¬ü°ê¤å¾Ç­º­¶   /   The 20th Century -- First Half ¤G¤Q¥@¬ö -- «e¥b  /  §@®a  /  Thomas Stearn  Eliot  ´ö°¨´µ¡E¥vµn¡E¦ã²¤¯S
Thomas Stearn  Eliot
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¥D­n¤åÃþ¡GPoem
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ÃöÁä¦rµü¡GModernism;Modern and Contemporary American Poetry

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July, 2011

 

 

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Thomas Stearns Eliot

 

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     ·Q¨ì­^¬ü²{¥N¥D¸q¤å¾Ç¡A¨S¦³¤H¬O¤£¾å±o¦ã²¤¯Sªº¡C¦ã²¤¯S¥i»¡¬O¦ì²³©Ò¬Òª¾ªº¤å¾Ç¥¨¤H¡C ¦ã²¤¯S¬O­Ó¸Ö¤H¡A¦P®É¤]¬O­Ó¼@§@®a¥H¤Î¤å¾Ç§åµûªÌ¡A¨ä¡m¯î­ì¡n§ó¦¨¬°²{¥N¥D¸q¤å¾Çªº¤@¤j«ü¼Ð¡C¦ã²¤¯S©ó1948¦~Àò¹{¿Õ¨©º¸¤å¾Ç¼ú¡C¥»¤å±N¤¶²Ð¨ä¥Í¥­¡A¨Ã°µThe Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock¥H¤ÎThe Waste Land¨â¸Öªº¾ÉŪ¡C¦ã²¤¯S¼g¸Ö¥Î¨å·¥¦h¡A¬GŪ°_¨Ó¡A¤×¨ä¹ï«D¦è¤èŪªÌ¡A§óÅã§xÃø¡C

 

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¦ã²¤¯S©ó1888¦~¤E¤ë26¤é¥X¥Í©ó¬ü°ê±KĬ¨½¦{ªº¸t¸ô©ö´µ¤@»á´I¦³ªº¤¤²£¶¥¯Å®a®x¡C¨ä¤÷¬°¤½¥qªºÁ`µô¡A¥À¿Ë«h¬O±Ð®v¡C¦ã²¤¯S¤@ª½«Ý¦b±KĬ¨½¦{ª½¨ì¥L¶i¤J«¢¦ò¤j¾Ç¬°¤î¡C¦ã²¤¯S©ó1906¦~¶i¤J«¢¦ò¤j¾Ç´NŪ¡A¨ü¨ì­õ¾Ç®a¥Õ¾À¼w(Irving Babbit)¥H¤Î®á¶ð¨È¨º(George Santayanna)ªºÃhºÃ½×»P¤Ï®öº©«ä·Q¼vÅT¡C¥t¥~¡A¦ã²¤¯Sºë³q¦UºØ»y¨¥¡A¹ï«n¨È©v±Ð¥ç·P¿³½ì¡A³o¨Ç§Ú­Ì³£¥i¥H¦b¨ä¸Ö§@¤¤¬Ý¨ì¡C

±q«¢¦ò²¦·~«á¡A¦ã²¤¯S«e©¹ªk°ê¤Ú¾¤¯Á¨¹¤j¾Ç(la Sorbonne)¡A¤@¦~«á¨M©w¦^«¢¦ò§ðŪ­õ¾Ç³Õ¤h¡C1914¦ã²¤¯S¨ì¼Ú¬w®È¦æ¡A¤S¦]¬°¤@¾Ôªº­¢ªñ¦Ó¥ý¨ì­^°ê¡C¦b­Û´°¦ã²¤¯S»{ÃѤF·í®É¤]¦b­Û´°ªº¬ü°ê¤j¸Ö¤H¡A¤]¬O·N¶H¥D¸q¸Öºqªº©l¯ª¡AÃe¼w(Ezra Pound)¡CÃe¼w«D±`½àÃѦ㲤¯S¡A¤]À°§U¦ã²¤¯S¦bÂø»x¤Wµoªí¤F³\¦h¸Ö¡A¦Ó¨ä¤¤³Ì­«¦Wªº´N¬O¦ã²¤¯Sªº¦¨¦W§@¡G¡m¥Öªü­¸ªº±¡ºq¡n (The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock,1915)¡C

¦P¦~¡A¦ã²¤¯S»{ÃѤF»RÁЮaÁ¨Á¨¦w®ü¥î¼w(Vivian Haigh-Wood)¡A¦ã²¤¯S«Ü§Öªº«K»PÁ¨Á¨¦wµ²±B¡A¦ý¥L­Ìªº±B«Ã¨Ã¤£©¯ºÖ¡C¦ã²¤¯Sªº¤÷¥À¥ç¤£¤jÃÙ¦¨³o¬q±B«Ã¡A¦]¬°Á¨Á¨¦w¦³½ÆÂøªº·P±¡¥v¤ÎÅý¤HÀY¯kªººë¯«¯f¥v¡C¬°¤Fºû«ù®a­p¡A¦ã²¤¯S´¿·í¹L¦Ñ®v¡A¤]¦bLloyd »È¦æ¤u§@¹L¡C

¦b1917¦~¡A¦ã²¤¯Sªº²Ä¤@¥»¸Ö¶°Prufrock and Other Observations¥Xª©¡A¥i»¡¬O³þ©w¤F¦ã²¤¯S¦b¤å¾Ç¥v¤Wªº©w¦ì¡C±µµÛ¡A¡m¯î­ì¡n(The Waste Land) ©ó1922¦~¡]JoyceªºUlysses¤]¬O¦b³o¦~¥Xª©¡^¥Xª©¡C³o³¡¸Ö§@³Q¬Ý§@¬O¤G¤Q¥@¬ö¤å¾Çªº¤@¤j¨½µ{¸O¡A¬O¬°³Ì¦³¼vÅT¤Oªº¸Ö¶°¤§¤@¡C

