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The Fire Sermon
作者Author  /  Thomas Stearn  Eliot  湯馬斯•史登•艾略特

III. The Fire Sermon

 
 
 
 
The river's tent is broken: the last fingers of leaf
Clutch and sink into the wet bank. The wind (173-174)
Crosses the brown land, unheard. The nymphs are departed. 175 (173-175)
Sweet Thames, run softly, till I end my song.
The river bears no empty bottles, sandwich papers,
Silk handkerchiefs, cardboard boxes, cigarette ends  
Or other testimony of summer nights, the nymphs are
    departed.  
And their friends, the loitering heirs of city directors; 180
Departed, have left no addresses. (176-181)
By the waters of Leman I sat down and wept. . .
Sweet Thames, run softly till I end my song,
Sweet Thames, run softly, for I speak not loud or long. (182-184)
(183-184)
But at my back in a cold blast I hear 185
The rattle of the bones, and chuckle spread from ear to ear.
   
A rat crept softly through the vegetation
Dragging its slimy belly on the bank
While I was fishing in the dull canal
On a winter evening round behind the gashouse 190
Musing upon the king my brother's wreck
And on the king my father's death before him. (185-192)
(191-192)
White bodies naked on the low damp ground
And bones cast in a little low dry garret,
Rattled by the rat's foot only, year to year. 195(193-195)
But at my back from time to time I hear
The sound of horns and motors, which shall bring
Sweeney to Mrs. Porter in the spring.
O the moon shone bright on Mrs. Porter
And on her daughter 200
They wash their feet in soda water
Et O ces voix d'enfants, chantant dans la couple! (196-202)
   
Twit twit twit
Jug jug jug jug jug jug  
   
So rudely forc'd. 205
Tereu (203-206)
   
Unreal City
Under the brown fog of a winter noon  
Mr. Eugenides, the Smyrna merchant
Unshaven, with a pocket full of currants 210
C.i.f. London: documents at sight,
Asked me in demotic French
To luncheon at the Cannon Street Hotel
Followed by a weekend at the Metropole. (207-214)
   
At the violet hour, when the eyes and back 215
Turn upward from the desk, when the human engine waits
Like a taxi throbbing waiting.
I Tiresias, though blind, throbbing between two lives,
Old man with wrinkled female breasts, can see
At the violet hour, the evening hour that strives 220
Homeward, and brings the sailor home from sea,  
The typist home at teatime, clears her breakfast, lights
Her stove, and lays out food in tins.
Out of the window perilously spread
Her drying combinations touched by the sun's last rays, 225
On the divan are piled (at night her bed)
Stockings, slippers, camisoles, and stays. (215-227)
I Tiresias, old man with wrinkled dugs Note: 228-248
Perceived the scene, and foretold the rest-
I too awaited the expected guest. 230
He, the young man carbuncular, arrives,
A small house agent's clerk, with one bold stare,
One of the low on whom assurance sits
As a silk hat on a Bradford millionaire.
The time is now propitious, as he guesses, 235
The meal is ended, she is bored and tired,
Endeavors to engage her in caresses
Which still are unreproved, if undesired.
Flushed and decided, he assaults at once;
Exploring hands encounter no defence; 240
His vanity requires no response,  
And makes a welcome of indifference.
(And I Tiresias have foresuffered all
Enacted on this same divan or bed;
I who have sat by Thebes below the wall 245
And walked among the lowest of the dead.)
Bestows one final patronizing kiss,
And gropes his way, finding the stairs unlit…
   
She turns and looks a moment in the glass, Note: 249-256
Hardly aware of her departed lover; 250
Her brain allows one half-formed thought to pass:  
'Well now that's done: and I'm glad it's over.'  
When lovely woman stoops to folly and
Paces about her room again, alone,  
She smoothes her hair with automatic hand, 255
And puts a record on the gramophone. (253-256)
   
'This music crept by me upon the waters' Note: 257-265
And along the Strand, up Queen Victoria Street.
O City city, I can sometimes hear
Beside a public bar in Lower Thames Street, 260
The pleasant whining of a mandoline
And a clatter and a chatter from within  
Where fishmen lounge at noon: where the walls
Of Magnus Martyr hold
Inexplicable splendour of Ionian white and gold. 265
           The river sweats Note: 266-306
            Oil and tar
           The barges drift
           With the turning tide  
           Red sails 270
           Wide  
           To leeward, swing on the heavy spar.
           The barges wash  
           Drifting logs  
           Down Greenwich reach 275
           Past the Isle of Dogs. (275-276)
                      Weialala leia
 
