1.                 Thus they, in lowliest plight, repentant stood

2.                 Praying; for from the mercy-seat above

3.                 Prevenient grace descending had removed

4.                 The stony from their hearts, and made new flesh

5.                 Regenerate grow instead; that sighs now breathed

6.                 Unutterable; which the Spirit of prayer

7.                 Inspired, and winged for Heaven with speedier flight

8.                 Than loudest oratory: Yet their port

9.                 Not of mean suitors; nor important less

10.             Seemed their petition, than when the ancient pair

11.             In fables old, less ancient yet than these,

12.             Deucalion and chaste Pyrrha, to restore

13.             The race of mankind drowned, before the shrine

14.             Of Themis stood devout. To Heaven their prayers

15.             Flew up, nor missed the way, by envious winds

16.             Blown vagabond or frustrate: in they passed

17.             Dimensionless through heavenly doors; then clad

18.             With incense, where the golden altar fumed,

19.             By their great intercessour, came in sight

20.             Before the Father's throne: them the glad Son

21.             Presenting, thus to intercede began.

22.             See Father, what first-fruits on Earth are sprung

23.             From thy implanted Grace in Man; these sighs

24.             And prayers, which in this golden censer mixed

25.             With incense, I thy priest before thee bring;

26.             Fruits of more pleasing savour, from thy seed

27.             Sown with contrition in his heart, than those

28.             Which, his own hand manuring, all the trees

29.             Of Paradise could have produced, ere fallen

30.             From innocence. Now therefore, bend thine ear

31.             To supplication; hear his sighs, though mute;

32.             Unskilful with what words to pray, let me

33.             Interpret for him; me, his advocate

34.             And propitiation; all his works on me,

35.             Good, or not good, ingraft; my merit those

36.             Shall perfect, and for these my death shall pay.

37.             Accept me; and, in me, from these receive

38.             The smell of peace toward mankind: let him live

39.             Before thee reconciled, at least his days

40.             Numbered, though sad; till death, his doom, (which I

41.             To mitigate thus plead, not to reverse,)

42.             To better life shall yield him: where with me

43.             All my redeemed may dwell in joy and bliss;

44.             Made one with me, as I with thee am one.

45.             To whom the Father, without cloud, serene.

46.             All thy request for Man, accepted Son,

47.             Obtain; all thy request was my decree:

48.             But, longer in that Paradise to dwell,

49.             The law I gave to Nature him forbids:

50.             Those pure immortal elements, that know,

51.             No gross, no unharmonious mixture foul,

52.             Eject him, tainted now; and purge him off,

53.             As a distemper, gross, to air as gross,

54.             And mortal food; as may dispose him best

55.             For dissolution wrought by sin, that first

56.             Distempered all things, and of incorrupt

57.             Corrupted. I, at first, with two fair gifts

58.             Created him endowed; with happiness,

59.             And immortality: that fondly lost,

60.             This other served but to eternize woe;

61.             Till I provided death: so death becomes

62.             His final remedy; and, after life,

63.             Tried in sharp tribulation, and refined

64.             By faith and faithful works, to second life,

65.             Waked in the renovation of the just,

66.             Resigns him up with Heaven and Earth renewed.

67.             But let us call to synod all the Blest,

68.             Through Heaven's wide bounds: from them I will not hide

69.             My judgements; how with mankind I proceed,

70.             As how with peccant Angels late they saw,

71.             And in their state, though firm, stood more confirmed.

72.             He ended, and the Son gave signal high

73.             To the bright minister that watched; he blew

74.             His trumpet, heard in Oreb since perhaps

75.             When God descended, and perhaps once more

76.             To sound at general doom. The angelic blast

77.             Filled all the regions: from their blisful bowers