1927¦~¦ã²¤¯S¤J­^°êÄy¡A©ó1948¦~Àò±o¿Õ¨©º¸¤å¾Ç¼ú¡C1965¦~¦ã²¤¯S¦]ªÍ®ð¸~¡]¦ã²¤¯S¬O­Ó¤jµÒµÄ¡^©ó¦Û¦v³u¥@¡C

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(¤@) The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock¡m¥Öªü­¸ªº±¡ºq¡n

 

     The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock¬°¦ã²¤¯S³Ì¦­¥Xª©ªº¸Ö§@¡A©ó1910¦~¥ª¥k§¹¦¨¡A¦ý¦Ü1915©lµoªí¡C

­º¥ý¡A«Ü¦³½ìªº¬O¡A¦¹¸Ö¥»¨­¼ÐÃD´N«D±`ªº§N¼J¼ö¿Ø¡C¥»¸Ö©R¦W¬° “The Love Song of …”¡A§Y±¡ºq¡A¦ý¥ú±q°Û±¡ºqªº¤HJ. Alfred Prufrock³o­Ó¦W¦r¥»¨­´N¤@ÂI³£¤£®öº©¡C¦A±q¤º®e¨Ó¬Ý¡A§ó¬O¤@ÂI³£¤£¹³±¡ºq¡A¤Ï¤§¡A¬O­ºÄÄ­z²{¥N¤HªºµJ¼{¡BµL§U¥H¤Î®À±Ñªº¸Ö¡C¤S¡APrufrock³o­Ó¦r¡A§Ú­Ì¥i¥H²q´ú¡A¬O±q “prudence”©Î “prudishness”¡A§Y¼f·V©ëÂÔ¡A¥H¤Î “frock”¡A¦çª«¡Aªº¦XÅé¦r¡C¶È¶È³z¹L¾\Ū¥»¸Öªº«e´X¦æ¡A´N¥i¥Hª¾¹D¥»¸Öµ´¹ï¤£¬O¤@­º±¡¸Ö¡A¦Ó¬O¤@­º²{¥N¤Hªº«sºq¡C±q²Ä¤@¥y¡G “Let us go then, you and I,/ When the evening is spread out against the sky/Like a patient etherized upon a table;”¡A§Ú­Ì¥i¥Hµo²{³o­Ó “Let us go then, you and I,”Å¥°_¨Ó¬O«j±jªº¡A¨Ã¤£¦ü¤@¯ëÅʤH¬Û¬ù¥h´²¨B®Éªº¤f®ð¡C¦Ó±µµÛ¦Ó¨Óªº¡G “When the evening is spread out against the sky/ Like a patient etherized upon a table”§óÅý¥»¸ÖÅã±o¸Þ²§(uncanny)¡A­ì¥»­n¦P±¡¤H¥h´²¨B¬Ý¤i¶§¡Aµ²ªG¤i¶§«oÅܦ¨¤F¤@­Ó«Ý©ü°g³Â¾Kªº¯f¤H¡C

¥»¸Ö¥D­n¬O¤@­Ó¤ßÆF¡]psyche¡^¨ü³Ðªº¡u²{¥N¤H¡vªº¤º¤ß¿W¥Õ¡C¦³¨Ç¤H»{¬°¥¦¬O¤@¬q·NÃѬy(Stream of Consciousness)¤]¦³¤H»{¬°³o¬O¤@¬qÀ¸¼@¿W¥Õ(dramatic monologue)¡A¦Ó¿W¥Õªº¹ï¶H¬O±Ô¨ÆªÌPrufrock©Ò·R¼}ªº¤k¤l¡C¦ã²¤¯S¦b¸Ö¤¤¨Ï¥Î³\¦h©Êªº¶H¼x¡A¨Ï±oPrufrock¬°¤@©Ê¨ü®ÀªÌªº§Î¶H²`´Ó©óŪªÌ¤ß¤¤¡CµM¦Ó¡AÃþ¦ü³oºØ¡u ©Ê¨ü®À¡vªº·N¶H¡A¦b¦ã²¤¯Sªº¸Ö¤¤¬O±`¨£ªº¡C±Ô¨ÆªÌPrufrock¡A±q¥Lªº¿W¥Õ¬Ý¨Ó¡A§Ú­Ì¥i¥Hª¾¹D¥L¬O¤@­Ó¥@¬G¥B¦³¾Ç°Ýªº¨k¤l¡C¦P®É¡A§Ú­Ì¤]¥i¥Hµo²{¥L¹ï¦Û¨­ªº¹¼¥F¡C§Ú­Ì©ó¸Ö¤¤¥i¥HŪ¨ì®Ç¤H¹ïPrufrockªºµû»y¤£Â_¿¢Â¶¦b¥Lªº¸£¤¤¡A¨Ò¦p¥Lªº¨rÀY¡Aµ}²¨ªº¤ò¾v¡A©Î¬O¬Ý°_¨Ó«ÜÁ¾®¥ªº»â±a¡A¹LÃPªº¦çª«µ¥µ¥¡CPrufrock¤]±`½èºÃ¦Û¤v¦³¨S¦³¨D·Rªº«i®ð¡G “Do I dare?” ©Î “Do I dare/ Disturb the universe¡H

