¤å¾Ç§åµû­º­¶   /  Psychology ¤ß²z¬ã¨s  /  ²z½×®a  /  Jacques  Lacan  ¸ë§J¡D©Ô©£
Jacques  Lacan
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¸ê®Æ´£¨ÑªÌ¡GKate Liu/¼B¬ö¶²; Joe Hsieh/Áª@¦ö
ÃöÁä¦rµü¡GLack; Mirror Stage

Joe Hsieh

March 5, 2010

 

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(Jacques Lacan)

 

©Ô©£ (Jacques-Marie-Émile Lacan) 1901¦~¥|¤ë¤Q¤T¤é¥Í©ó¤Ú¾¤¡A1981¦~¤E¤ë¤E¤é¨ò©ó¤Ú¾¤¡C¤j¥b½ú¤lÄm¨­©ó¾Ç³N¬ã¨s¡A¤×¨ä¥H1953¦~¶}©lªº¬ã°Q·|(seminar)³Ì¬°µÛ¦W¡A¨C¦~Á¿ÃD¤£¦P¡A¼s¨ü¦nµû¡C«á¨ÓÂǥѪB¤Í©M¾Ç¥Íªº¾ã²z¡A¥Xª©¦¨¬°¼Æ²³¦hªº¤å¶°¡A¿ò¯d«á¥@¬Û·íÂ×´Iªº¾Ç³N«ä·Q¡C

±q¤j¾Ç¶}©l§ðŪÂå¾Ç¡A©ó1932¦~§¹¦¨³Õ¤h½×¤å¡m½×°¾°õ¨g¯fºA¤ß²z¤Î¨ä»P¤H®æªºÃö«Y¡n(De la Psychose paranoiaque dans ses rapports avec la personnalité (On paranoiac psychosis in its relations to the [paranoiac] personality)¡A¦¹®ÉµÛ§@¶qÂ׺ӡA±`§ë½Z¦U³ø¥ZÂø»x¡A¨Ã©ó³\¦h¤ß²z¾Ç¬ã¨s¨ó·|¬Û·í¬¡Ä£¡C¨äµÛ¦Wªº¡uÃè¹³²z½×¡v(mirror stage)´N¬O¦b1936¦~§¹¦¨¡A¦ý·í®É¨Ã¥¼¦³¾÷·|µoªí¡Aª½¨ì«á¨Ó¤~¦³¾÷·|ÅýŪªÌ±µÄ²¡C³o®É­Ôªº©Ô©£¦h¤è¯AÂy¡AIJ¤Î»â°ì¥]¬A¶Â®æº¸(Hegel)¡B®ü¼w®æº¸(Heidegger)¡B¥ËÀs(Henri Wallon)¡BÁÙ¦³¹ï¥L¼vÅT¬Æ¹dªº¯Áºüº¸(Ferdinand de Sassure)µ¥µ¥¡A³o¨Ç¾Ç²ß¹Lµ{¬°¨ä«á¨Óªº²z½×¥´¤U«D±`²`«pªº°ò¦¡C

©Ô©£ªº¾Ç³N¥Í²P¤¤³Ì¤jªi§é´N¬O¦bªk°ê´X­Ó¤ß²z¾Ç¨ó·|¤§¶¡ªºÂà´«¡A¹Lµ{¦±§é¡C­º¥ý¬O¡u¤Ú¾¤ºë¯«¤ÀªR¾Ç·|¡v(Société Psychoanalytique de Paris [SPP])¡A1940¦~­ì¥»¦]²Ä¤G¦¸¥@¬É¤j¾Ô¦Ó¤äÂ÷¯}¸H¡A«á¨Ó¾Ç¬É¦³¼vÅT¤Oªº¤H­û³vº¥¦^¨ì¤Ú¾¤¡A¬¡°Ê¤S­«·sÅܱo©ô²±¡A´Á¥Z¦p«B«á¬Kµ«¯ë¥X²{¡A¦Ó©Ô©£ªºµÛ§@¤]¦]¦¹³vº¥¹ñÅSÀY¨¤¡C«á¨Ó¡A¨ü±À¿ï¦Ó¾á¥ô¾Ç·|¤¤¬Û·í­«­nªºÂ¾°È¡A¦ý·í®É¤H¼Æ²³¦h¡A·N¨£¤Àª[¡A©¼¦¹¤Ä¤ß°«¨¤¡A¾ã­Ó¾Ç·|¦V¤ß¤OÁ¡®z¡C¦]¦¹©ó1953¦~»¼¥XÃã§e¡A´X¶g¤§«á¦P´X¦ì¦n¤Í¦¨¥ß¡uªk°êºë¯«¤ÀªR¾Ç·|¡v(Société Française de Psychanalyse [SFP])¡A»P­ì¥»ªº¤Ú¾¤ºë¯«¤ÀªR¾Ç·|§Î¦¨¹ï¥ß¡C