78.             Of Amarantine Shade, fountain or spring,

79.             By the waters of life, where'er they sat

80.             In fellowships of joy, the sons of light

81.             Hasted, resorting to the summons high;

82.             And took their seats; till from his throne supreme

83.             The Almighty thus pronounced his sovran will.

84.             O Sons, like one of us Man is become

85.             To know both good and evil, since his taste

86.             Of that defended fruit; but let him boast

87.             His knowledge of good lost, and evil got;

88.             Happier, had it sufficed him to have known

89.             Good by itself, and evil not at all.

90.             He sorrows now, repents, and prays contrite,

91.             My motions in him; longer than they move,

92.             His heart I know, how variable and vain,

93.             Self-left. Lest therefore his now bolder hand

94.             Reach also of the tree of life, and eat,

95.             And live for ever, dream at least to live

96.             For ever, to remove him I decree,

97.             And send him from the garden forth to till

98.             The ground whence he was taken, fitter soil.

99.             Michael, this my behest have thou in charge;

100.        Take to thee from among the Cherubim

101.        Thy choice of flaming warriours, lest the Fiend,

102.        Or in behalf of Man, or to invade

103.        Vacant possession, some new trouble raise:

104.        Haste thee, and from the Paradise of God

105.        Without remorse drive out the sinful pair;

106.        From hallowed ground the unholy; and denounce

107.        To them, and to their progeny, from thence

108.        Perpetual banishment. Yet, lest they faint

109.        At the sad sentence rigorously urged,

110.        (For I behold them softened, and with tears

111.        Bewailing their excess,) all terrour hide.

112.        If patiently thy bidding they obey,

113.        Dismiss them not disconsolate; reveal

114.        To Adam what shall come in future days,

115.        As I shall thee enlighten; intermix

116.        My covenant in the Woman's seed renewed;

117.        So send them forth, though sorrowing, yet in peace:

118.        And on the east side of the garden place,

119.        Where entrance up from Eden easiest climbs,

120.        Cherubic watch; and of a sword the flame

121.        Wide-waving; all approach far off to fright,

122.        And guard all passage to the tree of life:

123.        Lest Paradise a receptacle prove

124.        To Spirits foul, and all my trees their prey;

125.        With whose stolen fruit Man once more to delude.

126.        He ceased; and the arch-angelick Power prepared

127.        For swift descent; with him the cohort bright

128.        Of watchful Cherubim: four faces each

129.        Had, like a double Janus; all their shape

130.        Spangled with eyes more numerous than those

131.        Of Argus, and more wakeful than to drouse,

132.        Charmed with Arcadian pipe, the pastoral reed

133.        Of Hermes, or his opiate rod. Mean while,

134.        To re-salute the world with sacred light,

135.        Leucothea waked; and with fresh dews imbalmed

136.        The earth; when Adam and first matron Eve

137.        Had ended now their orisons, and found

138.        Strength added from above; new hope to spring

139.        Out of despair; joy, but with fear yet linked;

140.        Which thus to Eve his welcome words renewed.

141.        Eve, easily my faith admit, that all

142.        The good which we enjoy from Heaven descends;

143.        But, that from us aught should ascend to Heaven

144.        So prevalent as to concern the mind

145.        Of God high-blest, or to incline his will,

146.        Hard to belief may seem; yet this will prayer

147.        Or one short sigh of human breath, upborne

148.        Even to the seat of God. For since I sought

149.        By prayer the offended Deity to appease;

150.        Kneeled, and before him humbled all my heart;

151.        Methought I saw him placable and mild,

152.        Bending his ear; persuasion in me grew

153.        That I was heard with favour; peace returned

154.        Home to my breast, and to my memory

155.        His promise, that thy seed shall bruise our foe;

156.        Which, then not minded in dismay, yet now

157.        Assures me that the bitterness of death

158.        Is past, and we shall live. Whence hail to thee,

159.        Eve rightly called, mother of all mankind,

