¯d¡C¦Ü¦¹¡A¦×Åé¥Í©Rªº§l¤Þ¤O¤´µM±j¹Lºë¯«¥Í©R¤Oªº§l¤Þ¤O¡F¸Ö¤¤¤HÁÙn¤@¬q®É¶¡¤~¯à®ø°£ªLªÖÂßÅ餧¦º¦b¥L¤ß¤¤©Ò¯d¤Uªº«s¶Ë¡C
¦P¼Ëªº¤ÀªR¾A¥Î©óª÷¬Pªº¶H¼x¥H¤Î¥¦»Pµe¬Ü³¾¤§ºq¶¡ªºÃö«Y¡C¸Ö¤H¦b¤£¤[¤§«á´N»â®©¨ìµe¬Ü³¾¤§ºq¥i¥H½w©Mª÷¬P©Ò¶H¼x¹ï¦º¤`ªº·P¶Ë¡C¥L§i¶D¨º¡u®`²Û¦Ó·Å¬Xªº¡v(
"bashful and tender")ºq°ÛªÌ»¡¡G¡u§Ú¦A¬y³s¤ù¨è¡A¦]¬°¨ºÀéÄꪺ¬P¬PÅù¯dµÛ§Ú¡v(
"But a moment I linger, for, the lustrous star has detained me"
(69))¡C³o´N¹³µµ¤B»Åù¯d¥Lªº±¡§Î¤@¼Ë¡CµM¦Ó¡A¤@¦ýªLªÖ¤§¦º©Ò¤Þ°_ªºÓ¤H«s¶Ë®ø°£¤§«á¡A¥L¥ß§Y©b¦Vªh¿A¡A²âÅ¥¨Ã¸àÄÀµe¬Ü³¾¤§ºq¡C³oµe¬Ü³¾¤§ºq¦¨¬°¤@ºÆg¬üºq¡A¦b¡u¦º¡vªº¯¬ºÖ¤U¡A§Ö¼ÖªºÆg¹|¡u¯ÝÃh²M²Dªº¡y¦º¤`¡z¤§ºò©êªºÂùÁu¡v(
"the sure-enwinding arms of cool-enfolding death" (142))¡C¦b²âÅ¥¤F¨ºÁô©~ªºµe¬Ü³¾ºq°Û¤§«á¡A¸Ö¤HÀò¦Ü¤@ºØ¯«¯¦ªº¬}¹î¤O¡A¦Ó²×¯à¶W¶V¡u¦è¨Hªº±ß¬P¡v(
"drooping star" (5))¡C¨º³¾ªººqÁn¨Ï¸Ö¤H»{ÃÑ¥t¤@ºØ¤H¥Í¡A¨Ï¥LÅé»{¦º¬O½á¤©·s¥Íªº¬@±ÏªÌ¡A¤]¬O¨¬¨Ï¤H¦w®§ªº¼¢°Ý¤H¡C¦bÀòP³oºØ¤F¸Ñªº¹Lµ{¤¤¡Aµe¬Ü³¾¥Nªí¤@ºØ®õµM©Ó¨üªºÁnµ¡C¸Ö¤¤¤H¦]¦Ó§ó¯à¤F¸Ñ¦b³Ð³y¹Lµ{¤¤¡A¦º¤`À³¦ûªº¦a¦ì¡C¦p¦¹¡A¤]´N§ó¯à©Ó¨üªLªÖªº¥h¥@¤D¬O¦ÛµMªºªk«h¡C
¥t¥~ȱoª`·Nªº¬O¡Aµe¬Ü³¾¥u¦b¥Í¨|ªº©u¸`ºq°Û¡A¦Óºq°Ûªº¥DÃD(§Y¦º¤`)«h³Qµø¬°
"Dark mother" (43) ¨º´N¬O»¡¡A¦o¦b³Ð³y·s¥Í©R®É¡A±a¨Ó·Rªºº¡¨¬©M²×·¥ªº§Ö¼Ö¡C§Ṳ́]ª¾¹Dµe¬Ü³¾¤§ºq¦P©óWhitman¤§ºq¡F¤]´N¬O»¡¡A¥L̪ººq°Û¬Û¤¬©IÀ³(
"tally" (163))¡FWhitman©Mµe¬Ü³¾ªº¦a¦ì¤]´N¬Û¦P¤F¡C¦¹®É¥L±ÃÂ_¤F¿£¥L©ó¦×Åé¥Í©RªºÃ·¯Á¡C¤@¥¹±Ã²æ¡A¥L´N¯à©Mµe¬Ü³¾¤@°_¸¦V