¦P¦~¡A¥Lªº¡u¬ã°Q·|¡v¤]¥¿¦¡Á|¿ì¡A§l¤Þ³\¦h¤H°Ñ¥[¡Aº¸«á¤£¤Ö­«­n·§©À³£¬O¥Ñ³o­ÓºÞ¹D¹ï¥~µoªí¡C¦¹®É¥Lªº¾Ç³N¥D±i¬O¡u¦^¨ì¦ò¬¥¥ì¼w¡v¡A»{¬°­n­«·sŪ¹L«e¤H¸g¨å§@«~¡A­«¾ãºë¯«¤ÀªRªº°ò¥»·§©À¡A¦A¸g¥Ñ¦Û¤v©Ò¾Ç¡A¶}ÅP¤@±ø·sªº¹D¸ô¡C«á¨Ó¬ã°Q·|ªºÅ¥²³¶V¨Ó¶V¦h¡A¦Ó¥L¦W®ð¶V¨Ó¶V¤j¡A©ó¬O³vº¥§Î¦¨¤@ºØ­Ó¤H­·®æ¡C¦ý³oºØ­·®æ¶V¨Ó¶V°¾Â÷­ì¥»ªk°êºë¯«¤ÀªR¾Ç·|ªºªì°J¡A©ó¬O¬°©Ô©£«á¨Ó»P¸Ó¾Ç·|ªº¯Éª§®I¤U¥ñµ§¡C1961¦~¡Aªk°êºë¯«¤ÀªR¾Ç·|¬°¤F°Ñ»P¡u°ê»Úºë¯«¤ÀªR¾Ç¨ó·|¡v(International Psychoanalytical Association)¡A³Q­¢³B²z¤º³¡¤À¤Æ°ÝÃD¡A¤]´N¬O±Æ°£¾Ç³N¤è¦V»P¾Ç·|©v¦®¤£²Åªº·|­û¡A©Ô©£¤]¦W¦C¨ä¤¤¡C«á¨ÓªG¯u´N³Q¾Ç·|°£¦W¡C

¤§«á¸g¹L´Xµfªi§é¡A©Ô©£1964¦~»P°lÀHªÌ¦¨¥ß¤F¡u¤Ú¾¤¦ò¬¥¥ì¼w¾Ç¬£¡v(École Freudienne de Paris [EFP])¡A¸Ó¾Ç¬£¥i»¡¬O§¹§¹¥þ¥þÄÝ©ó©Ô©£¡A´X¥G´Nµ¥¦P¡u©Ô©£¾Ç¬£¡v¤@¯ë¡C¡u¬ã°Q·|¡v¤S«ùÄò¤F¤@¬q®É¶¡¡A¾¨ºÞ±ß¦~ªº©Ô©£Åé¤Oº¥°I¡A¦æ¨Æ¤]º¥ÁÍ«O¦u¡A­è´p¦Û¥Î¡A¾É­P³\¦h¥ë¦ñÂ÷¶}¡A¦ý©Ô©£ªº¾Ç³N¦¨´N¨ÌµMÀéÄê¡A¤ä«ùªÌ²³¦h¡C1966¦~¥Xª©¡m¤å¿ï¡n(Écrits)¡A¾ã²z¤F©Ô©£¤T¤Q¦~¥H¨Óªº©Ò¦³­«­nÆ[©À¡A¾¨ºÞ¼g§@­·®æÁ}ÀßÃøÀ´¡A¦ý¦b·í®É¾Ç¬ÉÁÙ¬O±È°_¤@ªÑ¼ö¼é¡C¤§«á©Ô©£¦b¾Ç¬É¤£Â_¥I¥X¡A¤]«ùÄò¦b¬ã°Q·|¤¤¹ï¾Ç¥Í¶i¦æºtÁ¿¡A³oªÑ¼ö±¡¤@ª½¨ì1981¦~¡A¦]¬°âf¸¨¤~³Q­¢¤¤¤î¡C

        ©Ô©£ªº«ä·QÅé¨t·¥¬°Ãe¤j½ÆÂø¡A¥H¤U¶È¤¶²Ð´X¶µµÛ¦WÆ[©À¡G¥L¦b1936¦~¥¥¨|¥XªºÃè¹³²z½×(Mirror Stage)¡A¤Î»P¨ä±K¤Á¬ÛÃöªº¤T­Ó·§©À¡G·Q¹³(the Imaginary)¡B¶H¼x(the Symbolic)¡B¯u¹ê(the Real)¡C¥t¥~¡A¬°ÁקKªì¾ÇªÌ²V²c¡A¦b¦¹¬Ù²¤»P¨ä¥L·§©À¥æ¿ù³sµ²¤§³B¡A¨Ò¦p¯u¹ê(the Real)ªº·§©À»P¼¤±æ(desire)©M»Ý¨D(demand)¥i»¡¬Oºòºò¬Û³s¡A¦ý­Y­n¸ÑÄÀ²M·¡¡A«D±o¥tÅPæ¤g¡Aªá¤W§óªøªº½g´T¡C¦]¦¹¥»½g¥u»EµJ¦b³o¥|­Ó·§©À¡C

 

Ãè¹³¶¥¬q (the Mirror Stage)

·Q¹³ (the Imaginary)

¶H¼x (the Symbolic)

¯u¹ê (the Real)

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Ãè¹³¶¥¬q (the Mirror Stage)

