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April, 2011

 

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        ¥ô¾À½¬ªº¥»¦W¬°Lillian Jen¡A1955¦~¥X¥Í©ó¯Ã¬ù¥«¡C¦oªºµ§¦WGish Jen¡A¨ú¦Û©ó¤@­Ó¬ü°êÀq¤ù¤kºt­ûLillian Gishªº©m¡C¥ô¾À½¬¨Ó¦Û¤@­Ó®a±ÐÄY®æªº®a®x¡A¤÷¥À§¡¬O¤¤°ê²¾¥Á¡F¥À¿Ë¬O¯d¾Ç¬ü°êªº¤W®ü´I®a¤k¡A¤÷¿Ë«h¬O¤@¦ì³Q°ê¥Á¬F©²¬£¨ì¬ü°ê¨ó½Õ¤G¾Ô¨Æ©yªº¤ô§Q¤uµ{®v¡C1949¦~¦]¦@²£ÄÒ±µ¦¬¤¤°ê¡A¬ü°ê©Úµ´Åý¥L­Ìªð¦^¤¤°ê¡A¥ô®a¤~¦b¬ü°ê©w©~¨ú±o¬ü°ê°êÄy¡C¦o¦­´Áªºµ£¦~¥Í¬¡¦b¯Ã¬ù¥_³¡¥Õ¤H¤u¤H¶¥¯Å°Ï´­§J´µ¡]Yonkers¡^«×¹L¡A¸g±`¨ü¨ìª[µø¡A©~¥Á·|®³¥ÛÀY¥á¦oÅý¦o¥²¶·¾Ç·|¥Î¬X¹D«OÅ@¦Û¤v¡C¤§«á¥þ®a·h¨ì¤@­ÓµS¤Ó©~¥Á¦û40%ªº°ª¯Å¦í¦v°Ï´µ¥d´µ¥Nº¸ ¡]Scarsdale¡^¡A¨º¸Ì­·®ð¸û¶}©ñ¥]®e¡A¥ô®a¤~¥¼¨ü¨ìª[µø©M¼Ä·N¡C

 

 ¦b¤@¦¸³X½Í¤¤¡A¦o´£¨ì¹ï©ó¼g§@ªº¿³½ì©l©ó°ê¤p¤­¦~¯Å¦b¯Z¤Wªº¤å¾ÇÂø»x§ë½Z¡C°ê¤¤®É´Á¦o¹ï¸Öºq®i²{¿³½ì¡A°ª¤¤«h¾á¥ô®Õ¥Z½s¿è¡C1973¦~¶i¤J«¢¦ò¤j¾Ç­^¤å¨t¡A´Á¶¡¦o¿ï­×¤FµÛ¦W¸Ö¤Hù§B¯S¡E¶O¯÷³Ç©Ô¼w¡]Robert Fitzgerald¡^ªº¸Öºq½Ò¡C¶O¯÷³Ç©Ô¼w¹ªÀy¦oÄ~Äò±q¨Æ¤å¾Ç¤u§@¡A¨Ã±ÀÂ˦o²¦·~«á¶i¤J¥D¬yªºÂù¤é¥Xª©ªÀ¡]Doubleday¡^¡C1977¦~«¢¦ò¤j¾Ç²¦·~«á¡A¦o¨Ã¥¼°¨¤W¨ì¥Xª©ªÀ¤W¯Z¡A¦Ó¬O¨ü¤÷¥À¤§©R¶i¤J¥v¤¦¦ò¤j¾Ç°Ó¾Ç°|¡CµM¦]µLªk³Î±Ë¹ï¤å¾Çªº³ß·R¡A©ó´NŪ°Ó¾Ç°|ªº²Ä¤@¦~³£¦b¼g¤p»¡©M­×¤å¾Ç½Òµ{¡A²Ä¤G¦~¦o«K½ù¾Ç¨ì¤¤°ê®È¦æ¡F1981¦~¦^¨ì¬ü°ê¡A¶i¤JµÛ¦Wªº·R²üµØ§@®a¼g§@§{¾Ç²ß¤å¾Ç³Ð§@¡A¥H¥»¦WLillian Jenµoªí¤F¨â½g¬G¨Æ¡G¡qº¥¤J§x¹Ò¡r¡]¡§Bellying Up¡¨¡^©M¡q³Â³¶ªº¤pÃöÃh¡r(¡§The Small Concerns of Sparrows¡¨)¡C¦Û²Ä¤T½g§@«~¡m¥Õ³Ê¡n¡]White Umbrella¡^¡A¦o«h¶}©l¥Hµ§¦WGish Jen¸p¦W¡C1991¦~¦oµoªí¤Fªø½g¤p»¡¡m¨å«¬ªº¬ü°ê¤H¡n¡]Typical American¡^¡A¸Ó§@Àò±oªº¼s¤j°jÅT¤Î¬ü°ê®Ñµû¤p»¡¼ú¡]National Book Critics Circle Award for Fiction¡^¤J³ò¡A¬°¦o³þ©w¤F§@®a¦a¦ì¡C¤§«á¥ô¾À½¬¥Xª©¤Fªø½g¤p»¡¡m¹Ú®R¦bÀ³³\¤§¦a¡n(Mona in the Promised Land)¡B¡m·R©d¡n¡]The Love Wife¡^©Mµu½g¤p»¡¶°¡m½Ö¬O·Rº¸Äõ¤H?¡n(Who's Irish?)¡A¤T³¡§@«~¬Ò¤J¿ï¬°¡m¯Ã¬ù®É³ø¡n¡]The New York Times¡^¦~«×³Ì¨üÆf¥Øªº®ÑÂÇ¡C¥ô¾À½¬¥Ø«e»P¤V¤Ò¦í¦bªi¤h¹y¡]Boston¡^¡A¨|¦³¨â¤l¡C