¥»¸Öªº³õ´º¤j­P¤À¬°¤TºØ¡A¤@¬°¯î²Dªºµó´º¡A±µµÛ¬O¤@¨Ç«Ç¤ºªº³õ´º¡A¦³¤k¤Hªº¤âÁu¡A³Ü©@°Øªº¤H¡AÄl¤õµ¥µ¥¡A³Ì«á¬O®ü¡C¨C­Ó³õ´º³£¿EµoPrufrockªº©t±I·P¡A¹ï¥Í©Rªº»â²¤µ¥µ¥¡C¸Ö¸ÌÀYªº®æ¦¡¡A¨ìª«Å骺·N¶H³£¬O¯}¸Hªº¡AµM¦Ó·íPrufrock¬Ý¨ì©Î¬O·Q¨ì³o¨Ç·N¶H®É¡A¥Lªº²¨Â÷·PªoµM¦Ó¥Í¡A¥i¥H»¡¬O²Å¦X¦ã²¤¯S©Ò»¡ªºobjective correlative¡]¡u«ÈÆ[¹ïÀ³ª«¡v¡^ªºÆ[©À¡C

²³æªº¨Ó¬Ý¡A§Ú­Ì¥i¥H»¡Prufrock¥¿¦b¤@­Ó°l¯Á¦Û§Úªº®È³~ (quest)¡A¹³¦ý¤B¨º¼Ë¡]¥»¸Ö¤@¶}ÀYªº¤Þ¤å´N¤Þ¦Û¦ý¤B¡^¡C§Ú­Ì¥i¥H°²©wPrufrock¯uªº¥Xªù¤F¡A¤]¥i¥H¬Ý°µPrufrock¥u¤£¹L¬O¦b¤ß¤¤­ß·Q¨º¨Çµe­±¡C±q¤@¶}©lªº¤ÑªÅ¡A±µµÛPrufrock¹D¥X¤Fµó´ºªº¯î²D(“one-night cheap hotels”µ¥µ¥)¡A¦Ó³o¤]¬O²{¥N¥D¸q¤å¾Ç¤¤ªº¤@¤j¥DÃD¡C¦P®É¡APrufrock¤]¹ï®É¶¡ª½½u«e¶iªº·§©À°µ¥X¤F½èºÃ¡A§Ú­Ì¥i¥H¬Ý¨ì«e¬q¤£Â_­«½Æªº¡G “And indeed there will be time…There will be time, there will be time/To prepare a face to meet the faces that you meet/There will be time to murder and create”¡C§Ú­Ì¥i¥H²q·Q¡APrufrock¥¿¦b¥h³Q³X¤@­Ó¤k¤Hªº¸ô¤W¡A¥i¯à¬O¨º¨Ç¥¿¦b½Í½×¦Ì¶}­¦°òùªº¤k¤H­Ì¡] “In the room the women come and go/ Talking of Michelangelo.”¡^¡C

µM¦Ó¡A¥»¸Ö³Ì­«­nªº¥DÃD¤]À³·í¤£¬OPrufrock¯uªº¥Xªù¤F¨S¦³¡A©Î¬O¥L°l¨Dªº¤k¤H¬O½Ö¡C§Y¨Ï±q¸Ö¤¤¡A§Ú­Ì¬Ý¨ì³\¦h¤k¤Hªº·N¶H¡A¨Ò¦p¤k¤Hªº¤âÁu¤Î¦çª«µ¥µ¥¡A¥H¤Î¨ì³Ì«áPrufrock«è¹Ä®üÃ䪺¬ü¤H³½¤]¤£¹ï¥Lºq°Û:“I heard the mermaids singing, each to each//I do not think they will sing for me”¡A¥H¤Î¥L¨º¥y “Do I dare to eat a peach?”³£Åã¥ÜPrufrock ¦b°l¨D¤k¤l¤Wªº¤£¶êº¡¡A©Î¬Æ¦Ü¬O¥L©Ê¤W­±ªº®À±Ñ¡C¤j®aªº°ÝÃD³£¬O¡APrufrock¤@ª½¦b°Ýªº¨º­Ó “overwhelming question”¨ì©³¬°¦ó¡H¤@ºØ¸ÑŪ´N¬OPrufrock¹ï²{¥N©Ê(modernity)©Ò±a¨Óªº°g¥¢¡B®À§é¥H¤Î¤Û·ÀªººÃ°Ý¡C

§Ú­Ì¥ç¥i§âPrufrock¬Ý§@¦ò¬¥¨Ì¼wºë¯«¤ÀªR½×¸Ì¤T­Ó¼h­±ªº¸üÅé©Î¬OÄv§Þ³õ(arena)¡A§Y ¥»§Ú id¡A¦Û§Ú ego¡A¶W§Ú superego¡C¸Ö¤¤ªº»¡¸ÜªÌ(speaker)¡A “I” §Y¬O¦Û§Ú¡A¦Ó¸Ö¸ÌÀYªº “you” ¥i¥H¸ÑŪ¦¨¬O¶W§Ú¡F³Ì«á¬O³Q®I¸®ªº¥»§Ú¡A§Y»¡¸ÜªÌªº¼ç·NÃÑ¡C

¦b¸Öªº«áÀY¡APrufrock§â¦Û¤v¤ñ°µ«¢©i¹p¯S¡C²³æ¨Ó»¡¡A´N¬OPrufrock¦b»¡¥L¦Û¤v¨Ã¤£¦ü«¢©i¹p¯S¨º¼Ë¸ËºÆ¡AÁnºÙ¦Û¤v¨Ã¤£¬O­ÓºÆ¤H¡C³Ì¥½¡A “We have lingered in the chambers of the sea/ By sea girls wreathed with seaweed red and brown/Till human voices wake us, and we drown.” ¹D¥X¨ººØµL©`¥H¤ÎµLªk¸Ñ²æ¤§·P¡C

 

(¤G) The Waste Land ¡m¯î­ì¡n

 

     1922¦~¬O¤å¾Ç¥v¤W­«­nªº¤@¦~¡C¦¹¦~°£¤F¡m¯î­ì¡nªº°Ý¥@¤§¥~¡A¥H¦³³ì«s«äªº¡m¤×¨½¦è´µ¡n(Ulysses)¥Xª©¡C