¡uÃè¹³¶¥¬q¡v¥D­n¬O«ü«Äµ£³z¹LÃè¹³²£¥Í¦Û§Ú»{¦Pªº®É´Á¡A¬ù²öµo¥Í©óÀ¦¨à¤Q¤K­Ó¤ë¤j¡A¦Ü¥®µ£¤»·³¥H«e (Glowinski et al. 114)¡C¦b«eÃè¹³®É´Á¡A¦Û§Ú»{ÃѤäÂ÷¯}¸H¡A¨Ã¡u¤£§¹¾ã¡v¡F³o¸Ìªº¡u§¹¾ã¡v«üªº¬O¨­Åé¤Wªº§¹¾ã¡A´N¹³ÁÙ¨S¦³·Ó¹LÃè¤l¤@¼Ë¡A¨S¿ìªk±N¦Û¤vªº¥|ªÏ¡B¨­Åéµ¥³¡¦ì¦êÁp¦b¤@°_¡C«Äµ£¦¹®É©|¤£ª¾¦Û§Ú¬O¥Ñ­þ¨Ç«÷¹Ï©Òºc¦¨¡CÁ|¨Ò¨Ó»¡¡A·í¥L¬Ý¨ì¦Û¤vªº¤â¡A³o¡u¤@°¦¤â¡v»P¨ä¥L¥~¦b¨Æª«(¨Ò¶ý¶ýªº¦Ù½§¡B¦a´à¡B¦çªAµ¥)¦b·Pª¾¤¤¨ÃµL¤G­P¡A¦PÄݤ@¡uµLÂ_µõ¡BµL¤î¹Òªº¦s¦³¡v(uninterrupted, limitless being) (Mansfield 41)¡C

¶i¤JÃè¹³¶¥¬q¥H«á¡A«Äµ£·|¸g¾ú¤@¬q¦¨ªø¹Lµ{¡A´N®É¶¡ÂI¨Ó»¡¥i²³æ¤À¬°¤T¶¥¬q(§ùÁn¾W 130)¡C²Ä¤@­Ó¶¥¬q¥i¤ñ³ë¬°ªì¦¸¨£¨ìÃ褤ªº¦Û¤v¡A¦¹®É¦]¬°¥DÅéµLªk¦b¦Û¤v©M¥L¤H¤§¶¡°µ¥X°Ï¹j¡A¦]¦¹·|ÂǥѥL¤Hªº¦s¦b¨Ó½T»{¦Û¤vªº¦s¦b¡A¨Ò¦pÃè¤l¸ÌÀY¸Ì¦Û¤vªº¼v¹³(§ùÁn¾W130)¡C¦Ó¦¹®ÉÃ褤ªº¦Û¤v¤S¸ò¨­®Çªº¨Æª«(¦p©êµÛ¦Û¤vªº¶ý¶ý)³Q·Pª¾¬°¤@­Ó¡u§¹§Î¡v(gestalt) ©Î¤£¥i¤À³Îªº¾ãÅé¡C©Ô©£Á|¨Ò»¡¡A§Ú­Ì¬Ý¨ì³o¬q®É´Áªº¨àµ£¡A¬Ý§O¤HºL­Ë¡A¦Û¤v¤Ï¦Ó­ú¤F°_¨Ó(Écrits 113)¡C³oºØªí²{´N¬OµLªk °Ï§O¦óªÌ¬°¥L¤H¡A¦óªÌ¬°¦Û¤v¡C

«á¨Ó¡A«Äµ£²×©óª¾¹D¡AÃ褤ªºª«Åé¥u¤£¹L¬O¼v¹³(image)¡A¦Ó¤£¬O¹êÅé¡A¦¹¤D²Ä¤G¶¥¬q¡C¦Ó²Ä¤T¶¥¬q«h¬O«Äµ£½T©w¸Ó¼v¹³´N¬O¦Û¤vªº¼v¹³¡A¦¹®É¡A«Äµ£ª¾¹D¤F¦Û¤vªº¼Ò¼Ë¡A¤]½T©w¦Û¤vªº¥|ªÏ¡B¨­Åé¡B¨ä¥L¦U³¡¦ì¬O¬Û³sªº¡F¥t¥~¡A¤]ª¾¹D¦Û¤v¬O»P³o¥@¬É¬O¤ÀÂ÷ªº¡A¤£¹³¦b²Ä¤@¶¥¬q¨º¼Ë§â¦Û¤v©M¨­®Çªº¤H¨Æª«·d²V (§ùÁn¾W 131)¡C©ó¬O¨­Åé¡u¤äÂ÷¯}¸H¡v(fragmentation)ªº·§©À¤£¦A½L¾Ú¤ß¤¤¡A¨ú¦Ó¥N¤§ªº¬O¡u§¹¾ãªº¼v¹³¡v(an image of wholeness)(Mansfield 42)¡C

¤§©Ò¥H­n±j½Õ¡u¼v¹³¡v³o­Ó¦r²´¡A¬O¦]¬°¤H¬O³z¹LÃè¤lªº¼v¹³¡A¤~§â¦Û¤vªº¨­Åé©ñ¦b¤@°_(Mansfield 43)¡A©Ò¥H³oºØ¡u§¹¾ã¡vªº·§©À¬O¨Ó¦Û©ó¡u¼v¹³¡v¡A¤]´N¬O¤U­±©Ò­n¸ÑÄÀªº¡u·Q¹³¡v¡C

 

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·Q¹³ (the Imaginary)