                     Wallala leialala  
   
           Elizabeth and Leicester
           Beating oars 280
           The stern was formed  
           A gilded shell
           Red and gold  
           The brisk swell  
           Rippled both shores 285
           Southwest wind  
           Carried down stream  
           The peal of bells
           White towers (288-289)
                     Weialala leia 290
                     Wallala leialala  
   
'Trams and dusty trees.
Highbury bore me. Richmond and Kew  
Undid me. By Richmond I raised my knees
Supine on the floor of a narrow canoe.' 295(292-295)
(294-295)
'My feet are at Moorgate, and my heart
Under my feet. After the event (296-297)
He wept. He promised"a new start."  
I made no comment. What should I resent?' (296-299)
   
'On Margate Sands. 300
I can connect
Nothing with nothing. (301-302)
The broken fingernails of dirty hands.  
My people humble people who expect  
Nothing.' 305(300-305)
             la la
   
To Carthage then I came 307
Burning burning burning burning
O Lord Thou pluckest me out  
O Lord Thou pluckest 310(306-310)
burning  
 
   
 
 
Line
Annotation
副題 The Fire Sermon:火誡。這是佛陀勸人禁慾火,戒怒火等的告誡語。這一部份包括四首詩:173-206行,207-214行,215-265行,662-311行各為一首。[back]
173-175 描寫深秋的景象;樹葉黃落,風兒靜悄悄地吹過草木不生的土地; 夏日尋歡作樂的人們也已他去。[back]
173 The river's tent:(覆蓋於)河上的樹蓬;指夏日之際,兩岸茂密的樹林,枝葉相連,乃至於就像搭成的帳蓬,罩住河面。但這個樹蓬現已因時屆秋末,枝枯葉落而破毀(broken)。在舊約中"tent"指聖幕(tabernacle),是猶太人流落於曠野時,一種可移動的神殿。聖幕覆蓋著上帝所賜的律法,聖幕破毀,猶如上帝的律法破毀。舊約以塞亞書(Isaiah33章,20-1節,把rivertent連用,指上帝賜給猶太人的力量和保障。[back]
173-174 the last….bank;此句似描寫人被潔吞噬時,頭已陷入沙中,兩手還露在上頭,想抓東西的拼命狀,但最後還是陷入流沙。

the last fingers of leaf:手指狀的枯葉;last = dying

clutch:捏緊,指枯葉狀如手指捏緊。sink into:沉入。[back]

175 Crosses:橫(吹而)過。

the brown land, unheard:棕色的土地,指乾燥,沒有綠意,沒有生氣的土地。地上沒有植物生長,則風兒吹過,亦無聲息(unheard),這是荒地的景象。

The nymphs:居於大海、山林等處的女神,此處指歡渡夏夜的女郎(=maidens)。這些女郎已離去了(departed),因為夏日已終。[back]

176-181 仍然是描寫深秋的景象。泰晤士河上不再漂流夏夜的用物,尋歡作樂的人們也不知去向了。[back]
176 sweet…song:甜美的泰晤士河,輕柔的流著,等我唱完了歌。此行典出英國詩人Edmund Spenser (1552-99) 所寫 "Prothalamion"中婚前曲。然而,往日優美的泰晤士河,如今變成了髒亂的泰晤士河。[back]
177 bears:浮載。[back]
179 testimony of summer nights:夏夜的證物;testimony = sign. 繁華的夏夜已逝,此時正值秋日,故河上沒有空瓶子(empty bottles)、包三明治的紙(sandwich papers)、絲帕(silk handkerchiefs)、紙盒子(cardboard boxes)、煙蒂(cigarette ends)等物漂動。[back]
180 their friends;nymphs的朋友

loitering:閒混的(=idling)。

heirs of city directors:指倫敦市內公司老闆的子弟們。[back]