160.        Mother of all things living, since by thee

161.        Man is to live; and all things live for Man.

162.        To whom thus Eve with sad demeanour meek.

163.        Ill-worthy I such title should belong

164.        To me transgressour; who, for thee ordained

165.        A help, became thy snare; to me reproach

166.        Rather belongs, distrust, and all dispraise:

167.        But infinite in pardon was my Judge,

168.        That I, who first brought death on all, am graced

169.        The source of life; next favourable thou,

170.        Who highly thus to entitle me vouchsaf'st,

171.        Far other name deserving. But the field

172.        To labour calls us, now with sweat imposed,

173.        Though after sleepless night; for see!the morn,

174.        All unconcerned with our unrest, begins

175.        Her rosy progress smiling: let us forth;

176.        I never from thy side henceforth to stray,

177.        Where'er our day's work lies, though now enjoined

178.        Laborious, till day droop; while here we dwell,

179.        What can be toilsome in these pleasant walks?

180.        Here let us live, though in fallen state, content.

181.        So spake, so wished much humbled Eve; but Fate

182.        Subscribed not: Nature first gave signs, impressed

183.        On bird, beast, air; air suddenly eclipsed,

184.        After short blush of morn; nigh in her sight

185.        The bird of Jove, stooped from his aery tour,

186.        Two birds of gayest plume before him drove;

187.        Down from a hill the beast that reigns in woods,

188.        First hunter then, pursued a gentle brace,

189.        Goodliest of all the forest, hart and hind;

190.        Direct to the eastern gate was bent their flight.

191.        Adam observed, and with his eye the chase

192.        Pursuing, not unmoved, to Eve thus spake.

193.        O Eve, some further change awaits us nigh,

194.        Which Heaven, by these mute signs in Nature, shows

195.        Forerunners of his purpose; or to warn

196.        Us, haply too secure, of our discharge

197.        From penalty, because from death released

198.        Some days: how long, and what till then our life,

199.        Who knows? or more than this, that we are dust,

200.        And thither must return, and be no more?

201.        Why else this double object in our sight

202.        Of flight pursued in the air, and o'er the ground,

203.        One way the self-same hour? why in the east

204.        Darkness ere day's mid-course, and morning-light

205.        More orient in yon western cloud, that draws

206.        O'er the blue firmament a radiant white,

207.        And slow descends with something heavenly fraught?

208.        He erred not; for by this the heavenly bands

209.        Down from a sky of jasper lighted now

210.        In Paradise, and on a hill made halt;

211.        A glorious apparition, had not doubt

212.        And carnal fear that day dimmed Adam's eye.

213.        Not that more glorious, when the Angels met

214.        Jacob in Mahanaim, where he saw

215.        The field pavilioned with his guardians bright;

216.        Nor that, which on the flaming mount appeared

217.        In Dothan, covered with a camp of fire,

218.        Against the Syrian king, who to surprise

219.        One man, assassin-like, had levied war,

220.        War unproclaimed. The princely Hierarch

221.        In their bright stand there left his Powers, to seise

222.        Possession of the garden; he alone,

223.        To find where Adam sheltered, took his way,

224.        Not unperceived of Adam; who to Eve,

225.        While the great visitant approached, thus spake.

226.        Eve, now expect great tidings, which perhaps

227.        Of us will soon determine, or impose

228.        New laws to be observed; for I descry,

229.        From yonder blazing cloud that veils the hill,

230.        One of the heavenly host; and, by his gait,

231.        None of the meanest; some great Potentate

232.        Or of the Thrones above; such majesty

233.        Invests him coming; yet not terrible,

234.        That I should fear; nor sociably mild,

235.        As Raphael, that I should much confide;

236.        But solemn and sublime; whom not to offend,

237.        With reverence I must meet, and thou retire.

238.        He ended: and the Arch-Angel soon drew nigh,

239.        Not in his shape celestial, but as man

240.        Clad to meet man; over his lucid arms

241.        A military vest of purple flowed,

242.        Livelier than Meliboean, or the grain