"the sure-enwinding
arms of cool-enfolding death" (142)¡C³oºØ±¡§Î¥i¥Î¤U¹Ïªí¥Ü¥X¨Ó¡A¹Ï¤¤§â³¾µe¦¨¹³Whitman°_º¦r¥À
"W" ªº¼Ë¤l¡A¤wªí¥Ü³Ì«á¤H³¾¦X¤@ªº±¡§Î¡C
¾¨ºÞ³o¤TÓ¥Dn¶H¼x¦U¦³¨ä¯S©Ê¡A¦ý¥¦Ì¤§©Ò¥H«n¡AºÝ¦b¥¦Ì©¼¦¹¶¡ªºÃö³s©Ê¡CWhitman°£¤F«ÅºÙ¥Lªº¹|ºq¥i¬°¬Ü³¾¤§ºqªºÆF»î¥S§Ì
(soul brother) ¤§¥~¡A¥Lı±o³o¤TÓ¶H¼x¥i¥H³e¦ê¦¨¤@Ó¦³¾÷ªº¾ãÅé¡G
O liquid and free and tender!
O wild and loose to my soul -- O wondrous singer!
You only I hear -- yet the star holds me, (but will soon
depart,)
Yet the lilac with mastering odor holds me. (104-107)
¦b³o¥|¦æ¸Ö¤¤¡A¥L§âťı¡Bµøı©M¶åıµ¥¦UºØ·P©x¤Wªº¦L¶H¿Ä¦X¦b¤@°_¡A¨äµ{«×´N¹³¤@Ó¤H¦b«b¨º¶¡©Ò±o¨ìªº§¹¾ã¦L¶H¤@¼Ë¡C¦AªÌ¡A¥L¥H
"liquid"
·t¥Ü¥L³Ì³ßÅwªº¨ººØIJ·P©M¬y°Ê¡F¥H
"wild and loose"
¤Äµe¥X¥L³Ì¾Õªøªº§Î¦¡¡F¥H "free and tender"
¥]®e¥L·P±¡³Ì¬üªº¤@Àô¡C
¬°¤FnŨúWhitmanªºª`·N¡A³o¤TÓ¥Dnªº¶H¼x¬Û¤¬ºc¦¨À¸¼@©Êªº½Ä¬ð¡A¨ä±¡ªp´N¹³ºtû¦b»R¥x¤Wªíºt¤@¼Ë¡C¦b²Ä¤E¸`¸Ì(60-70)¡Aµe¬Ü³¾¶}©l»Pª÷¬P¬Ûª§¡A¥H¨äÀò¨ú¸Ö¤Hªºª`·N¡C¤S±q¸Öªº¤¤¬q¨ìµ²§ô(60-206)¡A³oºØ¬Û¥¸ªº¤O¶q§Î¦¨¸Öªº±i¤O¡A¦P®É¤]ºc¦¨¥»¸Öªº°ò¥»§Î¦¡¡Cº¥ý¦²¤Þ¸Ö¤Hªº¤@ªÑ¤O¶q¬OªLªÖ¤§¦º©Ò³ê°_ªºÓ¤H«s¶Ë(¥Hª÷¬P©Mµµ¤B»¶H¼x¤§)¡C³o¼Ë©¹´_²o¤Þ¡A¤@ª½¨ìÆF¬^©è¹F¨ä³Ì«á¦w®§ªº¦a¤è¬°¤î¡C§Y¨Ï³oÓ®ÉÔ¡A¸Ö¤H¤´µM¨S¦³§Ñ¤F¥L¤ß¤¤ªº¥¢¸¨¡A¥u¬O¦¹¨è¥L¥i¥H¤£°¾¤£Êªº±µ¨ü³o¤TÓ¶H¼x¦Ó»¡¨ì¡G¡uµµ¤B»¡B¬P¬P»P³¾©M§Úªº¤ßÆF¤§ºq¥æ´Ãø¤À¡v(