181 have left no addresses:沒有留下地址。have left的主詞是上一行的friends。[back]
182-184 大意是;「我」坐在慾湖旁邊哭泣,在泰晤士河岸上悲歌。[back]
182 By:在……旁邊(=By the side of)。the waters of Leman:日內瓦湖水。日內瓦湖(Lake of Geneva)的法文作Lake Leman;該湖位於洛桑(Lausanne)附近。"the waters of Leman"有「慾湖之水」的含意,影射本節的主題「慾火」(參閱 "Introduction" 部分)。因為Leman這個字有「情婦」(paramour)或「妓女」(prostitute)的含意。這行是套用猶太人悼念從前流落在巴比倫時的話:"By the river of Babylon, there we sat down, yea, we wept, when we remembered Zion."(參閱舊約詩篇137:1)。[back]
183-184 Sweet Thames…long:這兩行(大意同176行)描寫詩中主角的幻念(illusion),跟以上諸行描寫的殘酷現實成對比。[back]
185-192 大意是:背後颳起一陣迅急的冷風,枯骨亂響,老鼠竄經草木,爬過河岸;時值冬夜,「我」在煤氣廠後頭的運河釣魚,想起已逝的父兄。[back]
185 a cold blast:迅急的冷風。[back]
186 The rattle of the bones:枯骨咕咚的響聲。

chuckle spread from ear to ear:從耳到耳伸展開的咯咯笑聲,指骷髏的嘻笑狀或死亡的容貌。[back]

187 vegetation:植物;草木。[back]
188 Slimy belly:黏糊糊的肚皮。

the dull canal:沈鬱的運河。[back]

190 gashouse:煤氣廠(=gasworks)。[back]
191-192 Musing…him:這兩行典出莎翁「暴風雨」(The Tempest)一劇。Prospero原為米蘭公爵,其弟 Antonio僭位,把他趕走。後來Antonio搭船行經Prospero匿居的荒島附近,被Prospero作法沉了船,船上的人只好棄船泅到荒島上。The King my brother Antonio,是Prospero想起自己作法把他兄弟的船沉了,the King my father則指那不勒斯王Alonso。整個192行記述Ferdinand泅到岸上後,以為父王已死,獨自憂思悲傷的一幕。[back]
193-195 大意是;雪白的裸軀展現在低濕的地面上,白骨棄在墳墓裡頭,年年只有老鼠跑來跑去時發出的吵雜聲。[back]
193 White…ground:這行的意象取自「水」,象徵神的復生。按:希臘女獵神Artemis(亦為貞潔女神)曾於某水泉中洗浴,被獵人Actaeon無意中窺見。Artemis在盛怒之餘,將 Actaeon變成一隻公鹿,結果被隨行的獵狗嚙斃。「雪白的裸軀」指Artemis裸浴的樣子。[back]
194 a little low dry garret:矮小而乾燥的石屋,指墳墓。[back]
195 Rattled:(老鼠疾走時發出的)嘎嘎聲;Rattled係過去分詞,修飾上一行的garret[back]
196-202 大意是:但在我的背後時時傳來汽車的喇叭聲和馬達聲,而Sweeney便是在春天搭乘汽車來找Porter太太的。月光照在Porter太太和她女兒的身上,她們倆在蘇打水裡濯足,聽孩子們的聖潔的歌聲。[back]
197 The sound of horns and motors:喇叭和馬達的噪音,指現代都市的車聲,這跟森林內打獵聲成強烈的對比。[back]
198 Sweeney:一個庸俗的現代人,只知追求肉慾的滿足。 Mrs. Porter:傳係首次大戰期間在開羅經營淫業的一個老鴇,其女亦為娼妓。

spring:春天。春臨人間本應帶來生命的復甦,但對 SweeneyMrs. Porter這類現代都市的頹廢人物而言,春天的意義就是亂交(promiscuity)。[back]

