³¯µ®¸a
March, 2011
Jade Snow Wong (¶À¥É³·) ¡]1922-2006¡^
³Q´ö´@´@¡]Maxine Hong Kingston¡^³ë¬°¡u¨È¬ü¤å¾Ç¤§¥À¡vªº¶À¥É³·¡A¨ä¦Ûº³¡§@«~¢w¢w¦Û¶Ç¡mµØ¤kªü¤¡n¡]Fifth Chinese Daughter¡^¢w¢w©ó¤@¤E¥|¤¦~¥Xª©§Y¨ü¥þ¬ü¤Î¨È¬wµ¥¦aªºÆf¥Ø»P°jÅT¡C¦oªº§@«~§e²{¤F¨ä¨È¬ü¦¨ªøI´º¡B¤¤°ê¶Ç²Î¤å¤Æ»P¬ü°ê¤å¤Æ»ùÈ¡A³o¤TªÌ¤§¶¡ªº¦h¤è½Ä¬ð¨Ï¨ä§@«~¨ü¨ì¼sªxªº°Q½×»P§åµû¡A¨Ã¼vÅT¤F«á¥@¨È¬ü§@®aªº¼g§@·®æ¡C
¤@¡B¦¨ªøI´º
¶À¥É³·©ó¤@¤E¤G¤G¦~¤@¤ë¤G¤Q¤@¤é¥X¥Í©óª÷¤s¤@Ó©T¦u¤¤°ê¶Ç²Îªº®a®x¡A©ó®a¤¤¤E¦W¤l¤k±Æ¦æ²Ä¤¡C¤÷¿Ë¬°²M±Ð®{ªª®v¡AÝÀçªA¸Ë¤u¼t¡A¹ï©ó¤l¤kªº±Ð¨|¤Q¤Àªºª`«¡F¥À¿Ë«h¬°¤@¦ì¶Ô»ü«ù®a¶Ç²Îªº¤¤°ê¤k©Ê¡C¶À¥É³·ªº¨à®É±Ð¨|«K¬O¥Ñ¨ä¤÷±Ð±Â¤¤¤å¡B¤¤°ê¾ú¥v»P®Ñªk¡A¦Ó¨ä¥À¶Ç±Â²i¶¹§Þ¥©»P¤¤°ê¶Ç²Î¤k©Ê¬ü¼w¡C¤W¬ü°ê¤p¾Ç¤§«á¡A¶À¥É³·©M®a¤¤¨ä¥L¤l¤k§¡¶·©ó½Ò«á´NŪ¤¤¤å¾Ç®Õ¡F¦o¦b»y¨¥¡B¾\Ū©M¼g§@¤è±®i²{ªº¹ï¤¤¤åºë½T©M¼ô½mªº´x´¤«×¡A°£¤F¨Ó¦Û®a®xªºÄY®æ±Ð¨|¡A¤]¨Ó¦Û¤¤°ê¤å¤ÆºëÀHªº¶Ç©Ó¡C¤¤¾Ç²¦·~«á¡A¶À¥É³·±ýÄ~Äò¨D¾ÇµM¥¼±o®a¤¤¤ä«ù¡A¦]¨ä¤÷»{¬°°ß¦³°ö¾i¯à¶Ç©v±µ¥Nªº¨à¤l¤è¤~¦³¥Î¡C§Y«K¦p¦¹¡A¦o¨Ã¥¼©ñ±ó¤É¾Ç¡A¦b¤@¤E¥|¹s¦~¾a¦Û¤v¥b¤u¥bŪ§¹¦¨Âª÷¤s±M¬ì¾Ç®Õ¡A¨Ã©ó¨â¦~«áʵ۴X¦ì¼ö¤ßªº¥Õ¤H°ü¤kªºÀ°§U¡A§¹¦¨¤F¦Ìº¸´µ¤k¤l¤j¾Ç¡]Mills College¡^ªº¾Ç¤h¾Ç¦ì¡C