     ¦ã²¤¯Sªº¡m¯î­ì¡n´X¥G¬O¤G¤Q¥@¬ö³Ì±`³Q°Q½×ªº¤@­º¸Ö¡C¦¹¸Ö«D±`ªº½ÆÂøÃø¸Ñ¡A¦]¦ã²¤¯S©ó¥»¸Ö¤¤¥Î¨å·¥¦h¡C¦³§¢¯S¬f¦C¬G¨Æ¶°(Canterbury Tales)¡A²ï¤h¤ñ¨È¡A¶øºû¼w(Ovid)¡A²ü°¨(Homer)¡Aº®¤H°ê¤ý(Fisher King)ªº¬G¨Æ¡A¥H¤Î¤@¨Ç¨ä¥L¦L«×©Î¦ò±Ðªº¬G¨Æ¡C¦ý¦³¤@ÂI¯S®íªº¬O¡A¥»¸Ö¥Î¨å©TµM¦h¡A¦ý¦ã²¤¯S«o¤]¦b¨ä¤¤¥Î¤F¤@¨Ç¤f»y¥H¤Î¥ÁÁÁ¡A¨Ï±o¥»¸Öªº»y¨¥§ó¬°Â×´I¡C¦ã²¤¯S´¿¦b¦Û¤vªº½×¤å Ulysses, Order, and Myth¸ÌÀY´¿´£¤Î³ì«s«äªºUlysses¹ï¥L³Ð§@¡m¯î­ì¡n®Éªº¼vÅT¬°¡u¾Þ±±¤@­Ó¥j¨å»P·í¥Nªº³sÄò©Ê¥­¦æÃö«Y¡v (“in manipulating a continuous parallel between contemporary and antique”)¡C³ì«s«ä¦bUlysses¤¤´N¬O±N®Ñ¤¤¥D¨¤»P¯«¸Ü¶Ç»¡¸Ìªº¤×¨½¦è´µ¤ý§@¥­¦æ¹ï·Ó¡A§â¤×¨½¦è´µ¤ýªºªð®a¤§®È»P¤@­Ó²{¥N¤H¤@¤Ñªº¥Í¬¡§@¥­¦æ¹ï·Ó¡C

¦b¦ã²¤¯S¦Û¤vªºµù¸Ñ¸Ì¡A¥Lµ¹¤FŪªÌ¤@¨Ç´£¥Ü¡C¡m¯î­ì¡n³o­º¸Ö¤j­P¤W¶µÛº®¤H°ê¤ý(The Fisher King)ªº¶Ç»¡¡C¡Õº®¤H°ê¤ý¡Ö¬O¨È·æ¤ý¶Ç©_¤¤ªº¤@«h¡A¦Óº®¤H°ê¤ý¬O¨È·æ¤ý¬G¨Æ¸Ì¡A³Ì«á¤@­Ó¦uÅ@µÛ¸tªM(Holy Grail)ªº¤H¡Cº®¤H°ê¤ý¬O­Ó¶Ë´Ý¡A¦æ°Ê¤£«K¡A©ÊµL¯àªº°ê¤ý¡C¦Ó°ê¤ý´G®zµ¹¥Lªº°ê¤g±a¨Ó°®§ò¤Î¯î¿¾¡C´«¥y¸Ü»¡¡A°ê¤gªºÁcºa»P§_¡A»P°ê¤ýªº¥Í¨|¯à¤O®§®§¬ÛÃö¡C¦p­è©Ò´£¡Aº®¤H°ê¤ý¬O¬°¸tªMªº¦uÅ@ªÌ¡A¸tªM³q±`³Q»{¬°¬O¸t¥Àªº¤l®c¡A¥Nªí¥¥¨|ªº¯à¤O¡]¤]¬O¤@ºØ©Ê¶H¼x¡^¡C

­º¥ý¡A¡m¯î­ì¡n¤@¸Ö¥i»¡¬O¹ï©ó²{¥N¥Í¬¡¤§³h½CµL¥Í¨|¤O©Ò±a¨Óªº®{³ÒµL¯qªºÄþ³d¡C¥»¸Ö¿í´`µÛ¤@ºØ¦Û¥j¥H¨Ó´N¦s¦bªº¼Ò¦¡¡G¦º¤`¥H¤Î´_µdªº´`Àô¡A¦Ó³o­Ó´`Àô¦s¦b³o¤@ºØÂ_¨¥¡A§Y§Ú­Ì¬¡µÛªº®É¥N¸ûÁÍ©óÄ@·N»P¦º¤`§´¨ó¡A¦Ó«D±µ¨ü·s®É¥N©Ò±a¨Óªº¬D¾Ô¡C

¡m¯î­ì¡n¤@¸Ö±N¸ÌÀYªº¯«¸Ü¦¨¥\ªº¹B¥Î©ó¸Ö¤¤¦Û¨­ªº¥DÃD¤¤¡C­è©Ò´£ªº¨ü³Ð¤S©ÊµL¯àªº°ê¤ý¥i»¡¬O²{¥N®É´Á¤H­Ì¹ï°ò·þ«H¥õªº±Y¸Ñ¡A·íµM¤£¬O¥u¦³¹ï°ò·þ«H¥õªº±Y¸Ñ¦Ó¤w¡A¤@¤Á©T¦³ªº«H¥õ«H©À³£ÁÍ©ó¼ì´²¡C¦AªÌ¡A¥»¸Ö¤]»P¤@¬qµLÃö¥G®É¶¡©Êªºµh·¡©IÀ³¡A§Y­C¿q¨üÃø¤é(Good Friday)»P´_¬¡¸`(Easter)¤§¶¡¡G¤@¬q¹ï©ó­«¥Í»P´_µd©êµÛ¹ý©³µ´±æ¤ß²zªº®É¥ú¡C