        ¡u·Q¹³¡v¬OÃè¹³¶¥¬qªº²£ª«¡A¦ý¡u·Q¹³¡v³o­Óµü·J¦b¦¹¬O¦Wµü¡A¨Ã«D°Êµü¡A«üªº¬OÃþ¦ü«Äµ£ÂǥѼv¹³¦Ó¦b¸£¤¤«÷´ê¥X¤@­Ó§¹¾ã­ÓÅ骺¸gÅç (Mansfield 42)¡C«Äµ£¦b¬Ý¨ìÃ褤¼v¹³ªº®É­Ô¡A¨ä¹ê¤w¸g¦b¸£¤¤¥¥¨|¥X¤@­Ó¹ï¦Û¤vªº¼¥¼©¡A´«¥y¸Ü»¡¡A¦b¸g¾úÃè¹³¶¥¬qªº®É­Ô¡A«Äµ£¦bÃ褤¬Ý¨ìªº¡A¬O¤@­Ó§¹¬ü¥B§¹¾ãªº¼v¹³¡F¦b¦¹±j½Õ¡u§¹¬ü¡v¡A¬O¦]¬°¦¹¼v¹³¥i»¡¬O¤H¹ï¦Û¤vªº¬ü¦n·Q¹³¡A§â¦Û¤v»PÃ褤¼v¹³¹º¤Wµ¥¸¹ (Glowinski et al. 115)¡C

        ¦Ó¡u·Q¹³¡vÁöµM¬O¦b¸£¤¤¥¥¨|¥X¹ï©ó¦Û¤vªº¡u§¹¾ã¡v·§©À¡A«o¤]¬O¤@ºØ¡u»~»{¡v(misrecognition) (Sarup 102)¡C³oºØ»~»{¬O¡u·Q¹³¡vªº¤@Åé¨â­±¡A°£¤FÅý¤H·P¨ì¡u§¹¾ã¡v¡A¤]Åý¤H²£¥Í¡u¤Àµõ¡v¡C¦bÃè¹³¶¥¬q®É¡A«Äµ£µo²{¦Û¤v»PÃ褤¼v¹³¦P¨B¡A·í¥|ªÏÂ\°Ê¡AÃ褤¼v¹³¤]¸òµÛÂ\°Ê¡A¦]¦¹²£¥Í¤F¤@­Ó»{ª¾¡G»{¬°Ã褤ªº¼v¹³»P¦Û¤v¬O¬Û¦Pªº¡C³o­Ó»{ª¾¨ä¹ê¨Ã«D§¹¥þ¥¿½T¡A¦]¬°¬O¾aÃ褤¼v¹³¤~ª¾¹D¦Û¤vªº¼Ë¤l¡A©Ò¥H´N©Ô©£ªºÆ[ÂI¨Ó»¡¡AÃ褤ªº¼v¹³¤£¬O¦Û¤v¡A¦Ó³æ¯Â¥u¬OÃ褤ªº¼v¹³¡A¬O¡u¥LªÌ¡v(other) (Glowinski et al. 88)¡C

¥¿¦]«Äµ£§âÃ褤¼v¹³©M¦Û¤v¹º¤Wµ¥¸¹¬O¤¤¶¡³z¹L¤@­Ó¥LªÌ¨Ó¶i¦æ¡A©Ò¥H¸£¤¤§¹¾ãªº¦Û¤v¡A¤D¬O¨Ì¿à¥LªÌ§Îºc¦Ó¦¨¡A»P¥LªÌ±K¤£¥i¤À¡C¤¤¶¡ªº¥LªÌ¬J¬O§U¤O¡A¤]¬Oªýê¡A¦]¬°§Ú­Ì¥u¯à³z¹L¼v¹³¤~¯à¤F¸Ñ¹êÅé¡A¦ý¼v¹³²×¨s¨Ã¤£µ¥©ó¹êÅé¡A¥u¯à§e²{¤ù­±¦Ó«D¥þ­±ªº»{ÃÑ¡A¨Ò¶È­­©óµøı¦Ó«D¥þ³¡·P©x¸gÅçµ¥¡A¤]¦]¦¹¥DÅ骺¦Û§Ú»{¦P©l²×¬O¤@ºØ¡u»~»{¡v¡A¦b¬J¬O¥B«D¡B¬J«D¥B¬Oªº¦Q¸Þ¤§¶¡Â\Àú¡F¥DÅé§Î¦¨¤§»Ú§Yµù©w¤F¥DÅ骺«í¤[¤Àµõ¡C

 

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¶H¼x (the Symbolic)

        ©Ô©£§â§Î¶ì¥DÅé¦Û§Ú§Î¹³ªº¥LªÌºÙ¬°¡u¶H¼x¨t²Î¡v(the symbolic order)¡C¡u¶H¼x¨t²Î¡v¬O¤@ºØ·N¸qªº¬[ºc¡A¤Hªº¥~¦b¥@¬É¡AÁ|¤Z¥Í¬¡¤¤¥iIJ¤Îªº©Ò¦³ªF¦è¡B½Í¨ìªº©Ò¦³¸ÜÃD¡A³£¥]§t¦b¶H¼x¨t²Î·í¤¤¡C¦ý©Ô©£¹ï©ó¶H¼x¨t²Î«e«á´Á¦³¤£¦P¬Ýªk¡A¶V¬O±ß¦~¡A¸ÑÄÀ¶V¬O²`¤J¡C¥L»{¬°¦¹¨t²Î²[¬AªÀ·|³W½d¡Bªk«ß¡B¦å½tÃö«Yµ¥µ¥¡A¥iºÙ¤§¬°¥Í¬¡¤¤ªº¡u¬[ºc¡v¡C¦P®É³o¤]¬O¤@ºØ¡u¤èªk¡v¡A¤HÂǥѶH¼x¨t²Îª¾¹D¦Û¤v¦p¦ó¦Û§Ú¹ê²{¡A¤]´N¬OÂǥѶH¼x¨t²Î©Ò´£¨Ñªº¤èªk¨Ó°µ¨Æ (Glowinski et al. 198)¡C¨Ò¦p¡A·í¬Y¤H»¡¡u¤K¨ö¡v¤G¦r¡A®Ç¤HÅ¥¨ì¡A·|ª¾¹D¦¹¤H©Ò­nªí¹Fªº·N«ä¬°¦ó¡A³o¬O¦]¬°»y¨¥¦b¦¹Åܦ¨¤@­Ó¦b­I«á¤ä¼µ¦¹¤H»¡¸Üªº¬[ºc¡AÅý³o¤G¦r¦³·N¸q¡A¦¹¬°¶H¼x¨t²Î¹B°µªº¨ä¤¤¤@­Ó¨Ò¤l¡C