243.        Of Sarra, worn by kings and heroes old

244.        In time of truce; Iris had dipt the woof;

245.        His starry helm unbuckled showed him prime

246.        In manhood where youth ended; by his side,

247.        As in a glistering zodiack, hung the sword,

248.        Satan's dire dread; and in his hand the spear.

249.        Adam bowed low; he, kingly, from his state

250.        Inclined not, but his coming thus declared.

251.        Adam, Heaven's high behest no preface needs:

252.        Sufficient that thy prayers are heard; and Death,

253.        Then due by sentence when thou didst transgress,

254.        Defeated of his seisure many days

255.        Given thee of grace; wherein thou mayest repent,

256.        And one bad act with many deeds well done

257.        Mayest cover: Well may then thy Lord, appeased,

258.        Redeem thee quite from Death's rapacious claim;

259.        But longer in this Paradise to dwell

260.        Permits not: to remove thee I am come,

261.        And send thee from the garden forth to till

262.        The ground whence thou wast taken, fitter soil.

263.        He added not; for Adam at the news

264.        Heart-struck with chilling gripe of sorrow stood,

265.        That all his senses bound; Eve, who unseen

266.        Yet all had heard, with audible lament

267.        Discovered soon the place of her retire.

268.        O unexpected stroke, worse than of Death!

269.        Must I thus leave thee, Paradise? thus leave

270.        Thee, native soil! these happy walks and shades,

271.        Fit haunt of Gods? where I had hope to spend,

272.        Quiet though sad, the respite of that day

273.        That must be mortal to us both. O flowers,

274.        That never will in other climate grow,

275.        My early visitation, and my last

276.        At Ev'n, which I bred up with tender hand

277.        From the first opening bud, and gave ye names,

278.        Who now shall rear ye to the Sun, or rank

279.        Your Tribes, and water from the ambrosial fount?

280.        Thee lastly, nuptial bower, by me adorned

281.        With what to sight or smell was sweet; from thee

282.        How shall I part, and whither wander down

283.        Into a lower world; to this obscure

284.        And wild, how shall we breathe in other Air

285.        Less pure, accustomed to immortal fruits?

286.        Whom thus the Angel interrupted mild.

287.        Lament not, Eve, but patiently resign

288.        What justly thou hast lost, nor set thy heart,

289.        Thus over-fond, on that which is not thine:

290.        Thy going is not lonely; with thee goes

291.        Thy husband; whom to follow thou art bound;

292.        Where he abides, think there thy native soil.

293.        Adam, by this from the cold sudden damp

294.        Recovering, and his scattered spirits returned,

295.        To Michael thus his humble words addressed.

296.        Celestial, whether among the Thrones, or named

297.        Of them the highest; for such of shape may seem

298.        Prince above Princes, gently hast thou told

299.        Thy message, which might else in telling wound,

300.        And in performing end us; what besides

301.        Of sorrow, and dejection, and despair,

302.        Our frailty can sustain, thy tidings bring,

303.        Departure from this happy place, our sweet

304.        Recess, and only consolation left

305.        Familiar to our eyes, all places else

306.        Inhospitable appear, and desolate,

307.        Nor knowing us, nor known: and, if by prayer

308.        Incessant I could hope to change the will

309.        Of Him who all things can, I would not cease

310.        To weary him with my assiduous cries:

311.        But prayer against his absolute decree

312.        No more avails than breath against the wind,

313.        Blown stifling back on him that breathes it forth:

314.        Therefore to his great bidding I submit.

315.        This most afflicts me, that, departing hence,

316.        As from his face I shall be hid, deprived

317.        His blessed countenance: Here I could frequent

318.        With worship place by place where he vouchsafed

319.        Presence Divine; and to my sons relate,

320.        On this mount he appeared; under this tree

321.        Stood visible; among these pines his voice

322.        I heard; here with him at this fountain talked:

323.        So many grateful altars I would rear

324.        Of grassy turf, and pile up every stone

325.        Of lustre from the brook, in memory,