"Lilac and star and bird [are] twined with the chant of my soul"
(205))¡C¬P¬P©M³¾¤£¦A¬Û¤¬±Æ¥¸¡F¥¦Ìªº¤O¶q³z¹L·R¡B¤F¸Ñ¡A©Ó¨ü¦Ó¦X¦Ó¬°¤@¡C©Ò¥H»¡¡AWhen
Lilacs¤£¶È¬O¤@º«s±¥ªLªÖ¤§¦ºªº»µ¸Ö¡A¦P®É¤]¬O¤@º±´°Q¦º¤`¥»¨ªºõ²z¸Ö¡C³z¹L¹ïµµ¤B»¡A¬P¬P©Mµe¬Ü³¾ªº¶H¼x¨Ï¥Î¡A¸Ö¤H¸g¹L¡u«s¦Ó·R¡vªº®Èµ{¡A©è¹F±µ¨ü¦º¤`ªº²×¯¸¡C
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(Lilac
Symbolism)¥»¸Öªºµ¼Ö©Ê
(Musicality)
¸Ö»Pµ¼Ö¦P¬°ÃÀ³N¤¤¸û¬°¬Ûªñªº¨âÀô¡A½×¸`«µ¡AÃý«ß¡A±j®z¡A«×µ¥µ¥¡A¨âªÌ³£»á¦h¬Û³q¤§³B¡C¦Ó¥»¸Ö§@ªÌWhitman©Mµ¼ÖªºÃö«Y¡A¦ü¥G§ó¬°±K¤Á¡Aȱo°µ§ó¶i¤@¨Bªº±´°Q¡C¾Ú·sªñµoªíªº¤åÄm©Ò¥Ü(½Ð°Ñ¾\
Musical Influence on American
Poetry, pp. 161-209)¡AWhitman¬O¤@¦ì¹ïµ¼Ö»á¦³×¾iªº¸Ö¤H¡C¥L¦í¦b¯Ã¬ù¡A±q¨Æ½s¿è¤u§@¡A©T¦³¸û¦hªº¾÷·|®Úµ¼Ö±µÄ²¡C¥L±`¥hµ¼Ö·|²â½à¡A¤£½×ºq¼@¡A¾¹¼Ö¦±¡AµL©Ò¤£¦n¡A¨C¦¸¦b²â½à«á»³¼g¨Ç«Ü¦³¨£¦aªºµû½×©M·PIJ¡C¦A»¡¡A¥LôôJeff¤S¬O¤@¦ì¤p´£µ^¤â¡C¦]¦¹¡Aµ¼Ö©M¥L»á¦³¤@¬q½t¥÷¡C
¤Q¤E¥@¬ö¤¤¸ªº¬ü°ê¡A¬O¨©¦hªâªº¶Àª÷®É¥N¡AWhitman¹ï¨©¦hªâªº¼vÅT¦ü¥G«Ü¤j¡A¨â¤H¤§¶¡¦³«Ü¦h@¤H´M¨ýªº¬Û¦ü¤§³B¡GÄ´¦p»¡¡A¥L̳£·¥·R¦n¦ÛµM¡A¥B±N¦Û¤vªº·P¨üªí¹F¦b¼Ö¦±©M¤å¦r¤§¤¤¡F¨â¤H³£¯à¬ð¯}¶Ç²Î§Î¦¡ªºÏEÂê¡Aªí²{Ó¤Hªº¯S©Ê¡C¨©¦hªâ¶}³Ð¤F¥L¿W¯Sªº«µ»ï¦±§Î¦¡(Sonata
form)¤Î¹ï¥DÃD°Ê¾÷(motif)§@¦³¾÷¾ãÅé(organic
whole)ªºµo®i¤âªk¡A¥L¤Sº¥ý¥Îµ¼Ö¨Óªí²{¤H©Êªº°¶¤j¡A¤]¤£Â_¦bµ¼Ö¤¤°l¨D¤HÃþ©R¹Bµ¥µ¥°ÝÃD¡C