¤W­z¨Ò¤l¤]¥i¥Î¥H¸ÑÄÀ¶H¼x¨t²Î»Pªí·N§@¥Î (signification) ªºÃö«Y¡C©Ô©£©µÄò¯Áºüº¸ (Ferdinand de Sassure) ¡u²Å¼x (signifier)¡v©M¡u²Å¦® (signified)¡v·§©À¡A¥Î¥H¸ÑÄÀµL©Ò¤£¦bªº¶H¼x¨t²Î¡C²³æ¨Ó»¡¡A¯Áºüº¸»{¬°·í¤H¨Ï¥Î¤@­Óµü»y®É¡A³o­Óµü»y´N¬O¤@­Ó²Å¼x¡A«ü¦V²Å¦®¡A§Î¦¨¸ÑÄÀ©Î¶H¼xªºÃö«Y¡A§Y¤º²[·N¸q(denotation)©Î¥~©µ·N¸q(connotation)¡C´N«e¬q©Ò­zªº¨Ò¤l¨Ó¬Ý¡A·í¦³¤H»¡¡u¤K¨ö¡v¤G¦r®É¡A¸Óµü«ü¦V¬Y­Ó·N¸q¡A¸Ó·N¸q´N¬O²Å¦®¡A¥i¯à«ü¡u°®¡B©[¡B¾_¡B§¢¡B¦á¡B´S¡BÂ÷¡B§Iµ¥¤K­Ó¨ö¶H¡v§í©Î¡uÁÁ¨¥¡B½Ú»Dµ¥¤p¹D®ø®§¡v¡A¨Ì·í®É±¡ªp©M«e«á¤å¦Ó©w¡C

©Ô©£¤S¶i¤@¨B©Ý®i¤F¯Áºüº¸¡uªí·NÁå¡v(signifying chain)ªº·§©À¡A·N«ä¬O¨C­Ó²Å¦®¤]¨­­Ý²Å¼x¡A¬Ý¦ü·N¸qªº²×ÂI¡A¹ê»Ú¤W¥»¨­¥ç¬O¥t¤@­Ó²Å¼x¡A«ü¦V¥t¤@²Å¦®¡A¨Ì¦¹Ãþ±À¡Aªí·N§@¥Î¥i¥HµL½a¶}®i (Glowinski et al. 200)¡C¨Ò¦p¡u¤K¨ö¡v­Y¥H¤K­Ó¨ö¶H¬°²Å¦®¡A¨ä¤¤¥ô¤@¨ö¶H¤S¥i§@¬°²Å¼x«ü¦V¥t¤@²Å¦®¡A¨Ò¡u°®¡v¨ö¥Nªí¡u¤Ñ¡v¡A¦Ó¡u¤Ñ¡v¤S¥i©¹¤U©µ¥Ó¨ä§t·N¡A¦p¡u¤W¡v¡B¡u§g¡v¡B¡u¤÷¡vµ¥¡C¦Ó¡u¤K¨ö¡v­Y¥H¡u¤p¹D®ø®§¡v¬°²Å¦®¡A«h¤S¥i«ü¯A¡uÁô¨p¡v¡B¡u¬y¨¥ãò»y¡v¡B¡u·h§Ë¬O«D¡v©M¡uµL²á¡vµ¥¡C§â³o¨Ç²Å¼x©M²Å¦®¦ê³s°_¨Ó¡A§Î¦¨¡uªí·NÁå¡v¡A´N¬O¤è¤~´£¨ì©Ô©£©Ò»¡ªº¤HÃþªÀ·|¬[ºc¡C·íµM¡A³oºØ·N¸q³sÄò¨Ã«D¥u­­©ó»y¨¥ªº¨Ï¥Î¡A¦Ó¬O¥]¬A¦æ¬°Á|¤î¡B¤å¤Æ²{¶Hµ¥µ¥¡A³£¦b¦¹½d³ò¤º¡C

´N¤W­z¦Ó¨¥¡A¶H¼x¨t²Î¦³¤@­Ó«D±`­«­nªº¥\¥Î¡A¨º«K¬O¨Ï¤H±o¥H¶i¤JªÀ·|¡A¦]¬°¥²¶·­n¦³±o¥H·¾³q¡B°µ¨Æªº¤èªk©M¤u¨ã¡A¤H¥»¨­¤~¥i¯à²£¥Í·N¸q (§ùÁn¾W 165)¡C¤£¹L­nª`·Nªº¬O¡A³o¨Ç·N¸q¬O³z¹L¶H¼x¨t²Î¦Ó¸ÑŪ¥X¨Óªº·N¸q¡A¬O³z¹L¤@­Ó¥LªÌ·í§@´C¤¶¦Ó²£¥Íªº·N¸q¡A©Ò¥H¦b©Ô©£ªº¨t²Î¸Ì­±¡A¨Ã¨S¦³¯u¥¿¡B¯Âºéªº¦Û§Ú¡C

