"Answering
the Question: What Is Postmodernism?"
Providers: Jana
Yi-wen Chien
15 Oct., 1998
- thesis
- postmodern
sublime/unpresentable of the postmodern art
- The phrase is related
to Nietzssche's nihilism--a kind of perspectivism.
- It is also akin to Kant's
aesthetics of the sublime.
- "The sublime evokes
a contradictory feeling" (The Idea of the Postmodern: A History
133). It is ". . . a strong and equivocal emotion: it carries both
pleasure and pain . . . in it pleasure derives from pain." (p43)
- For Kant, sublime occurs
"when the imagination fails to present an object which might, if
only in principle, come to match a concept." This is the relation
between Kantian aesthetics of sublime and unpresentable. (p43)
- Lyotard's postmodern
sublime is "an art of negation, a perpetual negation . . . based
on a never-ending critique of representation that should contribute
to the preservation of heterogeneity, of optimal dissensus . . .
[it]does not lead towards a resolution; the confrontation with the
unpresentable leads to radical openness" (The Idea of the Postmodern:
A History 133).
¡@
II. Some key concepts of Lyotard's
postmodern
- Lyotard is opposed to
totality.
- Lyotard uses the term
"initial forgetting" to support his conception of the rupture of modern
and postmodern. (From Lyotard, Jean-Francois. "Note on the Meaning
of 'Post-'." 1985.)
III. Outline
- A Demand =
Lyotard aims to question Habermas' conception of unity.
- Realism
- Because of the call
for "unity" and "identity," it is believed that ". . . nothing is
more urgent than to liquidate the heritage of the avan-gardes" (p40).
- The definition of realism:
= "Realism, whose only
definition is that it intends to avoid the question of reality implicated
in that of art, always stands somewhere between academicism and
kitsch" (p41).
- Postmodern sublime
- Because of modernity,
we discover the "'lack of reality' of reality, together with the
invention of other realities." (p43)
- The phrase is related
to Nietzssche's nihilism--a kind of perspectivism.
- It is also akin to Kant's
aesthetics of the sublime.
- In order to present
the unpresentable, Kant shows "formlessness, the absence of form,
as a possible index to the unpresentable" (p44).
- As to the modern art,
it makes effort "to present the fact that the unpresentable exists"
with "its little technical expertise" (p43).
- The Postmodern
- Lyotard's definition
of the postmodern.
- Lyotard believes that
postmodern is "a part of the modern," and there is a circular relation
between modern & postmodern. (p44) "A
work can become modern only if it is first postmodern. Postmodernism
. . . is not modernism at its end but in the nascent state, and this
state is constant" (p44).
- The difference between
modern aesthetics & postmodern aesthetics in the aspect of unpresentable.
- "modern aesthetics is
an aesthetic of the sublime, though a nostalgic one. It allows the
unpresentable to be put forward only as the missing contents; but
the form, because of its recognizable consistency, continues of
offer to the reader or viewer matter for solace and pleasure" (p46).
- "The postmodern would
be that which, in the modern, puts forward the unpresentable in
presentation itself; that which denies itself the solace of good
forms, the consensus of a taste which would make it possible to
share collectively the nostalgia for the unattainable; that which
searches for new presentations . . . in order to impart a stronger
sense of the unpresentable" (p46).
- ex. the works of Proust
(modern) and Joyce (postmodern) both allude something unpresentable.
- Proust--". . . what
is being eluded as the price to pay for this allusion is the
identity of consciousness, a victim to the excess of time .
. . ." (p45).
- Joyce--". . . the
identity of writing . . . is the victim of an excess of the
book or of literature" (p45).
IV. Questions:
- When discussing the postmodern
art, why does Lyotard adopt the conceptions of Kant and Nietzssche?
- Is there really a rupture
between the modern and the postmodern?
References
Bertens,
Hans. The Idea of the Postmodern: A History. London: Routledge,
1995. Lyotard,
Jean-Francois. "Note on the Meaning of 'Post-'." 1985. Docherty, Thomas,
ed. Postmodernism:
A Reader. New York: Harvester Wheatsheaf, 1993. p47-50.
---. "Answering
the Question: What Is Postmodernism?"
Postmodernism: A Reader. Docherty,
Thomas, ed. New
York: Harvester Wheatsheaf, 1993. p35-46
(external)
Literary
Criticism Databank: Postmodernism and Urban Space ;
Postmodern Theories and Texts
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