199 the moon shone bright on:皎明的月光照在……上。按 Artemis是女獵神,也是月神,是貞潔的象徵;貞潔的月光照在Porter母女身上,成一強烈的對照與諷刺。[back]
201 They wash their feet in soda water:在蘇打水中洗腳。此行模仿大戰時澳軍軍中流行的歌曲。其中feetmaidenhead ,意指妓女跟狎客性交後,用蘇打洗淨陰部。用淨水滌垢本是春祭中一個莊重的儀式,現在卻跟妓女淨滌性器一樣,生命的神聖意義,其變質與墮落,可想而知。[back]
202 Et O ces voix d'enfants, chantant dans la coupole! = And O those children's voices, singing in the dome! 啊,那些孩子們的歌聲,在大教堂(dome = cathedral)裡詠唱!這是聖潔而無邪的歌聲,在追尋聖杯的故事中,唱於濯足體,才能去除咀咒。聖潔的歌聲與上一行的穢歌,又成一強烈的對照。[back]
203-206 大意是:夜鶯悲啼,是因前生曾遭強暴,故四處訴怨(參閱97-103行的註釋)。[back]
206 Tereu:即Tereus,拉丁文的呼格(vocative form)作Teru ,係色雷斯(Thrace)的一個國王。典故見99-103行註。第196-201行描寫亂,而203-206行描寫強暴;荒原上,肉慾橫流,男女之間沒有正常的結合,春天也不帶來新生。[back]
207-214 大意是:冬日正午,倫敦的穢霧朦朧,Eugenides這個滿嘴鬍鬚的葡萄乾商人,拿著見票即付的憑單,以很低鄙的法文,邀我一起到肯隆街旅館吃午飯,然後到the Metropole 去共渡週末。[back]
209 Mr. Eugenides:一個只知追求性慾的滿足,粗俗而低鄙的人物。

Smyrna:地名,現易名為伊士麥(Izmir),是土耳其西部的一個海港。[back]

210 Unshaven:(鬍鬚)未刮的。

currants:葡萄乾。

Mr. Eugenides是個販責葡萄乾的商人。口袋裡帶了一些當樣品。[back]

211 C.i.f.=包括Cost, insurance, freight運到倫敦的價格。 documents at sight:見票即付的憑據。[back]
212 demotic:低俗的;粗鄙的。[back]
213 the Canon Street Hotel:倫敦市肯隆街(Canon Street)上一家低賊的旅館,是當時祉賈往返的歐陸的一個休息站。[back]
214 the Metropole:一家時髦而豪華的旅館,在英格蘭南岸,離倫敦60英哩外的Brighton[back]
215-227 描寫一個女打字員下班返回住處,整理家務,洗灑衣物(Tiresia是目擊者)。[back]
215 violet hour:紫色的時刻,指黃昏。[back]
216 Turn upward:(把眼和背)朝上。這是一個在辦公室內的女打字員,俯身工作,仰頭伸背,並看看時鐘。

human engine:人的引擎,指心臟。[back]

217 throbbing:悸動。這位女打字員在等候男友,其內心跳動,有如計程車的引擎發動著的情況。[back]
218 Tiresias:古希臘提比斯(Thebes)的一位預言家。 Ovid 的「變形記」中提到這麼一則故事:某日, Tiresias在森林中,看到兩條蛇在交尾,用棍擊之,而變為女身。七年之後,又見那兩條蛇,再用棍擊之,又復為男身。其後,天神(Zeus)跟天后(Hera)曾為性交時到底是男的還是女的能得到較多的快感一事,爭論不,便召曾為男身和女身的Tiresias來。Tiresias說是女的所獲快感較多。天后在盛怒之餘,把Tiresias的兩眼弄瞎了。天神憐其無辜,因賜以預言的能力。這樣, Tiresias雖然失去了視力(sight),卻獲得了洞察和預知的能力(insight and foresight)。按Tiresias在本詩中雖僅屬一旁觀者,卻是最重要的人物,是全詩的說話者(speaker),使得詩中的人物融合一體。獨眼商人和賣葡萄乾的商人,合而為Phoenician水手(後者又與 Ferdinand相關),所有的女人亦融為一個女人,而兩性則可見於Tiresias。 Tiresias所見的,實即本詩的精蘊。[back]
219 wrinkled female breasts:起了縐紋的乳房。[back]
222 teatime:吃茶點的時刻。[back]
223 stove:火爐。

lays out:準備好了。

tins:罐裝食物。女打字員返家,攜那名水手同行,抵家清除剩餘的早餐,生起火爐,把罐裝食物準備好,這一切都顯示單調而機械化的生活。[back]

224 perilously spread:危險地攤開來(晾乾);褻衣攤開來在日光(陽)下曝曬,就像女人的玉體橫陳(陰),有被強暴的可能,因此是危險的(perilous)。[back]
225 combinations:女人的內衣;褻衣。

touched by the sun's last rays:讓斜陽餘暉照射。[back]