 

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¯u¹ê (the Real)

        ¡u¯u¹ê¡v¬O¥Î¥H¸ÑÄÀ¦b·Q¹³©M¶H¼x¨t²Î¤§¥~¡B§¹¥þµLªkIJ¤Îªº¦s¦³ (Glowinski et al. 155)¡F´«¥y¸Ü»¡¡A¯u¹ê¬É©Ò²[»\ªº¤º®eµLªk³z¹L¤Hªº¤èªk¨Ó²z¸Ñ¡C¤H¦b²z¸Ñªº¹Lµ{¤¤¡A¥²¶·±N¡u¯u¹ê¡v¤¤ªºªF¦è¥H¶H¼x¨t²Î¹LÂo¡A®M¥Î¬J©wªº»yªk©M¤å¤Æ¶Ç²Î¡A¤~¯à²£¥Í·N¸q (Mansfield 44)¡C¨Ò¦p®à¤W¦³­Óªá²~¡A¦ý¡uªá²~¡v³o­Ó·§©À¥»¨­¡A¥]¬A§Îª¬¡B¥\¥Î©M»ù­Èµ¥¡A³£¬O¶H¼x¨t²Îªº¤@Àô¡C¥ý³Ð³y¤F¡uªá²~¡v³o­Ó·§©À¡A¬Ý¨ì¤Fªá²~¡A¤~·|ª¾¹D¦³ªá²~¡C¤Ï¤§¡A­Y­n»¡ªá²~¦s¦b©ó¯u¹ê·í¤¤¡A«h¤£¦¨¥ß¡A¦]¬°·í¤H»¡¥X¡uªá²~¡v¨â¦r®É¡A´N¤w¸g¦b¨Ï¥Î¶H¼x¨t²Î·í¤¤ªº²Å¸¹¡A¦Ó¯u¹ê¬É·í¤¤¬O¤£¦s¦b³o¨Ç²Å¸¹ªº¡C¥Ñ¥H¤W¨Ò¤l±oª¾¡A¯u¹ê¥»¨­µLªk±´ª¾¡A¥B¥»¨­¨ã¦³¡u¤£¥i¯à©Ê¡v(impossibility)¡A·N§Y¥»¨­¤£¥i¯à¥HÅý¤H²z¸Ñªº¤è¦¡¥X²{(Seminar. Book XI 167)¡C

        ¥t¥~¯u¹ê©M¶H¼x¤§¶¡¤]¦³¤@¹ï¤ñÃö«Y¡A§Y¯u¹ê¥»¨­¬O§¹¾ãªº¡A¥ç¤£·|§ïÅÜ¡F¦Ó¶H¼x¨t²Î¬O¦bµo²{¤@­Ó¡uµõ»Ø¡v¤§«á¡A¨Ï¥Î»y¨¥¶ñ¸É¶i¥h¡A¦]¦¹¦³¡uªÅ¯Ê¡v(absence)©M¡u¶ñ¸É¡v(presence)ªºÃö«Y¡C¦p©Ô©£¦Û¤v©Ò»¡¡G¡u¯u¹ê·í¤¤²@µLªÅ¯Ê¡v(Seminar II 313)¡A¦b¦¹¬°¸ÑÄÀ¡uªÅ¯Ê¡v¡A¥²¶·¨Ï¥Î«e¬qªº¨Ò¤l¡G«e¬q©Ò´£ªº¡uªá²~¡v¬O¤H¦b¬Ý¨ìªá²~®É¡A¬°¤F½á¤©·N¸qÅý¥L¤H²z¸Ñ¡A¤~¨Ï¥Î¶H¼x¨t²Î¤¤ªº¡uªá²~¡v¨â¦r¡C¦Ó¤H¦b¨Ï¥Î»y¨¥®É¡A§Ï©»´N¦b¯u¹ê·í¤¤¤Á¤U¤@¤M¡A¨Ï¨ä²£¥Íµõ»Ø¡A¦A¥Î»y¨¥¶ñ¸É¶i¥h (Evans 159)¡C¡uªá²~¡v¦b¯u¹ê¤¤µL¥i¸ÑÄÀ¡A¦Ó¹º¤U¤@¤M¡A´N²£¥Í¤F¨¬¥H¸ÑÄÀªºªÅ¶¡¡A¦]¦¹¤H¶ñ¤J¡uªá²~¡v³o­Óµü¡A¥Nªí¡uªá²~¡v³o­Óª«Åé¡C§_«h¯u¹ê¥»¨­¬O§¹¾ãªº¡A¥ç§¹¾ã¦ÓµLªk²z¸Ñªº¾ãÅé (totality)¡F¤H¬°¤F²z¸Ñ¡A¤~»Ý¨Ï¨ä²£¥Íµõ»Ø¡A¶i¦Ó¨Ï¥Î¶H¼x¨t²Î¶ñ¸É¡C

 

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°Ñ¦Ò®ÑÄy

Bowie, Malcolm. Lacan. London: Harvard UP, 1991.

Evans, Dylan. An Introductory Dictionary of Lacanian Psychoanalysis. New York: Routldge, 1996.

Glowinski, Huguette, Zita Marks, Sara Murphy, eds. A Compendium of Lacanian Terms. London: Free Association Books, 2001.

Lacan, Jacques. Écrits. A Selection. Trans. Alan Sheridan. London: Tavistock, 1977.