Whitman¦b¦³·NµL·N¤§¶¡¡A¥Î¤å¦rªí²{¤F¨©¦hªâµ¼Öªº¯S©Ê¡C¥»¸Ö¡A¥¿¦p¡u^¶¯¥æÅT¦±¡v¤@¼Ë¡A¬O¬°¬ö©À¤@¦ì°¶¤H¦Ó§@ªº¡A°£¤F¼ÐÃD(¬ö©ÀªLªÖÁ`²Î)¦Ó¥~¡A¦A¤]§ä¤£¨ì¥ô¦óª½¬Ò¯A¤ÎªLªÖªº¦r¼Ë¡A³o¤]³\¥¿¬O¸Ö¤H·Q¦b¤å¦r¤¤ªí²{¤@ºØ¾¹¼Ö¦±ªº¹Ò¬É-¥H¤@ºØ§ó´¶¤Î¡A¤]§ó¤£©ö®»ºNªºªí¹F¤è¦¡¨Ó¿E°ÊŪªÌªº±¡·P¡C
§ó«nªº¤@ÂI¬O¡GWhitman¦ü¥G±Ä¥Î¤F¨©¦hªâ¹ï«µ»ï¦±§Î¦¡§@¦³¾÷¾ãÅ骺³B²z¤âªk¡C¥L¹B¥Î´XÓ°ò¥»·N¶H(¥¿¦pµ¼Ö¸Ìªº¥DÃD°Ê¾÷)¤£Â_¥[¥HÂX±i¡Aµo®i¡A«²Õ¡A©µ¦ù¡A§ó·s¡K¡C¦b¤Q¤»¸`¤¤¡A¸g¹L¤F§e¥Ü³¡
(Exposition)¡Aµo®i³¡ (Development)¡A¦A²{³¡(Recapitulation)¡A¤Î§À¦±
(Coda)ªº¦¸§Ç¡A¥R¤Àªí¹F¤F¥L¹ïªLªÖ°l©À·R¼}¤§±¡¡C
A. §e¥Ü³¡
(Exposition)¡G¦b¼Ö¦±¤¤³q±`¦³¨âÓ¼Ö«ä«e«á¥X²{¡A¤@¬°¥DÃD¡A¤@¬°°ÆÃD¡A«eªÌ¦h¶§è¡A«áªÌ¦h³±¬X¡A§e·¥±jªº¹ï¤ñ¡C¥»¸Ö1
- 4¸`¥iµø¬°§e¥Ü³¡¡C
1. ªLªÖ¦º©ó¥|¤ë¤Q¤¤é¡A¥¿È¶§¬K¤§»Ú¡Aµµ¤B»²±¶}¡Aµe¬Üª§»ï¡A¥[¤W¥^¥^¦è¨Hªºª÷¬P¡A¤TªÌ³£©MªLªÖªº¦º¬ÛÃö³s¡A¦¨¬°¥DÃDªº¤TÓ·N¶H¡A¤T¦X¤@(trinity)¥¿¦pµ¼Ö¸Ìªº¥D©M²Í©Î½Æµµ¼Ö(polyphony)¸Ìªº¤TÓ½Õ¦¡¡C±©µe¬Üªº·N¶H©|¦bÁßÆC¤§¤¤(thought
of him I love)n¨ì²Ä¥|¸` ¤~¥¿¦¡§e¥Ü¡C»P¡u¦º¡v¤§¥DÃD¦¨¹ï¤ñªº¬O¡u¥Í¡v¤§°ÆÃD¡A¥H¡u§Ú¡v(I
mourn'd)¬°¨ä³Ì¨ãÅ骺¥Nªí¡A¨ä¥L©|¦³¤H¥Í¡A«°¥«¡A¤H¸s¡A²{¹ê¡A¥Í¬¡¡K³£©M¡u¥Í¡v¤§°ÆÃD¦³Ãö¡A¦ý³£¦³«Ý¥H«á½Ñ¸`¤¤¥[¥Hµo®i¡C
2. ª÷¬Pªº·N¶H¡A¥H¤@ºØºq¼@¤¤¤§µú¹Ä½Õ(aria)§u¥X¡Aª`·N¨C¦æ«e¤§¡u°Ú¡v(O)¡Aªí²{¤F§uµúªº±¡½ì¡A¤]«P¦¨¤F¤@ºØťı¤Wªº²Î¤@®ÄªG¡C»Pª÷¬P¦³ÃöªºªþÄÝ·N¶H¬°night,
cloud, cruel hands . . .¡C
3.
