Lyotard's General Arguments

• Places emphasis on narrative in the fields of science, too.
• Postmodern condition = post-industrial, computerized society
• Postmodernism as "incredulity toward meta-narratives" (Introduction xxiv).  Against Grand Narratives of legitimation; for small and local narratives.
• He sees the working of society as a network of language games (based on socio-linguistics, esp. the performance theory).  Against consense; for paralogy.

• The postmodern sublime vs. the terror of totalization.
  

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Background: Lyotard vs. Habermas & Jameson

Jameson from Forword, The Postmodern Condition

• in the wake of a certain French "post-Marxism" (x)
• Jameson's response to the loss of the great master-narratives: he believes we should "[take] a further step that Lyotard seems unwilling to do in the present text, namely to posit, not the disappearance of the great master-narratives, but their passage underground as it were, their continuing but now unconscious effectivity as a way of "thinking about" and acting in our current situation.  --"political unconscious"
• Jameson's defense of Marxism:
  • "The persistence of issues of power and control, particularly in the increasing monopolization of information of information by private business, would seem to make an affirmative answer unavoidable, and to reconfirm the priviledged status of Marxism as a mode of analysis of capitalism proper.  (xiii)
  • "The question of social class, and in particular of the "proletariat" and its existence, is hopelessly confused when such arguments conflate the problem of a theoretical category of analysis (social class) with the empirical question about the mood or influence of workers in this or that society today (they are no longer revolutionary, bourgeoisified, etc.).
• Jameson's criticism of Lyotard:
  • Missing culture -- "Here Lyotard's sketch is tantalizing and finally frustrating; for the formal limitation of his essay to the problem of "knowledge" has tended to exclude an area -- culture -- that has been of the greatest importance to him in his other writings, as he has been one of the most keenly committed of contemporary thinkers anywhere to the whole range and variety of avant-garde and experimental art today.   . . . Lyotard is in reality quite unwilling to posit a postmodernist stage radically different from the period of high modernism and involving a fundamental historical and cultural break with this last." (xv - xvi)

  • Avant-gardist -- ". . .his commitment to cultural and formal innovation still valorizes culture and its powers in much the same spirit in which the Western avant-gardes has done so since the fin de siecle."

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Questions:

• What are at stake in this argument over consense and dissensus, grand narrative vs. small narrative?  Is cognitive mapping a kind of grand narrative?  In any kind of politics, is it really possible to stay with dissensus?  If not, how do we reach consensus without excluding/suppressing others' opinion?
• If, as Jameson said, working class is a theoretical concept, "grand narratives" and "small narratives" are, too.  How do we apply these theorectical concepts to the social-historical?  Can we find any examples for them?
• Is there any contradiction between Lyotard ideas of postmodernism and postmodernity?

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(external) Literary Criticism Databank: Postmodernism and Urban Space ;
Postmodern Theories and Texts