 

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¤@¡B¡m¨å«¬ªº¬ü°ê¤H¡n¡]Typical American¡^

       ¡m¨å«¬ªº¬ü°ê¤H¡n¬O¤@³¡²¾¥Á¤p»¡¡A¥H¤G¾Ô«á1950¦~¥N¬ü°ê¯Ã¬ù¬°­I´º¡A±Ô­z¥D¨¤±i©Ôº¸¤Ò ¡]Ralph Chang¡^»P©d¤l®ü­Û¡]Helen¡^¡B©n©n¯S²ú²ï¡]Teresa¡^²¾¥Á¬ü°êªº¸g¾ú¡C¤p»¡¨èµe·s²¾¥Á¢w¢w¤W®üµ×­^¢w¢w©ó¬ü°ê50¦~¥Nªì´Áªº²¾¥Á¥Í¬¡¡A¨Ã½ÆÂø¤Æ¤F¹ï©ó¶Ç²Î²¾¥Á¤å¤Æªº«Ê³¬ªº±Ô­z¡C©Ôº¸¤Ò¡B¯S²ú²ï»P®ü­Û¨Ó¦Û¤W®ü¦³¿ú¤H®a¡A±q¤p±µ¨ü¤¤°ê¶Ç²Î¤å¤Æ±Ð¨|¡C1947¦~©Ôº¸¤Ò³Q¤÷¥À°e©¹¬ü°ê¯d¾Ç¡A«á¨Ó¡A¤¤°ê³Q¦@²£ÄÒ±µ¦¬¡A¯S²ú²ï©M®ü­Û¥H¯d¾Ç¦W¸q¨Ó¨ì¬ü°ê¡C¤§«á¡A©Ôº¸¤Ò»P®ü­Ûµ²±B¡A¤T¤H¤@°_¶}±Ò¦b¬ü°ê¾Ä°«ªº¥Í¬¡¡C¦b¬ü°ê¡A¥L­Ì·P¨ü¨ìªF¦è¤è»ù­ÈÆ[©M¥Í¬¡¤è¦¡ªº¤£¦P¡C¬ü°ê¬O¤@­Ó¡u¥i¥H°µ¥ô¦ó·Q°µªº¨Æ¡vªº°ê®a¡A±j½Õ­Ó¤H¥D¸q¡B¦Û¥Ñ»PÅv§Q¡A¨Ã°l¨Dª«½è¥D¸q¡Bª÷¿ú©M§Q¯q¡C©Ôº¸¤Òµo²{¬ü°ê»ù­ÈÆ[»P¦Û¤v©Ò¨üªº¶Ç²Î¤¤°ê­Û²z»ù­È¬Û½Ä¬ð¡A¤@¶}©l¥H¦Û¤vªº»ù­È¡B¹D¼wÆ[¬°ºa¡A§å§P¡u¨å«¬ªº¬ü°ê¤H¡v¤£¹D¼w¡B³¥ÆZ¡B¤£¾ÇµL³N¡CµMÀHµÛ©w©~ªº®É¶¡¼Wªø¡A±i®a¸gÀ٧ﵽ¡A¥L­Ì¤]³vº¥±µ¨ü¤F¬ü°êªº»ù­ÈÆ[©M¥Í¬¡¤è¦¡¡A¤Ï»P¤¤°ê¶Ç²Î¤å¤Æº¥¦æº¥»·¡G©Ôº¸¤Ò¾á¥ô¤j¾Ç§U²z±Ð±Â¨S¦h¤[«K¶}¤F¬µÂû©±¡A¥B¥H°kº|µ|¤è¦¡¼W¥[§Q¼í¡F®ü­Û¤£ÅU¸gÀÙÀ£¤O¶R¤F­¥°Ï©Ð¤l¨Ã®tÂI»P®æù¯B¡E¤B¡]Grover Ding¡^µo¥Í±B¥~±¡¡C±i®a¤H¤@¶}©l¥H¡u¨å«¬ªº¬ü°ê¤H¡v¤@µüªí¹F¹ï¬ü°ê¤å¤Æªº¤Ï·P©M²¨Â÷¡AµM³Ì«á«o¦Û¤v¤]¦¨¬°¨ä¤¤ªº¤@¥÷¤l¡A¬O¬G¨Æªº¤@¤j¤Ï¿Ø¡C

