A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning
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As virtuous men pass mildly away, |
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Whilst some of their sad friends do say |
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The breath goes now, and some say, No; |
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| So let us melt, and make no noise, | 5 |
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‘Twere profanation of our joys |
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To tell the laity our love. |
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Moving of th’ earth brings harms and fears, |
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| Men reckon what it did and meant | 10 |
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But trepidation of the spheres, |
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Though greater far, is innocent. |
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(Whose soul is sense) cannot admit |
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| Absence, because it doth remove | 15 |
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Those things which elemented it. |
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But we by a love so much refined |
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That our selves know not what it is, |
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Inter-assured of the mind, |
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| Care less, eyes, lips, and hands to miss. | 20 |
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Though I must go, endure not yet |
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A breach, but an expansion, |
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| If they be two, they are two so | 25 |
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As stiff twin compasses are two |
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Thy soul, the fixed foot, makes no show |
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To move, but doth, if th’ other do. |
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And though it in the center sit, |
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Yet when the other far doth roam, |
30 |
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It leans and hearkens after it, |
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And grows erect, as that comes home. |
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Such wilt thou be to me, who must |
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Like th’ other foot, obliquely run; |
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| Thy firmness makes my circle just, | 35 |
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標題 |
Valediction 告別時(vale=farewell; diction=say),為一種常用的題 材,Donne共寫了四首: 1. Of My Name, In the Window 2. Of the Book 3. Of Weeping 4. Forbidding Mourning Forbidding Mourning 禁哀,節哀。意謂:不要為他的遠遊而悲哀。 |
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pass mildly away 靜悄悄地逝世。 |
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And…go 輕聲招喚,促靈魂同去,靈與肉復歸於一,是人之最完滿的 結局。詩人把他和妻子的相愛以「死」時靈肉歸一來比喻。 |
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melt 臨別前夫妻情感熾烈似火故能相熔。 |
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No…move move=stir up落淚成災,嘆息成暴,這是一種 Petrarchianism誇張語,在另一首告別詩A Valediction of Weeping17-18,26-27行有更詳細生動的描述。詩人央求妻 子在臨別依依時,勿啼哭,勿嘆息。 |
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profanation 此字原與宗教有關,意為「褻瀆聖物」,可引伸為:把值得 受人景仰之物弄污弄俗。Donne似乎有意把他們夫妻之愛喻 成一種極神秘且滲有宗教氣氛的東西。從另一字laity(俗人 教士之對)更可看出其含意來,在另一首告別詩Valediction: Of the Book��,也有一類似的句子“We for love’s clergy only are instruments”。 |
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laity 俗人,外人,指不其夫妻真情的凡夫俗子。 |
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moving of th’ earth 指地震,常為人帶來災害,令人心悸,不解其意。當時一般 人皆視地震為上帝之震怒。 |
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trepidation 當時有三種解釋:(一)激蕩(指人)(二)振蕩(指物)(三)天 文學用語,指第八(或第九)天體之擺動,是阿拉伯天文學 家Thabet ben Korrah為Ptolemy天動說附加的一項說明,用 以解釋特別是「歲差」這種天文現象。此天體之擺動,可波 及其他較小的天體但不致造成災害,故稱之為innocent (=harmless)。 |
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Sublunary lover’s love; Sub=under, beneath. lunary=of moon中世紀宇宙論認為一 切生存在月下的東西都如潮水之受月亮影響,幻變無常。月 下情人們的愛情,指世俗無常的愛情。 |
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Soul 本質。 admit stand. |
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Absence…it 前一個“it”指absence,後一個“it”,指soul意為,別離使其本 質賴以形成的東西一掃而空。 |
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Care…miss 正常句法應為Care less, to miss eyes, lips, and hands. |
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Our…one 詩人認為他和妻子兩人的靈魂可化而為一。這種將兩者化 合統一的意念是Donne思想中重要的一環。如靈與肉的結 合,靈與靈的化一,人與神的歸元等等都是Donne在詩中文 中常論及的題材。 |
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endure 忍受。 Yet nevertheless; however |
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but…beat 夫妻的分離就如槌金成箔外延伸開展一般。指稱一盎司的 黃金槌成薄箔後可佔250平方英呎。Airy thinness字��行間 似暗指身輕似「氣」的天使,以示其愛之不凡。詩人似覺此 意象總不能盡情表達其心境,意猶未盡,故再另尋途逕,予 以詳述。 |
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If…two 若為二,則如圓規的兩腳,各自獨立,卻又相互統一。 |
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hearkens 可能指耹聽時傾身向前的姿態。 |
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that 指圓規的另一腳。 |
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And…home 指圓規用畢將兩腳合攏。別後的轉圓。 |
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obliquely run 指圓週上的那隻腳,沿著由線前進。 |
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makes 亦有版本用“draws”按前後文draws字似不恰當,但卻較 “makes”為生動活潑,且可免去與下行“makes”重複之弊, 更可暗示妻子「吸引」丈夫的本領。 |
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35-36 |
they…begun 妳居圓心,穩若泰山,故我的圓周可畫得完滿無缺。詩人藉 圓之繪法向妻子解釋離別正如圓之一起點,他外出遊歷之 後,又將返回原地,所謂“In my end is my beginning”. |