¥®®É¦¨ªø©ó¤¤°ê«°ªº¶À¥É³·¹ï©ó©M¥Õ¤H±µÄ²ªº¸gÅç¤Î³QºØ±Úª[µøªº·P¨ü¤£¦h¡C¤¤¾Ç©M¤j¾Ç´NŪ´Á¶¡¡A¦oµo²{¥un¬O´y¼g¦³Ãö¤¤°ê¤å¤Æªº¤å³¹³£¯à¨ü¨ì®vªø»P¦P¾«ªº³ß·R¡C¤j¾Ç²¦·~«á¡A¦o¦b¤@¶¡¤½¥q¥ô¾¯µ®Ñ¡AµM«Ü§Öµo²{³o¥÷¤u§@¤£¾A¦X¦Û¤v¡A¦]¬°¦oª¾¹D¦Û¤vµLªk©ó¥Õ¤H¨k©Ê¥D¾ÉªºÂ¾³õ¤WÀò±o¦¨¥\¡A³oÃþºØ±Ú°¾¨£ªºÄ±¿ô¦¨¬°±Òµo¦o¼g§@ªºì¦]¡C
¥Ñ©ó¹ï³³²¡¦³µÛ¿@«pªº¿³½ì¡A¦b¤G¦¸¤j¾Ôµ²§ô«á¶À¥É³·¨M©w¦b¤¤°ê«°®i¶}³³²¡¨Æ·~¡FµM¥¼¨ü®a¤H¤ä«ù»PµØ¤HªÀ¸s«C·ý¡A¤Ï©ó¥Õ¤HÅU«È¸s¤¤Àò±o°jÅT¡C¤@¤E¤¹s¦~¡A¦o»PµØ¸ÇÃÀ³N®aWoodrow Ongµ²±B¨Ã¨|¦³¥|¦W¤l¤k¡A¤Ò°üǦ³®É·|¦X§@°µ³³²¡¡A«á¨Ó¶}¤F¤@®a®È¦æªÀ¡C¤@¤E¥|¤¦~¡A¡m«¢ªi¡n¡]Harpers¡^Âø»x¥D½s¨Ý¯Ã¬ù¥Xª©®aªº¥ì²ú²ï¥Õ¡E³ÒÛ´µ¡]Elizabeth Lawrence¡^ ¨Ó«Hªí¥Ü¹ï¶À¥É³·©óª÷¤s¤¤°ê«°ªº¦¨ªø¬G¨Æ·P¿³½ì¡A°ò©ó³ÒÛ´µªº¤å¦r¯u¼°»P¶À¥É³·©ó¦oªº·q¨Ø¡A¶À¥É³·µªÀ³¦b¨ä³³²¡¨Æ·~¦¨¥\«á¶}©l¼¶¼g¦Û¶Ç¡C¶À¥É³·ªº¦¨¦W§@¡mµØ¤kªü¤¡n¡]Fifth Chinese Daughter¡^©ó¤@¤E¥|¤¦~¥Xª©¡A¨Ã©ó¤@¤E¤¹s¦~¥Xª©×qª©¡A®Ñ¤¤°O¿ý¤F¦oªºµ£¦~¡B«C¤Ö¦~¡B¤j±M¡B©M¤j¾Ç®É´Áªº¬G¨Æ¡C¦¹¦Û¶Ç¨j¥Xª©§YÀò¼s¤j¦¨¥\¡A¬Æ¦Ü³Q¬ü°ê©x¤è½Ķ¦¨¤¤¤å¡B¤é¤å¡B®õ»yµ¥¼ÆºØ¨È¬w»y¨¥¡A¦b¨È¬w¥ç¨ü¼s¤j°jÅT¡C¤@¤E¤¤T¦~¡A¬ü°ê¬F©²ÁܽЦo¨ì¨È¬w¦U°ê¨µ°jºtÁ¿¡A¤À¨É¦o¦b¬ü°ê¦¨¥\ªº¥Í¬¡¸gÅç¡C¦o¼g¹D¡G¡u§ÚÀòÁܦܨȬw¨µ°jºtÁ¿¬O¦]¬°¤j¦h¼Æªº¨È¬wŪªÌ¤£¬Û«H¤@Ó¤¤°ê²¾¥Á¤k©Ê¯à¦b¬ü°ê³oÓ¥Rº¡ºØ±Úª[µøªº°ê®aÀò±o¦¨¥\¡v¡C¤@¤E¤¤K¦~¥H°¡A¶À¥É³·±`ÂǵۤV¤Òªº®È¦æªÀ¨Æ·~¤§«K»P¨ä¤Ò¤@¦P¹CÄý¨È¬w°ê®a¡A¦b¨C¦~ªº®È¦æ¤¤Æ[¹î¤¤°êªºÂàÅÜ¡C¤@¤E¤C¤¦~¡A¦o¥Xª©¤F²Ä¤G¥»®Ñ¡m¤£¬OµØ¤H²§¶m«È¡n¡]No Chinese Stranger¡^¡C
¤G¡B§@«~¤¶²Ð
¤@¡B¡mµØ¤kªü¤¡n¡]Fifth Chinese Daughter¡^
¡mµØ¤kªü¤¡n¬°¶À¥É³·¦Û¶Çªº¤W¶°¡CÁö¬O¦Û¶ÇÅé¡AµM¦o«ö¤¤°ê¤H¦ÛÁ¾ªº¶Ç²Î¡A¥H²Ä¤T¤HºÙÁ¿z¦Û¤v±q¤·³¨ì¤G¤Q¥|·³¤§¶¡ªº¦¨ªø¬G¨Æ¡C®Ñ¤¤¤j´T¤¶²Ð¤¤°ê¹ÃÐ
¡B¤å¤Æ¥H¤Îª÷¤s¤¤°ê«°¡C¶À¥É³·¦b¤@¤E¤K¤E¦~ª©¥»ªº¤Þ¨¥¤¤½Í¨ì¦o¼g®Ñªº¥Øªº¬O·Q¡uÅý¬ü°ê¤H§ó¤F¸Ñ¤¤°ê¤å¤Æ¡v¡Cº¥ý¡A¦o±ýÂǥѨä¦Û¶Ç±a»âŪªÌ¶i¤J¨È¬üªÀ·|¦Ó«á³sµ²ªF¦è¤èªÀ·|¡F¨ä¦¸¡A¦o±ý±j½Õ¦Û¤v¨¬°¦¨ªø©ó¬ü°êªºµØ¸Ç¤k©Ê¡A¦p¦óµ²¦X¨âºØ¤å¤Æ¡A¦p¦ó¬°°l¨DÓ¤H¦¨¥\¦Ó¦b¾Ç³N©M°Ó·~»â°ì¾Ä°«¡B±Ã¤ã¡C°ò¥»¤W¡A¹ï¨È¬üªÀ¸s¬¡ÆF¬¡²{ªº´y¼g»P¨ä¿W¥ß¦Û¥Dªº½T¥ß¬°¡mµØ¤kªü¤¡nªº¬G¨Æ®Ö¤ß¡C¬°¤FÅý¬ü°ê¤H¤F¸Ñ¤¤°ê¤å¤Æ¡A¶À¥É³·¦b®Ñ¤¤°O¿ý³\¦h¤å¤Æ²Ó¸`¡A¨ä¤¤µÛ¾¥³Ì¦hªº¬O¶¼¹²ßºD©M¸`¼y²ß«U¡A¦ÓµØ¤Hªº¸`¼y¤S±`±`»P¹ª«¬ÛÃö¡CÄ´¦p¦b§Ì§Ìº¡¤ë°sªº¨º¤@³¹¸Ì¡A¦o¹d²ÓÃû¿ò¦a¦C¥X®a¸Ì¬°¿Ë±»P«È¤H©Ò·Ç³Æªº¹ª«¡A¦³¡u¬õ³J¡v¡B¡uÁ¤¥À¿L½Þ¸}¡v¡B¡uÀn¦×¡v¡B¡uÂû¦×¡v¡B¡u¨ÅÂF¡v©M¡u¤û¦×¡v¡A³s²iµN¹ª«©Ò¥Îªº¤¤°ê»¶´Ô¡B½Õ¨ý®Æ¡B½µæ³£¦³¸Ô²Ó°O¸ü¡C°£¤F¹ª«¤§¥~¡A¶À¥É³·¹ï¤¤°ê±B³à¸`¼yªº¨èµe¤]§l¤Þ¤F²³¦hŪªÌ¡C¦b²Ä¤³¹¡q¨¬°µØ¤H«Ü©¯¹B¡r¤¤¹ïµØ¤Hªº¹A¾ä¬K¸`¨ã½Ñ¦hµÛ¾¥¡A¦Û¤j±½°£¶}©l¡Aªì¤@¬ï·s¦ç¡B»¡¯¬¶Pµü¡u®¥³ßµo°]¡v¡B¬°®a¤¤²KÁÊ·sÂ\¹¢¡B»RÀs»R·à¡BÀ£·³¿ú¡B¨ì©ñ¬¶¦Ë¦A¦^¨ì¹ª«ªº´y¼g¡C°£¤F¹A¾ä¬K¸`¥~¡A¦o±µµÛ¤¶²Ð¨ä¥L¸`¤é¢w¤¤¬î¸`¢w¦A¦¸º¡¨¬ÅªªÌ¹ï¤¤°êªº·Q¹³»P¦n©_¤ß¡C³z¹L§¹¾ã§e²{µØ¤Hªº¶Ç²Î¥Í¬¡¤è¦¡¡A¤¤°ê«°³Q´y¼g¦¨¤@Ó¥Rº¡²§°ê·¨ý¡B®T¼Ö©Ê¤Q¨¬ªº¦a¤è¡C³o¨Ç¹ïµØ¤HªÀ¸s¥Í¬¡¥Rº¡´r§Öªº´yø»P¥H©¹¬ü°ê¤j²³¹ï¤¤°ê«°¡u³h¥Á¸]¡vªº¨èª©¦L¶H¤j¬Û³w®x¡CÁöµM³o¨Ç²Ó¸`¥R¤À¥B¯u¹êªº´yzª÷¤s¤¤°ê«°ªºµØ¤H¥Í¬¡¡A«o¤]¦¨¬°¡mµØ¤kªü¤¡n³Q§åµûªºì¦]¡C³¡¤À§åµûªÌ»{¬°¶À¥É³·³o¨Çªñ¥Gº¾¸Hªº´y¼g¬O¬°¤Fªï¦X³ßÅw²§°ê±¡½Õ¤S¹ï¤¤°ê¤å¤Æ¤@µL©Òª¾ªº¥Õ¤HŪªÌ¡A¦³¡u¤¤°ê«°¾É¹C¡v¤§¶û¡C¾ã¥»¦Û¶Ç¤¤¡A¶À¥É³·°í«ù¦P®É¾Ö¦³¨âÓ·¥¬°¤£¦Pªº¤å¤Æ¢w¤¤°ê¶Ç²Î¡þ¬ü°ê»ùÈÆ[¢w¨Ã¤£¼vÅT¦o°l¨DÓ¤H¦Û¥D©Ê¡C¾¨ºÞ¤¤°ê¾§®a«ä·Q¤¤¹ï¤k©Êªº¨£¸Ñ»P¦o©Ò°l¨Dªº¤£¦P¡A¦o¤]±q¥¼¤Ï¹ï¨ä¤å¤Æ¶Ç©Ó¡F¬Û¤Ï¦a¡A¦o¸ÕµÛ¥Î¦Û¤vªº¤è¦¡¾ã¦X³o¨âºØ¤å¤Æ¡C¦³µû½×®a§å§P¡mµØ¤kªü¤¡n¥¼¹ïºØ±Ú°¾¨£¥[¥HÄþ³d¡A©¿²¤¾ú¥v¨Æ¹ê¡A¨ÃÄ묹µØ¤HªÀ¸s¥H´«¨ú¦b¬ü°ê¥D¬yªÀ·|ªº¦a¦ì¡CµM¦Ó¦¹®Ñ½T¹ê¬°¦b·í®ÉµØ»y¤å¾Ç¨IÀqªº¦~¥NµoÁn¨Ã¦û¦³¤@®u¤§¦a¡C
¤G¡B¡m¤£¬OµØ¤H²§¶m«È¡n¡]No Chinese Stranger¡^