µµ¤B»ªº·N¶H¥H±Ô°Û½Õ(recitative)ªº¤è¦¡¥[¥H¸Ô²Ó§e¥Ü¡A¤ßª¬¸¥Nªí¡u·R¤ß¡v¡A¥H¥|Ówith±N¾ã¬q²Î¤@¡C¥½§À»¡§¹
"A sprig of its flower
I break"«KÀNµM¦Ó¤î¡A¦ü¦³¤£¤F¤F¤§ªº·Pı¡C¨ä¹ê³o¥¿¬O¦]¬°n©M²Ä¤»¸`¥½¥y
"I give you my sprig of lilac"»»»»¬Û±æ¡A¹F¦¨¤@½u¬Û©Óªºµ²ºcÃö«Y¡A³o¨¬¥HÃÒ¹ê§@ªÌ¹ï·N¶Hµo®i¤§¦w±Æ¥Î¤ß¨}W¡A§O¨ã¦K¤ß¤§³B¡C
4.
µe¬Üªº·N¶H§e²{¡A¥L©t¿W²Û©Ä¡AÁô©óªHµL¤H¸ñ¤§³B¡AðݺqDeath's
outlet song of life¡C¨ì¦¹¡A¡u§e¥Ü¡v³¡§¹²¦¡A¤TÓ¥Dn·N¶H³£¤À§O¤@¤@¤¶²Ð¹L¤F¥¦Ì³£¨ã¦³·¥¤jªº¶}®i©Ê¡Aº¥ý©M§Ú̪º·P©x-µøı¡Aťı¡A¶åıµ¥¦³ª½±µªºÃö³s¡Aªñ¤@¨B¤S¯à©M¤@¨Ç©â¶HªºÆ[©À¬ÛÁpô¡C¥Ñ¦¹¡A¥i¨£§@ªÌ¹ï·N¶H¿ï¾Ü¤§¿W¨ì¤§³B¡C(¸Ô¨£·N¶H³¡¥÷)
B. µo®i³¡
(Development)¡G±N¡u§e¥Ü¡v³¡¸Ìªº¥DÃD»P°ÆÃD¥[¥Hµo®i¡G©Î´|¦X¡A©Î©µ¦ù¡A©Î¶}®i¡A©Î«²Õ¡CÁקK¹L¤À±j½Õ¥DÃD¡A¥H¯d«Ý¡u¦A²{³¡¡v¤¤§@³Ì°ª«×µo´§¡C¥»¸Ö5
- 13¸`¥iµø¬°µo®i³¡¡C
5.
ÆF¬^(¡u¦º¡vªº¥DÃD)¥ÑµØ²±¹y¹B©¹¥ì§Q¿Õ¦{¤§¬K¥Ð
(Springfield)¡A³~¸g¥Í·N¯sµMªº¬K¤Ñ¡A«°¥«¡Aµó«Ñ¡A¤sªL¡AªG¤ì³o³£¬O»P¡u¥Í¡v¦³Ãöªº°ÆÃD)¡C²£¥Í¤@ºØ¦º¥Í¬Û©Ú(death
in life)ªº®ÄªG¡A³o¤]¥¿¬O¤@ºØ»á¦üµ¼Öªºªí²{ªk¡C
6.