 

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¤G¡B¡m¹Ú®R¦bÀ³³\¤§¦a¡n¡]Mona in the Promised Land¡^

      ¡m¹Ú®R¦bÀ³³\¤§¦a¡n¬O¥ôÂz½¬©µÄò«e¤@¥»¤p»¡¡m¨å«¬ªº¬ü°ê¤H¡n¡A±Ô­z¥D¨¤±i¹Ú®R¡]Mona Chang¡^ªº¦¨ªø¤p»¡¡C²Ä¤@³¹Á¿­z¹Ú®R13·³ªº¥Í¬¡¡A¥½³¹Á¿­z¦¨¦~«áªº¹Ú®R¡A¤¤¶¡ªº³¹¸`«h¬O¹Ú®R15¦Ü16·³ªº¸g¾ú¡C¬G¨Æ°£±Ô­z¥D¨¤ªº¥Í¬¡ÁÙ°ÑÂø¤F¹ï·í¥N¥ÁÅv¹B°Ê¡B¦h¤¸¤å¤Æ¥D¸qªº±´°Q¡A¨Ã­«·sÀ˵ø¬ü°êªÀ·|ªººØ±ÚÃö«Y¡B±Ú¸Ç»{¦P¤Î¥Á¥D¬Fªvªº°ÝÃD¡C¬G¨Æ¦aÂI¬O¤@­Ó¥H¥ôÂz½¬±q¤p¥Í¬¡ªº«°¥«¢w´µ¥d´µÀ¹º¸¡]Scarsdale¡^¢w¬°­ì«¬ªºµS¤ÓªÀ°Ï¡C±i¹Ú®R¬O¯Z¤W°ß¤@ªº¨È¬w¤H¡A¦]¦¹¦o±`§Q¥ÎÁ¿­z¥Rº¡²§°ê¦â±mªº¤¤°ê¬G¨Æ¡B¤¤°êªZ³N¨Ó¥æ·sªB¤Í¡C¨ü¨ì¦o³Ì¦nªºµS¤ÓªB¤ÍªÝªÝ©Ô¡E¥j®æº¸´µ©Z¡]Barbara Gugelstein¡^ªº¼vÅT¡A16·³ªº¹Ú®R¨M©w§ï«HµS¤Ó±Ð¡C¦o²`¨ü©Ô¤ñ¡]rabbi¡^«Å´­ªºµS¤Ó±Ð¸q¼vÅT¡A¦Û©j©j³Í²ú¡]Callie¡^»P¶Â¤HªB¤Í®R¼Ú»e¡]Naomi¡^¨º¸Ì§l¦¬±Ú¸Ç·NÃÑ»P¥ÁÅv¹B°Êºë¯«¡A¤S¦]¨­Ã䪺ªÝªÝ©Ô¡BÁÉ´µ¡]Seth¡^¡B©MÁÉ´µªºÄ~¥Àªº±a°Ê¡A°ö¾i¤FªÀ·|¹B°Êªº¼ö§Õ»P¥¿¸q·P¡C¥Ñ©ó¹Ú®Rªº¤÷¥À¦b¤¤°êªº¶¥¯Å¦a¦ì¸û°ª¡A¦]¦Ó¦³¤FÀu¶V·P¡A´Á«Ý¨ì¬ü°ê¯à¿Ä¤J¯s®æ¾|ÂħJ»¹¡]Anglo-Saxon¡^¥Õ¤H·s±Ð®{ªº¦a¦ì¡C±i®a¸gÀç¤@®a·Î»æ«Î¡A±N¥D¬yªÀ·|ªººØ±Ú¥D¸q¸¨¹ê©ó­û¤u«Ý¹J¡G¥L­Ì±N¶Â¤HªA°È­û¦ãº¸¥±¹p¼w¡]Alfred¡^¤É¾E¬°¤G¼p«á¡A«K¤£¦A´£©Þ¡A¥u¦]¥Lªº½§¦â¡A»{¬°¨ä¤£¦pµØ¤H¦P¶m­È±o«H¥ô¡C¹Ú®R±oª¾¦ãº¸¥±¹p¼wªº¾D¹J¡A·P¨ì¼«¼«¤£¥­¡A¨M©w»PªÝªÝ©Ô¡BÁÉ´µ¤@°_À°§U¥L¡C

   