--. The Seminar. Book II. The Ego in Freud's Theory and in the Technique of Psychoanalysis, 1954-55. Ed. Jacques-Alain Miller. Trans. Sylvana Tomaselli. New York: Norton, 1988.

Mansfield, Nick. Subjectivity: Theories of the self from Freud to Haraway. New York: New York UP, 2000.

Sarup, Madan. Jacques Lacan. New York: Harvester Wheatsheaf, 1992.

§ùÁn®p¡C¡m©Ô±dµ²ºc¥D¸qºë¯«¤ÀªR¾Ç¡n¡C¥x¥_¡G»·¬y¡A1988¡C

 

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Jacques Lacan at Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy

http://www.iep.utm.edu/lacweb/

¥H­õ¾Çªº¨¤«×¤¶²Ð©Ô©£ªº²z½×

“How To Read Lacan”

http://www.lacan.com/essays/

¦¬¿ý¤F¾ÇªÌ¦N±¶§J(Slavoj Zizek)¹ï©ó©Ô©£ªº¸ÑŪ

“Jacques Lacan”

http://www.colorado.edu/English/courses/ENGL2012Klages/lacan.html

©Ô©£Â²¤¶¡A¥H¤Î³¡¥÷Æ[©À¤¶²Ð

 

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¥Í¥­µÛ§@

©Ô©£³\¦hµÛ§@¨Ã«D¥Ñ¥L­Ó¤H¥Xª©¡A¦Ó¬O¨­®Çªº¾Ç¥Í¡BªB¤ÍÀ°¦£·J¾ã¡A¬Æ¦Ü¦³¨Ç¬O¦b¥L¹L¥@³\¦h¦~¤~¥Xª©¡C¨äµÛ§@¦Cªí¤¤¡A¤×¨ä¥H¡m¤å¿ï¡n(Écrits)©M¡m¬ã°Q·|¡n(Seminar)¨t¦C³Ì¬°µÛ¦W¡C¦b¦¹¥H¦C¥X­^Ķª©¬°¥D¡C

 

Lacan, Jacques. Autres Écrits. Trans. Alan Sheridan. Paris: Seuil, 2001.

---. Écrits. A Selection. Trans. Alan Sheridan. London: Tavistock, 1977.

---. Écrits: The First Complete Edition in English, Trans. Bruce Fink. New York: Norton, 2006

---. The Seminar. Book I. Freud's Papers on Technique, 1953-54. Ed. Jacques-Alain Miller. Trans. John Forrester. New York: Norton, 1988.

---. The Seminar. Book II. The Ego in Freud's Theory and in the Technique of Psychoanalysis, 1954-55. Ed. Jacques-Alain Miller. Trans. Sylvana Tomaselli. New York: Norton, 1988.

---. The Seminar. Book III. The Psychoses, 1955-56. Ed. Jacques-Alain Miller. Trans. Russel Grigg. London: Routledge, 1993.

---. Le Séminaire. Livre IV. La relation d'object, 1956-57. Ed. Jacques-Alain Miller. Paris: Seuil, 1994.

---. The Seminar. Book VII. The Ethics of Psychoanalysis, 1959-60. Ed. Jacques-Alain Miller. Trans. Dennis Porter. London: Routledge, 1992.

---. The Seminar. Book VIII. Le transfert, 1960-61. Ed. Jacques-Alain Miller. Paris: Seuil, 1994.

---. The Seminar. Book XI. The Four Fundamental Concepts of Psychoanalysis, 1964. Trans. Alan Sheridan. London: Hogarth Press and Institute of Psycho-Analysis, 1977.

---. Le Séminaire. Livre XVII. L'envers de la psychoanalyse, 1969-70. Ed. Jacques-Alain Miller. Paris: Seuil, 1991.

---. Le Séminaire. Livre XXI. Encore, 1972-73. Ed. Jacques-Alain Miller. Paris: Seuil, 1975.

 

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¦ó´ºªÚµÛ¡C¡q¶¾¤ºªG»P§Ú---§ÚªºÃè¹³¬ã¨s¡r(Kurt Vonnegut And Mirrored Me)°ê¥ß¥x«n¤j¾Ç­µ¹³ÃÀ³NºÞ²z¬ã¨s©ÒºÓ¤h½×¤å¡A2005¡C
¥»¤å¥H©Ô©£ªºÃè¹³²z½×¤ÀªR¶¾¤ºªGªº¼@¥»¡mÃè¤l¡n(The Mirror)¡C

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¥»½×¤å¥D­n±q©Ô©£ªº¨¤«×¨Ó¾\Ū¥d¤Ò¥dªº¤p»¡¡q¼f§P¡r¡A­«ÂI«h©ñ¦bÂç²M¤p»¡¤¤¥DÅé»P«ßªkªºÃö«Y¤W¡C«ßªk¥i¥H¤À¬°³\¦h¤£¦Pªº¼h¦¸¨Ó°Q½×¡A¥»¤å«hµÛ­«¦b¥DÅé©Ò¥²¶·ªA±q©Î¿í¦uªºªÀ·|¶H¼x³W«h¤W¡A¦]¦¹¨Ã¤£ª½±µ»P¤@¯ëªk«ßªº³W³¹©Î±ø¤å¬ÛÃö¡C