ÆF¬^Ä~Äò¦è¦æ¡A¦b¤H¼é¡AºX®ü¤¤Áô²{µÛª÷(dirges through
night)¬P(the great cloud
darkening the land; the flambeaus of the night)¤Îµe¬Üªº·N¶H¡C³o¬O¤@ºØ·¥¨ãµ¼Ö©Êªº®ÄªG¡C¥½¥y©M²Ä¤T¸`¥½¥y¤@½u¬Û©Ó¡C(¸Ô¨£²Ä¤T¸`»¡©ú)¡C¦b³o¸`¸Ì¡A»P¡u¦º¡v¦³Ãöªº¤TÓ·N¶H³£²¤·L´£¤Î¡A±N¦b²Ä¤C¡A¤K¡A¤E¸`¤¤¸Ôz¡C
7.
¡u¥Í¡v¤§°ÆÃD»P¡u¦º¡v¤§¥DÃD¤S¦P®É¥X²{¡A¥Ñ¤@¤H¤§¦º¡A¤Æ¬°²³¤H¤§¦º¡Aµµ¤B»¤S²{¡A¨Ã¥[¤Wª´ºÀ¡B¦Ê¦X¡C
8.
©Ó²Ä¤G¸`¤§«á¡A¹ïª÷¬P§@§ó¶i¤@¨Bªº¶}®i¡A¬P¨à¦è¨H¡A¥HÁ¨§C»y¡A©]¦â±âÅf¡A¬P¨à·tµM¯«¶Ë(how
full you were of woe)¡Cª`·N¤@³s¤KÓasªº²Î¤@®ÄªG¡C
9. µe¬Ü»Pª÷¬P¦P®É¥X²{¡A¦ü¬Û¨ó¡A¤]¦ü¬Û©Ú¡A¥¿¦pµ¼Ö¤¤¤§¨â¼Ö«ä¡A¬Û§e¨Ã¦C¡A¦b²Î¤@¤¤¤S¦U¦Û¿W¥ß¡C
10.¡u¥Í¡v¤§°ÆÃD-¡u§Ú¡v¥X²{¡AÁô¬ù¶¡»Pµe¬Ü(I
warble)©Mµµ¤B»(I'll perfume)¬Û´|¦X¡A³o¬O¤@Ó·¥·L§®ªº´|¦X¡A«Ü¨ãµ¼Ö©Ê¡C
11. ¡u¥Í¡v¤§°ÆÃDÄ~Äòµo®i¡A¡u¬K¡v¡u¥|¤ë¡v¡u²{¹ê¡v¡u«°¥«¡v¡u¤u¤H¡v¡u·Ï§w¡v¦A¦¸¥X²{¡A¤w¬O¤i¶§¦è¤U(Sinking
Sun)ªº®ÉÔ¡C¤i¶§·t¥Üdrooping
star¡A¥iµø¬°ª÷¬Pªº¤@ÓÅܧÎ(ÅܽÕ)¡C
12. ¤@©]¹L¥h¡A¦°¤é¤SªF¤É¡A¥Ñ²M±á¨ì¥¿¤È¡A¤Sªñ¶À©ü¡A¶Â©]¦A«×°Á{¡AÁc¬P¤S²{¡C³o¬O¤@ºØ¦h»òªñ¥Gµ¼Öªº¤âªk¡A¸g¹L¤@¬qÅܤƵo®i¤§«á¡A¤S¦^¨ì¥DÃD¤W-¶Â©]¡A¬P¬P(¦º¤`ªº¼~¶Ë)¡C
13.