§Þ³N¤W¡A¡m¯î­ì¡n¤@¸Öªº·N¶H«D±`ªº»X¤Ó©_(montage)¡A§Y¹B¥Î¦UºØ¹Ï¹³¡B¨å«¬¡B¶H¼x¨Ó°µ«÷¶K(collage/pastiche)¡C³o§Y¬O²{¥N¥D¸q¡]¥H¤Î«á²{¥N¥D¸q¡^©ÒÁ¿ªº¯}¸H·P(fragmentation) ¡C¦¹§Þªk¨Ï¦U±µ¿æ¦Ó¨Óªº·N¶H¦p¤@­Ó¤@­ÓµuÃèÀY¡A¦Ó¨C­Óµe­±³£¨Ï±o¥DÃD§ó¥[©úÅã¡C¦¹§Þªk¤]¥i»¡¬O­n¬ð¯}¤H­Ì¹ï»y¨¥ªº¶Ç²Î¬Ýªk¡Aªí²{¥X§Y¨Ï¨º¨Ç·N¶H¡B¥y¤l¡B¹Ï¹³¬Ý¦ü¤£¦XÅÞ¿è¡A¦ý«o¤´¯à¦³®Ä²v¥BÅý¤H¦³¦L¶H¦aªí¹F¥X¸Ö¤¤ªº·N¸q¡C

¥»¸Ö¦@¤À¬°¤­­Ó³¹¸`¡AI. <¦ºµÛªº¸®Â§>  II. <´Ñ§½>  III. <¤õªº§G¹D>  VI. <·ÄÀÅ> V. <¹p¤ª>¡C

 

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¡u¥Ñ©ó§Ú´¿¦b¥j¦Ì(Cumae)¥Ø¸@¦è¤ñº¸¦Q¦º©óÅ¢¤¤¡C¦Ó·í²³¨k«Ä°Ý¦o¡G¦è¤ñº¸¡A§A­nªº¨s³º¬°¦ó©O¡H®É¡A¦o¦^µª¡G¡y§Ú±ý¨D¤@¦º¡C¡z¡v

“For once I myself saw with my own eyes the Sibyl at Cumae hanging in a cage, and when the boys said to her ‘Sibyl, what do you want?' she replied, ‘I want to die.'”

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I.                   The Burial of the Dead <¦ºµÛªº¸®Â§>

 

¥»³¹¸`ªº¤@¶}©l: “April is the cruelest month, breeding/Lilacs out of the dead land, mixing/ Memory and desire, stirring/ Dull roots with spring rain.”«K´N©IÀ³¤F¦¹¸Öªº¤@¤j¥DÃD¡A®É¶¡´`Àô¤£®§ªºµL©`¡C¥»³¹¤j­P¥i¤À¬°¥|­Ó¤p¬q¸¨¡A¤@¡G¤@¦ì¶Q±Ú¤k¤H¦^·Qµ£¦~¡A¨Ã§â¨ä«äºü»P©u¸`ªºÅܤƿÄÅ|¦b¤@°_¡C¤G¡G¤@­Ó¨ì¯î­ìªº¥ýª¾¥B¤Ñ±Ò/¥½¤é(apocalyptic)©ÊªºÁܽСA¦Ó¦b³o­Ó¯î­ì¤¤¡A»¡¸ÜªÌ§i¶DŪªÌ¡]©Î¬O»¡¡AÅ¥²³¡^: “And I will show you something different from either/ Your shadow at morning striding behind you/ Or your shadow at evening rising to meet you;/ I will show you fear in a handful of dust.”³Ì«á³o¥y¤¤ªº “a handful of dust”·½¦Û¦è¤ñº¸¡]Sibyl¡^ªº¶Ç»¡¡A«üªº¬O¹ï¤£Â_¦Ñ¤Æ«o¨D¦º¤£±oªº®£Äß¡A¤]¬O¦b©IÀ³«e¨¥¡C³o¬qÃö©óµ£¦~ªº¦^·Q¡A»¡¸ÜªÌ¹J¨ì¤F¤@­Óµ¹¤H­·«H¤lªº¤k«Ä¡A±µµÛ»¡¸ÜªÌ¤S»¡: “…I was neither/ Living nor dead, and I knew nothing,/ Looking into the heart of light, the silence.”¬O¬°¤@ºØ¹ïµêµLªº¹y®©¡C

 

²Ä¤T³¡¤À¬°¤@³õ¶ðùµP¡A¤£¹L¨ä¤¤¦³¨ÇµP¬O¦ã²¤¯S¦Û³Ðªº¡C³Ì«á²Ä¥|³¡¤À¬O¤@¬q¹ï«°´º¶W¼g¹êªº®Ñ¼g¡C “Unreal City,/ Under the brown fog of a winter dawn, A crowd flowed over London Bridge so many,/ Sighs, short and infrequent, were exhaled…”³o´X¥y¸Ö§â­Û´°ªºµó´º¨è¹º¬°¥Rº¡°­»î¦º¤Hªºµó¹D¡C·íµM¡A¥»¸Ö¨Ã¤£¬O²áÂN»x²§¡A¸Ö¤¤ªº°­»î¨Ã¤£¬O¯uªº°­¾y¡A¦Ó¬O«ü²{¥N¤H¦æ¨«©ó«°¥«¶¡¦³¦p¦æ«Í¨«¦×¡C±µµÛ: “Flowed up the hill and down King William Street,/ To Where Saint Mary Woolnoth kept the hours/ With a dead sound on the final stroke of nine, …”¼gªº¬O¹ï®É¶¡ªº°õ°g¡A³Q®É¶¡ªº¸TÀD¡CµLªk°k²æ©ó®É¶¡¤@ª½¬O²{¥N¥D¸q¤å¾Ç¤¤ªº¤@¤j¥DÃD¡A¥îº¸ªÜ(Virginia Woolf)ªº¡mÀ¹¬¥ºû¤Ò¤H¡n(Mrs. Dallaway)¸Ì¥ç¦³Ãþ¦üªº³õ´º¡C