¡@¡m¤£¬OµØ¤H²§¶m«È¡n¬°¶À¥É³·¦Û¶Çªº¤U¶°¡A¦@¤À¤TÓ³¡¥÷¡C²Ä¤@³¡¥÷Á¿z§@ªÌªº¤÷¿Ë¡B±B«Ã»P¨Æ·~µo®i¡C²Ä¤G³¡¥÷¥H²Ä¤@¤HºÙ´y¼g¦Û¤vªº¥Í¬¡¡A²Ä¤T³¡¥÷¥Dn´y¼g¤@¤E¤C¤G¦~ªº¤¤°ê¤§®È¡C»P¡mµØ¤kªü¤¡n¬Û¥é¡A§@ªÌ±ýªí¹F¨ä¦p¦ó¦b¨âÓ¤£¦P¤å¤Æ¤¤¨ú±o¥¿Å¡C¨¬°¬ü°êµØ¸Ç²Ä¤G¥Nªº¦o»{¬°¦b±µ¨ü·s¤å¤Æ«e¡A¥ý²z¸Ñ¤å¤Æ¡C®Ñ¤¤¥H¤÷¿Ë¬°¥LÌ«O¯d¨à®É¾Ç²ß¤¤¤å¨Ï¥Îªº½Ò¥»¤@¨Æ¹D¥X¤¤°ê²¾¥Á®`©È¤l¤k¥¢¥h¤å¤Æ»{¦PªºµJ¼{·P¡F®Ñ¥½¶À¥É³·ªí¹F¹ï©ó¦Û¤v¬O¡u¥Í¦b¬ü°êªºµØ¤H¡v¡]American-born Chinese¡^ªº¨¤À½T¥ß¥H¤Î¹ï©óºØ±Ú°¾¨£ªº«ä¦Ò¡C¦p¦P¦b¡mµØ¤kªü¤¡n¤¤´y¼gªº¤@¼Ë¡A¦o¦~»´®É¾aµÛÓ¤H·N§Ó¡B§V¤O¹ï§ÜªÀ·|ºØ±Úª[µøªº¤£¤½¡A¾ð¥ßµØ¸Ç¬ü°ê¤H¬°¡u¤Ö¼Æ±Ú¸Ç¼Ò½d¥Í¡v§Î¶H¡A³Ì²×¦o§Æ±æ¬ü°ê¤£·|¦A¦³¡uµØ¤H²§¶m«È¡vªº¦s¦b¡C
References
Chen, Fu Jen. “Jade Snow Wong.” Asian American Autobiographers: A Bio-bibliographical Critical Sourcebook. Ed. Guiyou Huang. Greenwood Publishing Group, 2001. 389-96.
Kapai, Leela. “Jade Snow Wong.” Asian American novelists: A Bio-bibliographical Critical Sourcebook. Ed. Nelson, Emmanuel Sampath. Greenwood Publishing Group, 2000. 387-390.
Wong, Jade Snow. Fifth Chinese Daughter. U of Washington Press, 1989.
Ziqing, Zhang. “A Witness to the History of Chinese Immigrants in the United States: An Interview with Jade Snow Wong in Nanjing, 2002/4/17.” Contemporary Literature: East & West 5.1 (Autum2003): 190-210.
|