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  colonialism --

• military, economic, cultural oppression/domination of one country over another.
• e.g. European invasion of Africa, Asia and the Americas since the 16 century onwards.

e.g. pre-capitalist colonialism: Before it, the Crusades in the 2nd century; Genghis Khan's invasion of Middle East as well as China in the 13th century. (from Postcolonialism page in Literary Criticism Databank)