 

II.                A Game of Chess <´Ñ§½>

 

<´Ñ§½>¸ÌÀY¦³¨â­Ó¹ï¥ß¥B©ö©ó¤À¿ëªº³õ´º¡A¤À§O±Ô­z¨â¦ìªÀ·|¦a¦ì¤@°ª¤@§Cªº¤k¤H¡C«e¬q¬O¤@¦ìºë¯«°I®zªº¶Q±Ú¤k¤l¡A¸m¨­©ó¦Û¤vµØÄRªº®a¤¤¡Aµ¥«ÝµÛ·R¤HªºÂk¨Ó¡C¦bµ¥«ÝµÛªº®É­Ô¡A³o¦W¤k¤lªººë¯«·UÁͯӮz¡A¦Ó²×¦Üµo¨g¡A«K¤a¦Û­úª_¡C¦Ó¤k¤l©Ò¯à·Q±o¨ìªº¸Ñ²æ¤§ªk´N¬O¨Ó¤p¤p®È¦æ¤@³õ¡A©Î¬O¤U¤@³õ´Ñ¡C

 

±µµÛ³õ´ºÂà´«¨ìªÀ·|¦a¦ì¸û§Cªº¤k¤l¡C¸Ó¤k¤l»P¥t¤@¦W¤k¤l¦b­Û´°¤@°s§a²á¤Ñ¡C±q¦o­Ìªº¹ï¸Ü¡A§Ú­Ì¥i¥H¬Ý¨ì¦o­Ìªº»y¨¥¬O²Ê«Uªº¡C¦b°s«O¤£Â_ªº “HURRY UP PLEASE ITS TIME” ¶Ê«PÁn¤¤¡A»¡¸ÜªÌ¦V¥t¤@¤k¤l½Í°_¤@¦ì¥s§@Lilªº¤k¤H¡C§Ú­Ì¥i¥H±oª¾¡ALilªº¥ý¥Í ¡AAlbert¡A³Q­x¤¤¸Ñ°£­xÄy¡A»¡¸ÜªÌ¥sLil­n¥h¾ã¤ú¡A¦]¬°¦Ñ¤½­n¦^¨Ó¤F±oÅé­±ÂI¡A¤£­n§â¦Û¤v·d±oÁण©Ô¼Tªº¡A§_«h¦Ñ¤½­n¥h§ä§Oªº¤k¤H¤F( “make yourself a it smart./ He'll want to know what done with that money he gave you/ To get yourself some teeth.”)¡CLil«hÅG¸Ñ»¡¦oªº¥~ªí·|¦p¦¹¯T¯V³£¬O¦]¬°¦Y¤F¼Z­LÃĪºÃö«Y¡] “It's  them pills I took, to bring it off, she said”¡^¡CLil¬°¤FAlbert¥H¼Z¤F¤­­Ó¤p«Ä¡A¤]¤£Ä@·N¦A¸òAlbert¥Í¤p«Ä¡A¦ýLilªí¥Ü¥L “won't leave [her] alone”¡C»¡¸ÜªÌ¦bÂ÷¶}®É¥ç¹ï¤j®a°µ¤F§i§O¡A¹³²ï¯Îªº¡m«¢©i¹p¯S¡n¤¤ªºOphelia¨º¼Ë¡C

 

¦b<´Ñ§½¤¤>§Ú­Ì¥i¥Hµo²{¸ÌÀY¨â¬qªº¹ï¥ß«D±`ÂA©ú¡C«e¬q¨º¦ì°ª¶Q¤k¤Hªº³¡¥÷¡A»y¨¥¦ÛµM¤ñ¸û°ª¶®¡A¥Î¨å¤]¦h¡C¤Ï¤§¡A°s§a¤¤¤k¤Hªº¹ï¸Ü¡A¬Û¸û¤§¤U¡A²¤Åã²Ê«U¡C§Ú­Ì¥ç¥iµo²{³o¬q¸ÌÀY´X¥G¨S¦³¥Î¨å¡A¥B«D±`ªº¤f»y¡F ¬Æ¦Ü¡A§Ú­Ì¥i¥H¦b¸ÌÀY¬Ý¨ì³\¦h “she said” ©Î¬O “I said”¡C¦ý¤£Â_¨Ï¥Îªº “she said”»P “I said”Åý¸Ö°á¨Ó§óÃôÃò¦³¤O¡A¥i¿×¦ã²¤¯S¤@¤j³ÐÁ|¡C¦AªÌ¡A³o¨â¬q³£Åã²{¥XµL½×¨­¤À¦a¦ìªº°ª§C¡A³o¨Ç¤k¤H¹ï©ó¤H¥Íªº¶êº¡¡A©Î¬Æ¦Ü¬O©Ê¡Aªº°l¨D³£¬O®{³ÒµL¥\ªº¡C

 

III.             The Fire Sermon <¤õªº§G¹D>

 