        ºØ±ÚÃö«Y»PºØ±Úª[µø¦b¡m¹Ú®R¦bÀ³³\¤§¦a¡n¬O«Ü­«­nªº¥ÀÃD¡A¤p»¡´yø¤F¤@­ÓºØ±Ú¶¥¯Åª÷¦r¶ð¡A¨ä¤¤³Ì³»¼hªº¬O¦ã°Çºû´µ¡E­^®æº¸¡]Eloise Ingle¡^¤@®a¢w¢w¨å«¬ªº¯s®æ¾|ÂħJ»¹¥Õ¤H·s±Ð®{¡B¥D¬y¥Õ¤Hªº¥Nªí¡F¨ä¦¸¬OµS¤Ó¸ÇªºÁÉ´µ®a©MªÝªÝ©Ô®a¡A¥L­Ì¬O¥Õ¤H¤¤ªº®z¶Õ¸sÅé¡A¦]¦¹§Y«K¥L­Ì«D±`´I¦³¦³®É¤´³Qª[µø¡F¦A¨Ó¬O¹Ú®R®a¡A¾aµÛ¸gÀç·Î»æ«Î­P´I¡A¦¨¬°¡u·sµS¤Ó¤H¡v¡AªÀ·|¦a¦ì¤¶©ó¥Õ¤H»P¶Â¤H¤§¶¡¡F³Ì©³¼h¬°¸gÀÙ¡B¬Fªv©MºØ±Ú¤è­±§¡¨üª[µøªº¦ãº¸¥±¹p¼wµ¥¶Â¤H¡C¤k¥D¨¤¹Ú®R¬Û«H¬ü°ê¦Û¥Ñ¥­µ¥ªº»ù­ÈÆ[¡AµM¦Ó¦b¦¨ªø¹Lµ{¤¤¡A¦oÅé»{¤F²z·Q»P²{¹êªº®t¶Z¡A³vº¥¦¨¼ô¡C¦o»{¬°¡u·í¤@­Ó¬ü°ê¤H·N¨ýµÛ§A¥i¥H°µ§A·Q­nªº¤H¡v¡A¦]¦¹¦oÂà«HµS¤Ó±Ð¡A¦ý³o¼Ëªº¬ü°ê¦¡­Ó¤H¥D¸q»P¦o¤¤°ê®a®x¥H¤÷¥Àªº¸Ü¬°¨ÌÂkªº¤¤°ê¦¡­Û²z¬Û¹H­I¡A¨Ï¦o»P®a¤HÃö«Y¤@«×ºò±i¡CµM¦Ó¡AºØ±Ú¥»½è¥D¸q¡]essentialism¡^©M±Ú¸Ç¨­¤ÀÂà´«¡]ethnic exchange¡^¦b³o¥»¤p»¡¬O¤¬¬ÛÅGÃÒªº¥DÃD¡CºØ±Ú¥»½è¥D¸q»{¬°½§¦âµ¥¥Í²z¯S¼x¨M©w­Ó¤HªººØ±Ú¨­¤À©M¤å¤Æ»{¦P¡A¦]¦¹¹Ú®RªºµØ¸Ç¯S¼x¨M©w¤F¦oªº¤å¤Æ»{¦P¡C¨Ò¦p¦o­è¨ì´µ¥d´µ«Âº¸®É¡A·í¦aªºµS¤Ó©~¥Áµø¦o¬°¤¤°ê¤å¤ÆÅv«Â±`©M¦o½Ð±Ð¤¤°ê­¹ª«¡B¤å¤Æµ¥°ÝÃD¡C¥t¥~¦ãº¸¥±¹p¼w»{¬°¹Ú®RÂà´«µS¤Ó¨­¤À¬O¤£¥i¯àªº¡A´N¹³¶Â¤Hªº½§¦â¥Ã»·­­¨î¥Lªº¤å¤Æ»{¦P©M¶¥¯Å¦a¦ì¡C¦Ó¥ôÂz½¬±ý¬D¾ÔªººØ±Ú¥»½è¥D¸q«h³z¹L¤å¤Æ¹ê½î¹F¨ì±Ú¸Ç¨­¤ÀÂà´«¡C¨Ò¦p¤p»¡¸Ì«Ü¦h¤Hª«³£Âà´«¦Û¨­ªº±Ú¸Ç¨­¤À¡A¬Æ¦Ü¬O¦h­«ªºÂà´«¡GÁÉ´µ¬°¤F°l¨D¹Ú®R¥J²Ó¬ã¨s¤é¥»¤å¤Æ¡B«á¨Ó¦Y¤¤°ê­¹ª«¡F®R¼Ú»e¦b¾Ç®Õ¾Ç¤¤¤å¡B¥´¤Ó·¥¡B½m·ìÏÉ¡B³Ü¯ù¡BµN¤¤°êµæ¡F³Í²ú­ì¥»¨Ã¥¼»{¦P¦Û¤vªº¨È¸Ç¨­¤À¡AµM¨ü®R¼Ú»eªº¼vÅT¡A¶}©l¾Ç¤¤¤å¡B§ï¤¤¤å¦W¦r¡C¤p»¡¤¤¤Hª«ªº±Ú¸ÇÂà´«»¡©ú±Ú¸Ç¨­¤À¨Ã«D¤Ñ¥Í¡B³æ¤@¡Bí©wªº·§©À¡A¦Ó¬O¥i¥H«á¤Ñ¾i¦¨¡B¦h­«¡B¬y°Êªº·§©À¡C

 

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References

Agatucci, Cora. ¡§Gish Jen.¡¨ Contemporary American women fiction writers: an

A-to-Z guide. Ed. Laurie Champion and Rhonda Austin. Westport, CT: Greenwood P, 2002. 147-153.

Huang, Shuchen Susan. ¡§Gish Jen.¡¨ Asian American Short Story Writers: An A-to-Z

Guide. Ed. Guiyou Huang. Westport, CT: Greenwood P, 2003. 101-8.

 

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