§f³³µMµÛ¡C¡q½×¤Î¤£¥i½×­zªÌ: ÀNµØ.µá§Q®ú.¬¥¤Ò¥d¤Ò¯Sªºµu½g¬G¨Æ¤¤¤§®£©Æ»P¤£º¡¡r(Speaking the Unspeakable: The Tantalizing Horror and Dissatisfaction in Howard Phillips Lovecraft's Short Stories)²H¦¿¤j¾Ç­^¤å¾Ç¨t¬ã¨s©ÒºÓ¤h½×¤å¡A2008¡C
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         ¥H©Ô©£¤Î¤Ú¤Ú(Homi K. Bhabha)ªº²z½×±´°Q¸â©i¤h£»³ì¥ì´µ¦b¡m³£¬fªL¤H¡n¤¤¥DÅé©Ê¤Î·Rº¸Äõ¨­¤À»{¦Pªº¦A²{¡C²Ä¤G³¹Âǥѩԩ£ªº²z½×¤¤¥DÅé©Êªº·§©À¡A¤ÀªR¤T­Ó¬G¨Æ¡G¡q©n©f­Ç¡r¡A¡q°¸¹J¡r¡A»P¡q¦ãªÜµY¡r¡C¤å¤¤¸ÑÄÀ¬G¨Æ¤¤¨C­Ó¨¤¦â³£ÄY­«¨ü­­©ó±Ð·|¡B¾Ç®Õ¤Î®a®xªº¡u¶H¼x¯´§Ç¡v(the Symbolic order)¡A¥H­P©ó¥L­ÌµLªk°kÂ÷¦¹À£­¢¤O¶q¡C¦]¬°¥L­Ìªº¼¤±æ²`²`¨ü®À©ó¡u¤÷¿Ë¤§¦W¡v¡}the-Name-of-the-Father¡~¡A¥L­Ìªº¥DÅé©Ê©l²×¤Àµõ¥B¤£§¹¾ã¡C

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±iÁo½åµÛ¡C¡q±q©Ô±d¼¤±æ¥DÅé·NÃѱ´°Q¨T¨®¼s§i¤å¥»¡r(An Interpretation of Desire-Subject in Advertising Text of Automobile Advertisement by Jacques Lacan's Psychoanalysis Theory.)±X¤s¬ì§Þ¤j¾Çµøı¶Ç¹F³]­p¬ã¨s©ÒºÓ¤h½×¤å¡A2008¦~¡C
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±´°Q³ìªv¡D¤Ú©§­C¦b20¦Ü40¦~¥N¨ä¤p»¡³Ð§@»P²z½×«Øºcªº¹Lµ{¤¤¹ï©ó¡u¤H(©Ê)¡v³o¤@­Ó·§©À¥»¨­©Ò·tÂ꺤ݸޤ§­åªR»P´y¼±¦p¦ó¼vÅT¡B¦¨´N¡B¶}±Ò¤Fºë¯«¤ÀªR¾Ç®a¶®¦U´µ¡D©Ô©£50¦~¥N¥½´ÁÃö©ó¤HÃþ¦æ¬°­I«áªº¡u¹D(²z)¡v (ethics)ªº°Q½×¡C

¸­ªYª´µÛ¡C¡q¥H©Ô©£²z½×¬Ý¡m³£¬fªL¤H¡n¤§©Ê§O¦A²{¡r¡C(A Lacanian Reading of the Gender Representation in Dubliners)¡C°ê¥ß²MµØ¤j¾Ç¥~°ê»y¤å¾Ç¬ã¨s©ÒºÓ¤h½×¤å¡A2007¡C

         ¥»½×¤å¬O¥Hºë¯«¤ÀªRªº¨¤«×±´°Q³ì¤ó¡m³£¬fªL¤H¡n¤¤ªº¤k©ÊijÃD¡F¥]¬A¤k©Ê©}±q©ó«ÂÅvªº±¡ªp¡B¹ï¤÷Åv¨îªº¤Ï¨î¡B¥H¤Î¹ê²{¦Û¨­­ì¥»À£§íªº±ý±æ¡C±Ä¥Î©Ô©£¹ï©Ê§O»{ª¾«Øºc¼Ò¦¡¡B¶§ª«§@¬°²Å½Xªº¨¤¦â¡B°°¸Ë¡B¥H¤Î¶H¼x¨t²Î¤¤ªº±ý±æªººë¯«¤ÀªR²z½×¡A¥D±i¤k©Ê°ß¦³ºtÅܦ¨¨ã¬D¾Ô©Êªº·s¤k©Ê¤è¯à¸Ñ²æ¦U¤èÀ£¨î¡C

·¨ª¢»FµÛ¡C¡q¡u¿Õ¤B¨uªº¥ì©³©¬´µ¡v:¥H©Ô©£ªºÆ[ÂIÀ˵ø³Ò­Û´µ¡m¨à¤l»P±¡¤H¡n¤¤ªº¥À¤lÃö«Y¡r(“Oedipus in Nottingham”: Re-examining the Mother-Son Relationship in D. H. Lawrence's Sons and Lovers from a Lacanian Prospect)¡C²H¦¿¤j¾Ç¦è¬v»y¤å¬ã¨s©ÒºÓ¤h½×¤å¡A2004¡C
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¼BÀR¯øµÛ¡C¡q±q©Ô©£Åª¤p¤t¼Ö¡m¼Ú¤Ú®á¡n¤¤ªº¾ú¥v¤Î³Ð¶Ë¸gÅç¡r¡C(History and Trauma: A Lacanian Reading of Joy Kogawa's Obasan)¡C°ê¥ß¤¤¿³¤j¾Ç¥~°ê»y¤å¾Ç¬ã¨s©ÒºÓ¤h½×¤å¡A2005¡C

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