¦¹¬q¬O¡m¯î­ì¡n¤¤³Ìªøªº¤@¬q¡C¨ä¦W·½¦Û¦òªû§G¹Dªº¬G¨Æ¡A¦òªû¹ªÀy¥Lªº°lÀHªÌ±Ë±ó¹Ð¥@¶¡ªºÅw´r¡C¦¹³¹¸`¥Ñ¤@­Ó¯î¿¾Å¼¶Ãªºªe¹D§@¶}³õ¡A¦A¦¸Åã²{¥X²{¥N³£¥«ªº¯î²D·P¡C»¡¸ÜªÌ³Q©U§£»P¦Ñ¹«Àô¶µÛ¡C³o¬q¸Ì¡uªe¤§ºq¡v¥X²{¡A±µµÛ¤S¥X²{¨ä¥¦ºq¦±¡C»¡¸ÜªÌ¦b¸ô¤W¹J¨ì¥Ö±ø«È Mr. Eugenides¡C»¡¸ÜªÌ³Q±a¨ì¤@­Ó¥H¦P©ÊÅÊ»E·|¦Óª¾¦Wªº®È©±¡C¦P®É¡A»¡¸ÜªÌÁnºÙ¦Û¤v¬OTiresias¡A¤@­Ó»Û¶¯¦PÅé¡B½M²´¡B¾Ö¦³°®Ã§¤k¤H¨Å©Ðªº¦Ñ¨k¤Hªº¯«¸Ü¬G¨Æ¤Hª«¡CTiresias§Y¨Ï½M²´¡A¦ý¤´¯à ¡u¬Ý¨£¡v¥¼¨Ó¡C¥L»¡¥L¬Ý¨ì¤@­Ó¤k¥´¦r­û¦bµ¥µÛ¥Lªº±¡¤H¦^¨Ó¡A¦Ó¦oªº±¡¤H¨ä»ª¤£´­¡Aº¡Áy°s¨ëµkµk¡C¤k¥´¦r­ûªº±¡¤H»P¤§¨DÅw¡A¤k¥´¦r­û¼Å­l¤F¨Æ«á·Pı¨ì¸Ñ²æ¡C¦P®ÉTiresiasÁnºÙ¦Û¤v¦­¤w´£¦­¨ü¹L³oºØ­WÃø¤F¡]«j«j±j±jªº©Ê·R¡^¡C±µµÛ¡A³õ´º«Ý¨ì¤@¶¡º®¤H°s§a¡A¦A¨ì¤@¶¡±Ð°óªº¤º³¡¡A³Ì«á¬O®õ­ø¤hªe¡C³õ´º±µ¤U¨Ó¤S´«¨ì¥ì§Q²ï¥Õ¤k¤ý»PµÜ´µ¯Sªº·R±¡¬G¨Æ¡C¥ì§Q²ï¥Õ¤k¤ý¹ïµÜ´µ¯Sªº·R¨S¤Ó¤jªº¤ÏÀ³¡A¨ÃÁnºÙ: “I made no comment. What should I resent?” ¦³ÂI¬ð¤aªº¡A¦¹¬q¥½¥H¸t¶ø¥j´µ³£ªº¡m§i¸Ñ¡n¨Ó©IÀ³¦òªûªº§G¹D¡C³Ì«á¤S¦³¦p©G»y¯ëªº “Burning burning burning burning”µ²§ô¡C

 

¥»¬q¥ç¬O­nªí²{¦P¼Ëªº¥DÃD¡A®{³ÒµL¯q¤§·P (futility)¡C¦¹¬q³z¹L¹ï¥F¨ýªº©Ê·Rªº´y­z¡A¬Æ¦Ü¬O©Êªº¤£¶êº¡¡A¨Óªí¹F¤H­Ìªº®{³Ò·P¡C§Þ³N¤W¤]¦p«e­±¨â¬q¬Û¦ü¡A¥Î³\¦h¯}¸Hªº·N¶H¨Óªí²{¥X°ª«×ªºÃÀ³N¡C¤×¨ä¦¹¬q¤¤¦³³\¦hºq¦±¥H¤ÎµL·N¸qªºÅm»y¬ï´¡¨ä¤¤¡C¦Ó³Ì«áªºburning¤]¥i¥H¬Ý¦¨¬O«ùÄò¿U¿Nªº¼¤±æ¡A§Y¨Ï©úª¾¹D°l¨D¼¤±æªºº¡¨¬²×¨s¬O®{³Òªº¡A¦ý¼¤¤õ«o¤£´¿º¶·À¹L¡C

 

IV.             Death by Water <·ÄÀÅ>

 

¦¹¬q¬O¥»¸Ö¤¤³Ìµuªº¤@­Ó³¹¸`¡C¤º®e«D±`²³æ¡A§Y¦b´y­z¤@¦ì·Ä¦º©ó¤ô¤¤ªº¨k¤l¡APhlebas the Phoenicianªº¬G¨Æ¡C¥L¦b¦º¤`¤¤§Ñ«o¤F¦Û¤v«ÍÅé·|³Q¤ô¤¤ªº¥Íª«¦Y±¼¡C

 

³o¬q¸Ö¤º®e¬Ý¦ü²³æ¡A¦ý¦ã²¤¯Sªº¦w±Æ«o·¥¨ã¥©«ä¡C­º¥ý¡A<·ÄÀÅ>¥¿¬O¦b©IÀ³²Ä¤@³¹<¦ºµÛªº¸®Â§>¸ÌMrs. Sosostris©Ò©â¥Xªº¶ðùµP¡A¤@­Ó·ÄÀŪº¤h§L¡C¤S¡A¤ô¡]©Î¬O®ü¡^¬O¦ã²¤¯S¸Ö¤¤·¥­«­nªº¶H¼x¡A¥NªíµÛ©Ê¡B¥¥¨|¡B­«¥Í¡B¼¤±æ¥H¤Î¦º¡C¦Ó¥»³¹¸`¤¤ªº¨k¤l¡A©ó¤ô¤¤¡A¬O¯Â¯Âºéºé¦a¦º¥h¤F¡C

 

V.                What the Thunder Said <¹p¤ª>

 