226 divan:沙發。[back]
227 camisoles:短袖襯衣。

stays:緊身搭。[back]

228-248 描寫一個女打字員與一個小代理商行的職員相姦的事。由 Tiresias當目擊者。[back]
228 dugs:乳房(=breasts)。[back]
229 Perceived the scene:看到了那一幕。[back]
231 carbuncular:滿臉面皰的。[back]
232 A small house agent's clerk:一家小代理商(行)的職員。

one bold stare:色膽包天地看了一眼。[back]

233 low:下流,低鄙的人物。[back]
234 Bradford:英格蘭北部的一個工業城,第一次大戰期間,該地有許多投機份子因製造毛織品而成暴發戶。[back]
235 The time is now propitious:現在正是時候。

propitious;順遂的。

he:指那職員。[back]

236 bored and tired:覺得無聊而疲倦。[back]
237 caresses:愛撫。[back]
238 unreproved:沒有受到責罵。指職員的愛撫未受到拒絕。

undesired:不想要。指女打字員漠然的態度。她雖不想讓那職員愛撫,但也沒加以拒絕。[back]

238 Flushed:激動。

assaults:攻擊,指職員強暴女打字員。[back]

239 Exploring hands:摸索的手。指職員對女打字員毛手毛腳。[back]
240 Encounter no defense:沒有遭遇反抗。

vanity:滿足性慾的心。

requires no response:不需要反應。[back]

242 a welcome of indifference:女打字員雖沒甚麼反應,但那職員對這種冷漠,亦不無歡迎。[back]
243 foresuffered:已先忍受過。[back]
244 Enacted:扮演。[back]
246 lowest of the dead:指地獄。[back]
247 Bestows:給予。句子主詞he省略。

patronising kiss:給予恩惠似的一吻。[back]

248 gropes:摸索。

the stairs unlit:沒有照亮(漆黑)的樓梯,指那個職員跟女打字員做愛後摸索著漆黑的樓梯下樓。「漆黑的樓梯」亦隱指陰部。[back]

249-256 女打字員在做愛之後,只是一片漠然。而253-256行中述及Olivia被誘姦後卻痛不欲生。兩相比較,可以看出性對女打字員這樣的現代女性已經沒意義。[back]
249 glass:鏡子(=mirror)。[back]
253-256 stoop to folly:對荒唐而愚蠢的事屈服,不加反抗。Eliot的原註中提到Oliver Goldsmith所寫的The Vicar of Wakefield。其中,當Olivia回到她被誘姦之處時唱道: "When lovely woman stoops to folly
And finds too late that men betray
What charm can soothe her melancholy,
What art can wash her guilt away?
The only art her guilt to cover,
To hide her shame from every eye,
To give repentance to her lover
And wring his bosom-is to die." [back]
257-265 這一段中描述曼陀林(mandolin)優美的聲音,漁販忙後的檢息,以及Magnus Martyr教堂中皇的佈置,在在暗示一種有真實價值的世界。在這個世界中,工作和休閑都實實在在,且有宗教的滋潤。但這只是在幾已喪失的世界上瞬間的一瞥而已。[back]
257 典出莎劇「暴風雨」(The Tempest, I,ii,391)。在此劇中Ferdinand在哭泣,因為他以為他父親Alonso已溺死,但忽然聽見Ariel唱道:
"… nothing of him doth fade
But doth suffer a sea-change
Into something rich and strange."
意思是說Alonso並沒有死,只是受了海的洗禮而變得更好。本詩中Eliot提到「暴風雨」這劇時甚多(例如第48行,第191行等)因為作者認為「海變」(sea-change)是purification(洗除罪惡)和refreshment(恢復生命)的象徵,而"the waste land"卻是一個無水的荒地。[back]
258 The Strand:為倫敦西部的一條街道。

Queen Victoria Street:為倫敦市中靠泰晤士河的一條街名。[back]

259 O City city:City of London[back]
261 曼陀林所發出婉轉幽怨之聲。[back]
263 fishmen:不是fishermen(打魚之漁夫),而是在 Billingsgate魚市中工作的魚販。[back]
264 Magus Martyr:為一教堂名。據Eliot原註,此教堂之室內裝飾是Sir Christopher Wren所佈置,是幾個最漂亮的教堂之一。[back]
265 Inexplicable:神秘的。