µe¬Ü¡Aª÷¬P»Pµµ¤B»¡A¤TÓ¥Dn·N¶H¬Û¨ó¤S¬Û©Ú¡A³o¬O¥Ñ²Ä¤E¸`ºtÅܦӨӪº¡A¤£¹L¦]¬°¤S¦h¤F¤@¼Ë¡AÃö«YÅã±o§ó½ÆÂø¡C²Ä¤@¸`¸Ìªº¤T¦X¤@(Trinity)¨ì¦¹¦A²{¡Cµo®i³¡µ²§ô¡C
C. ¦A²{³¡
(Recapitulation)¡G¥DÃD¡A°ÆÃD«·s¥X²{¡A¤º®eµy¦³Åܧó¡C¨âªÌ¤§¶¡ªº¹ï¤ñ©M¬Û©Ú©Ê¡A¨ì¦¹±o¥H½w©M¡A¸Ñ¨M¡C¥»¸Öªº²Ä¤Q¥|¸`¥i¬O¬°¦A²{³¡¡C
14.¡u¥Í¡v¤§°ÆÃD¦A²{-«°¥«¡A¹A¤Ò¡AÅW®b¡K¤£¹L³o¤@¤ÁÂ಴¤S³Q¡u¦º¡v¤§³±Åµ©ÒÅ¢¸n(Appear'd
the cloud, appear'd the long black trail)¡C¸Ö¤¤¤H»P¡u¦º¡v¤À¤Æ¬°¤G¡G¤@¬°¡u¦º¤§©ÀÀY¡v(thought
of death)-¥Nªí¹ï¦º¨º¥÷±¡¤£¦Û¸Tªº·P¶Ë¡F¤@¬°¡u¦º¤§»{ÃÑ¡v(knowledge
of death)-¥Nªí¹ï¦º¤§¯u¿Íªº¤F®©¡A³o¤]¥¿¬Oµe¬Ü³ÚÁn¤¤ªº¤@¤Á¡C¡u¥Í¡v(I)»P¡u¦º¡v(thought
of death, and knowledge of death)
µ²¦ñ¦¨¤T¡A³o¬Otrinityªº¥t¤@ºØÅܧΡC
µe¬Ü°ÛµÛ¡u¦º¤§ºq¡v-lovely
and soothing death . . . delicate death . . . praise! praise! praise!
. . . Dark mother, ! . . . strong deliveress . . . thy bliss O death .
. . with joy to thee O death¡C¨ì¦¹¡u¦º¡v¥H¤£¦A¥i©Æ¡A¤£¦A¼~¶Ë¡A¦Ó¤w²b¤Æ¡A¥Rº¡·O²»¤§ºA¡C¡u¦º¡v¤§¥DÃD¨ì¦¹±o¥H½w©M¡C¦A²{³¡µ²§ô¡C
D. §À¦±
(Coda)¡G¨ì¨©¦hªâ®É¡A§À¦±¥H¤£¦A¬O¤@¬q¥i¦³¥iµLªº¸Ë¹¢«~¡A¦Ó¬O¤@¬q¦³¨ä¿W¥ß·®æ¡A¤£¥i©Î¯Êªº³¡¥÷¡C¦b§¹º¡µ²§ô¤§«e¡A±`§e²{¤@ºØ·sªº¤£¦w»P¤£°º¡A¤Þ°_·P±¡ªº·s¿EÀú¡A³Ì«á¦b¥[¥HÁ`µ²¡C¥»¸Ö²Ä15,
16¸`¥iµø¬°§À¦±¡C
15.
µe¬Ü»ïÁn¥¼¤F¡A¡u¥Í¡v¡u¦º¡v¤´µ²¦ñ¦Ó¦æ¡A©¿µM¾Ô³õ¼r±þ¤õ«÷ªº´Ý»Å´º¶HÅDµM²´«e¡A³o¬O¤@ºØ·sªº¤£¦w»P¤£°º¡A¡u¥Í¡v»P¡u¦º¡v¦A«×¬Û©Ú¡A¦ºªÌ¤w¨o¡I¥ÍªÌ´dµh¡I
16. ³o¬O¥þ¸ÖªºÁ`µ²¡G¤TÓ»P¡u¦º¡v¦³Ãöªº·N¶H-µµ¤B»¡Aµe¬Ü¡Aª÷¬P³£¥ý«á¦A«×¥X²{¡A³Ì«á©Mthe
chant of my soul (¡u¥Í¡vªÌ¤§ðݺq)¿Ä¦X¬°¤@(lilac
and star and bird twined with the chant of my soul)¦b¤@¤ù±IÀR©üî®ðª^¤¤µ²§ô¡C
¹ï¥ô¦ó¤@¥óÃÀ³N§@«~ªºªY½à¡A¦]¥ß½×¬Û²§¦Ó¦³³\¦h¦Pªº¬Ýªk»P¸àÄÀ¡A§Ú̦b¦¹¥u¤£¹L´£¥Ü¤F¤@Ó¥i¯àªY½àªº¨¤«×¡A¨Ñ§@°Ñ¦Ò¡C
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