¦¹³¡¥÷¬°¡m¯î­ì¡nªº³Ì«á¤@­Ó³¹¸`¡C´N·N¶H¤W»P¼@±¡¤W¨Ó»¡¡A¥i¿×¬O³Ì«áªº°ª¼é¡C¦b¦¹³¹¸`¡A¦³­Ó¥½¤é啓¥Ü¯ëªº°ª¼éµo¥Í¡C¥»¸`ªº¤@¶}ÀY´N´y­z¤F­C¿qªº¨üÃø¡G “He who was living now dead/ We who were living are now dying/ With a little Patience” ¹D¥X´¿¸g¬¡µÛªº¤H¦p¤µ¦º¤F¡A¦Ó¥¿¦b¬¡µÛªº¤H¥ç««¦º¤¤¡A¥B¦b³o¹Lµ{§Ú­Ì³£»Ý­n¤@¨Ç­@©Ê¡C¦b¸Ö¤¤¡A¥½¤é¯ëªº´º¶H¥X²{¡G “Who are those hooded hordes swarming/Over endless plains, stumbling in cracked earth.”¨ü­W¨üÃøªº¤H­Ì¦¨¬°»X­±ªÌ©ó¸ô¤Wº©¹C¡C±µµÛ¡A³o¨Ç»X­±ªºº©¹CªÌ¨ì¤F “What is the city over the mountains/Cracks and reforms and bursts in the violet air? Falling towers? Jerusalem Athens Alexandria/ Vienna London/ Unreal” ¸Ö¤¤ªº “Unreal City” ¦A«×¥X²{¡C¤S¡A³o¨Ç©ó«°¥«¤¤ªºº©¹CªÌ¦p°­»î¤@¯ë¡A¤£¨ü¦a°ìªº­­¨î¡A¨ì¹F¥ô¦ó«°¥«¡C

 

±µ¤U¨Ó»¡¸ÜªÌ¶}©l±Ô­z¤@­Ó¥j¦Ñ´Ý¯}ªº¤j±Ð°ó¡A¦Ó³o­Ó¤j±Ð°ó¥¿¬O¸t¬×¶Ç»¡¸Ìªº¤j±Ð°ó¡C¤j±Ð°óªº¼Ë»ª¬Ý¨Ó»á¸ÞÃÔ¡A¥ý»¡¤@­Ó¤k¤H¦b¨º­Ó¤j±Ð°ó¤§¤W¡A±N¦Û¤vªº¯Q¶Âªø¾v©Ôª½¡A±µµÛ¶}©l¼·©¶¼uµ^( “A woman drew her long black hair out tight/ And fiddled whisper music on these strings/And bats with baby faces in the violet light/Whistled, and beat their wings/And crawled head downward down a blackened wall/ And upside down in are were towers/ Tolling reminiscent bells, that kept the hours/And voices singing out of empty cisterns and exhausted wells.”) ¦Ó¦b·w¥ú¤¤®¶¯Í­¸¦æªº¬O ¡u±aµÛÀ¦«ÄÁyÃe¡vªº½¿½»¡C¸Ö¤¤¤]¹ï¤j±Ð°óªº´Ý¯}¦h©ÒµÛ¾¥¡C±µµÛ¦³°¦¥¿¦b«Î³»¤W³Ú¥sªº¯Q¾~: “Only a cock stood on the rooftree/ Co co rico co co rico/ In a flash of lightening. Then a damp gust/ Bringing rain”¯Q¾~³Ú§¹«á¡A¨Óªº«K¬O¹p¡A³õ´ºÂà´«¨ì«íªe¡C

 

¦ã²¤¯S¦Û¦L«×¹w¨¥¤Þ¥Î¹pÅT¦p§G¹DªºÆ[©À¡C¦Ó¤TÁn¹pÅT “Datta. Dyadhvam. Damyata”¤À§O¥Nªí ¬I¤©(give)¡B¦³¦P²z¤ß (sympathize)¡A¥H¤Î±±¨î¼¤©À(control)¡C»¡¸ÜªÌ¹ï¨CÁn¹pÁn«ä¯Á¡A¦Ó¬ï´¡ªº¦³¥¿¦b³¨³½¡A±ý­«¾ã°ê¤gªºº®¤H°ê¤ý¡]¨ä¹ê¨Ã¤£¬O¯u¥¿º®¤H°ê¤ý¡A¦Ó¬Oº®¤H°ê¤ýªº·N¶H¡^¡C¦b³o³Ì«á¤@³¹¸`¡A¡m¯î­ì¡nªº§ÀÁn¡A¦ã²¤¯S¦A«×¥[¤J³\¦h¬Ý¦üµL·N¸qªººq¦±¬ï´¡¨ä¤¤¡A±q¨àºq¡B¦ý¤B¡B¥ì§Q²ï¥Õ¼@¡B¨ì³Ì«á¦L«×¶ø¸q®Ñ¸Ìªºµ²»y¡GShantih  shantih  shantih  shantih” ¡C¦ã²¤¯S©ó¦Û¤vªºµù¸Ñ¤¤±N¤§Â½Ä¶¦¨ “The Peace which passeth understanding.”¥Nªíªº¬O¤@ºØ«í±`ªº©ñ±ó¡C¥Ñ³o­Óµ²§À¡A§Ú­Ì¥i¥H»¡¦ã²¤¯Sµ¹»P²{¥N¥@¬É¨Ç³\ªº§Æ±æ¡A»{¬°¦A±q¦º±I¤¤´_µd¨Ã«D¥þµL¥i¯à¡]¦ý¦P®É¡A®{³ÒµL¯q·P«o¥¼¹ý©³®ø°£¡^¡C

 

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°Ñ¦Ò¤åÄm»Pºô¯¸

History of English Literature 1837 to the Present. Day, Martin S. Taipei: Bookman Books, 1996

The Norton Anthology of English Literature 6th ed.  Vol 2.  M.H. Abrams, General Ed.  New York: Norton, 1993.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Love_Song_of_J._Alfred_Prufrock

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Waste_Land

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisher_King

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

               

    

 

 

 

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