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¦b¡m«O½Ã°¨§J´µ¡n(Pour Marx)¤@®Ñ (1965)¤¤¡Aªü¹ÏÁɲ­z¥Lªºª¾ÃÑ¥÷¤l¥Í²P¡C¥L«ü¥X«P¨Ï¥L¦¨¬°¡u°¨§J«ä¥D¸q­õ¾Ç®a¡vªº¤T¤j­ì¦]¡Gªk°ê¦@²£¥D¸qÅé¨î¤ºªº°¨§J«ä²z½×¥¼¿²¦¨¼ô¡Bªk°ê¦Û±Ò»X¥H­°­õ¾Ç«ä·Qªº³h¥F¡B¥H¤Î«á¦b¥v¹FªL®É´Á°ê»Ú¦@²£¹B°Êªº¬Fªv³B¹Ò¡C¹ï¥Lªº«ä·Q³y¦¨«D±`²`»·¼vÅTªº¦]¯ÀÁÙ¥]¬Aªk°ê·í®É³Q¥LºÙ§@¡uÀb¤Hªº¦æ¬°±Ð¨|¡v(¡§terrible education of deeds¡¨)ªº¤@³s¦ê¬Fªv¨Æ¥ó¡G¦è¯Z¤ú¤º¾Ô¡B²Ä¤G¦¸¥@¬É¤j¾Ô»P¤§«áªº§N¾Ô¡C

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ªü¹ÏÁɦb1950¦~¥N¹ï°¨§J«ä¥D¸qªº¸g¨å©M¥dº¸¡E°¨§J«ä(Karl Marx)ªº«ä·Q²W·½(¤×¨ä¬O¶Â®æº¸©M¶Oº¸¤Ú«¢[Ludwig Feuerbach])°µ²`¤J±´°Q¤ÀªR¡C¥Lªº¬ã¨s¦¨ªG¦¬¿ý¦b¤@¨t¦C­«­nµÛ§@¦p¡m«O½Ã°¨§J´µ¡n(Pour Marx)©M¡m¸ÑŪ<¸ê¥»½×>¡n(Lire le Capital)¤¤¡]«áªÌ»P¥Lªº¾Ç¥ÍÉtienne Balibar¦XµÛ¡A1965¡^¡F¨â¥»®Ñ³£«Ü§Ö´NÀò±oªk°ê¤Î±ßªñ­^°êª¾ÃÑ¥÷¤lªº¼ö¤ÁÃöª`¡C

 

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ªü¹ÏÁÉ¥»·|¦b¤C¡³¦~¥N«ùÄò±Ð¾Ç©M¼g§@¡AµM¦Ó¯f±¡«o³vº¥´c¤Æ¡F1980¦~³º¦b¤@®É±¡ºü¿E°Ê¡B·¥ºÝļ«ãªº±¡§Î¤U±þ®`¤F¥Lªº©d¤l¡C¥L«ÅºÙ¦Û¤vºë¯«¤WµL¦æ¬°¯à¤O(mentally incompetent)¡A³Q§P¨M¦bºë¯«Âå®v¬ÝºÞ¤UºÊ¸T¦b®a¡A¶È¯à»P·¥¤Ö¼ÆªB¤ÍÁpô¡C¤Q¦~«áªü¹ÏÁɹL¥@®É¡AÁn±æ¤]¶^¨ì¤F¨¦©³¡C

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ªü¹ÏÁɪº¥D­n·§©À¢w¢w¡u·NÃѧκAªº°ê®a¾÷¾¹¡v(ideological state apparatuses)¡B¡u¥l³ê¡v(interpellation)¡B¡u·Q¹³Ãö«Y¡v(imaginary relations)©M¡u¦h¤¸¨M©w¡v(over-determination)¢w¢w¦b·í¥N¦UºØ¤å¾Ç©M¤å¤Æ²z½×¤¤´X¥G³B³B¥i¨£¡C¦Ó¥Lªº·NÃѧκA²z½×§ó¼vÅT¤F«á¨Ó±´°Q¦P¼Ë¥DÃD´X¥G©Ò¦³ªº­«­nµÛ§@¡C

 

ªü¹ÏÁɦb¡Õ·NÃѧκA©M·NÃѧκAªº°ê®a¾÷¾¹¡Ö¤¤¸Õ¹Ï¸Ñµªªº°ÝÃD¢w¢w¤@­ÓªÀ·|­n¦p¦ó½Æ»s¨ä°ò¥»ªºªÀ·|Ãö«Y¨Ó½T«O¨ä¥ÃÄòªø¦s¢w¢w¦Û¥j¥H¨Ó¦bªÀ·|²z½×¤W´N¤@ª½¬O­Ó­«­nªº½ÒÃD¡A³Ì¦­¦b¬f©Ô¹Ï(Plato)ªº¡m²z·Q°ê¡n(Republic, ¦è¤¸«e¬ù373¦~)¤¤´N³Q´£¥X¨Ó¤F¡C¬f©Ô¹Ï»{¬°ºû«ù¤@­Ó¥¿¸q«°¨¹(a just state)ªºÃöÁä¦b©ó´x±±¤½¥Á±Ð¨|¡A¤×¨ä¬O²Îªv¶¥¯Åªº±Ð¨|¡Cªü¹ÏÁɦP·N¦¹Æ[ÂI¡A¤£¹L¡A¥L±j½Õ¡AªÀ·|ªº¥D¬y»ù­È³q±`¥²¶·¸g¹LªÀ·|¤j¦h¼Æ¦¨­ûªº»{¥i¡C·NÃѧκA¥D­nªº¥\¥Î´N¦b©óűo¥L­ÌªºÃÙ¦P¡C

 

ªü¹ÏÁɥε²ºc¥D¸q¨Ó¸ÑÄÀªÀ·|¾÷¨î¦p¦ó¤ÏÂÐÄé¿é¬Û¦Pªº·NÃÑ«¬ºA¡A¥H¨ú±o¤H¥Áªº»{¦P¡C¥L¤]¥Îºë¯«¤ÀªRªº²z½×¨Ó»¡©ú·NÃÑ«¬ºA¦p¦ó¨Ï­Ó¤H¦¨¬°¥D¬yªÀ·|¯´§Çªº¡u¥DÅé¡v(subject)¡C¤@¯ë³q«Uªº¬Ýªk¬O¡A­Ó¤H¥i¥H¦Û¥Ñ¿ï¾Ü©Î©Úµ´¥ô¦ó·Qªk©M«H©À¡A³o¬O¶Ç²Î¤H¤å¥D¸q¡u¦Û¥Ñ·N§Ó¡vªº²z©À¡Fªü¹ÏÁɪºÆ[ÂI«ê¦n¬Û¤Ï¡A¥L»{¬°·NÃÑ«¬ºA¨Ã«D¦Ûµoªº(voluntary)¡A¦Ó¬OªÀ·|¤¤µ²ºcªº¦]¯À³y¦¨ªºµ²ªG¡C

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°Ñ¦Ò¤åÄm

Leitch, Vincent B., ed. ¡§Louis Althusser.¡¨ The Norton Anthology of Theory and

Criticism. New York: Norton, 2001. 1476-77.

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