Ionian:希臘人。

white and gold:光輝。[back]

266-306 為三個泰晤士河畔少女之歌(The Song of the 〔three〕Thames-daughters)。其中292-306行為三泰晤士河畔少女輪流敘述她們的遭遇。在Wagner的歌劇中有 "the Rhine-daughters"(萊茵河畔之少女)一齣。劇情說萊茵河畔之少女惋惜她們所看管的金子被人偷走,因此不但萊茵河失其光彩,她們也不再快樂。於是,她們請求英勇的Siegfried去找她們的寶藏。Eliot在此不但採用Wagner之韻律,同時在277-278行用了相同的疊句(refrain)─Weialala leia, Wallala leialala.意在諷刺今日泰晤士河畔之少女,失去了貞操,卻無動於衷。[back]
266 sweats:河中發出之水氣。[back]
267 Oil and tar:河水中所浮之油和黑油。在此為工業化世界之寫實。[back]
268 barge;平底輕貨船。[back]
272 leeward:順風;向下風地。[back]
275 Greenwich reach:格林威治河區。該處在泰晤士河之南岸,在Isle of Dogs(半島)的對面。[back]
275-276 在格林威治河區之附近過Isle of Dogs(半島)之處。[back]
279 Elizabeth and Leicester:De Quadra寄給西班牙王菲力普(Philip of Spain)信中提到,Leicester公爵曾在此向伊券莎白女士求婚,可惜沒有成功。其情其景甚為高雅。在此用來對比泰晤士河旁之現狀。[back]
282 A gilded shell:塗上金色的船身。[back]
288-289 The peal of bell/White towers:白色倫敦塔上發出響亮之鐘聲。[back]
292 Trams:倫敦街上之電車(當時已有電車)。[back]
292-295 為第一位泰晤士河畔少女之遭遇。但丁(Dante)在The Purgatorio中說:他在地獄中遇見一位Siena地方的少女。她之進地獄是因為她的丈夫叫人把她從Maremma古堡窗口推下而死。但丁的詩句為:"Siena made me, Maremma undid me."Purgatorio, V, 133)此處Eliot遊戲般的模倣但丁之句法,但用了三個地名。
Highbury:倫敦附近之住宅區。
Richmond
為倫敦比較優美之市區位於泰晤士河東岸。KewRichmond旁,有一出名的花園在此。而 "Highbury bore me. Richmond and Kew undid me."此二句為雙關語,可能為「我出生於Highbury之地,而死於 RichmondKew一帶。」也可能把這三處人格化而成為 Highbury這人抬著我,RichmondKew二人強姦我(因為 bore有生,或抬著之意,而
undid有死或誘姦之意)。[back]
294-295 By Richmond…narrow canoe:Richmond旁,我舉起雙膝仰睡(Supine)在獨木舟中。暗指被姦時的情形。

floor:船底。

canoe:獨木舟。[back]

296-299 為第二少女所述之遭遇。[back]
296 My feet are at Moorgate:我現住Moorgate之地(倫敦東部之貧民區)。[back]
296-297 my heart under my feet:我為一現實,少幻想(not romantic)之女人。[back]
298 After the event:事後(做愛之後)。[back]
299 resent:怨恨。[back]
300-305 為第三少女所述之遭遇。[back]
300 On Margate Sands:在泰晤士河灣之沙灘上。[back]
301-302 我什麼也不記得。[back]
306-310 為第三段(The Fire Sermon)總結。[back]
306 la la:看哪!啊呀!(驚歎聲)[back]
307 這句引自St. Augustine「懺悔錄」(Confessions)一書。 St. Augustine在書中述他年輕時好色的情形。其中Carthage 為一罪惡之地。[back]
307 佛教中(Buddha's Fire Sermon, translated by Henry Clarke Warren)說讓火燒去一切的凡思。[back]
308 在「懺悔錄」一書中,St. Augustine說:「我被外界美色所惑,但您已把我從火坑中救出」。(I entangle my steps with these outward beauties, but thou pluckest me out.pluckest:拔救出來。306311Eliot用西方St. Augustine的話和東方佛教的思想來喚起大家放棄一切食色之慾,以作此段之結束。[back]
 
   
     
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