326.        Or monument to ages; and theron

327.        Offer sweet-smelling gums, and fruits, and flowers:

328.        In yonder nether world where shall I seek

329.        His bright appearances, or foot-step trace?

330.        For though I fled him angry, yet recalled

331.        To life prolonged and promised race, I now

332.        Gladly behold though but his utmost skirts

333.        Of glory; and far off his steps adore.

334.        To whom thus Michael with regard benign.

335.        Adam, thou knowest Heaven his, and all the Earth;

336.        Not this rock only; his Omnipresence fills

337.        Land, sea, and air, and every kind that lives,

338.        Fomented by his virtual power and warmed:

339.        All the earth he gave thee to possess and rule,

340.        No despicable gift; surmise not then

341.        His presence to these narrow bounds confined

342.        Of Paradise, or Eden: this had been

343.        Perhaps thy capital seat, from whence had spread

344.        All generations; and had hither come

345.        From all the ends of the earth, to celebrate

346.        And reverence thee, their great progenitor.

347.        But this pre-eminence thou hast lost, brought down

348.        To dwell on even ground now with thy sons:

349.        Yet doubt not but in valley, and in plain,

350.        God is, as here; and will be found alike

351.        Present; and of his presence many a sign

352.        Still following thee, still compassing thee round

353.        With goodness and paternal love, his face

354.        Express, and of his steps the track divine.

355.        Which that thou mayest believe, and be confirmed

356.        Ere thou from hence depart; know, I am sent

357.        To show thee what shall come in future days

358.        To thee, and to thy offspring: good with bad

359.        Expect to hear; supernal grace contending

360.        With sinfulness of men; thereby to learn

361.        True patience, and to temper joy with fear

362.        And pious sorrow; equally inured

363.        By moderation either state to bear,

364.        Prosperous or adverse: so shalt thou lead

365.        Safest thy life, and best prepared endure

366.        Thy mortal passage when it comes.--Ascend

367.        This hill; let Eve (for I have drenched her eyes)

368.        Here sleep below; while thou to foresight wakest;

369.        As once thou sleptst, while she to life was formed.

370.        To whom thus Adam gratefully replied.

371.        Ascend, I follow thee, safe Guide, the path

372.        Thou leadest me; and to the hand of Heaven submit,

373.        However chastening; to the evil turn

374.        My obvious breast; arming to overcome

375.        By suffering, and earn rest from labour won,

376.        If so I may attain. So both ascend

377.        In the visions of God. It was a Hill,

378.        Of Paradise the highest, from whose top

379.        The hemisphere of earth, in clearest ken,

380.        Stretched out to the amplest reach of prospect lay.

381.        Not higher that hill, nor wider looking round,

382.        Whereon, for different cause, the Tempter set

383.        Our second Adam, in the wilderness;

384.        To show him all Earth's kingdoms, and their glory.

385.        His eye might there command wherever stood

386.        City of old or modern fame, the seat

387.        Of mightiest empire, from the destined walls

388.        Of Cambalu, seat of Cathaian Can,

389.        And Samarchand by Oxus, Temir's throne,

390.        To Paquin of Sinaean kings; and thence

391.        To Agra and Lahor of great Mogul,

392.        Down to the golden Chersonese; or where

393.        The Persian in Ecbatan sat, or since

394.        In Hispahan; or where the Russian Ksar

395.        In Mosco; or the Sultan in Bizance,

396.        Turchestan-born; nor could his eye not ken

397.        The empire of Negus to his utmost port

398.        Ercoco, and the less maritim kings

399.        Mombaza, and Quiloa, and Melind,

400.        And Sofala, thought Ophir, to the realm

401.        Of Congo, and Angola farthest south;

402.        Or thence from Niger flood to Atlas mount

403.        The kingdoms of Almansor, Fez and Sus,

404.        Morocco, and Algiers, and Tremisen;

405.        On Europe thence, and where Rome was to sway

406.        The world: in spirit perhaps he also saw

407.        Rich Mexico, the seat of Montezume,

408.        And Cusco in Peru, the richer seat

409.        Of Atabalipa; and yet unspoiled

410.        Guiana, whose great city Geryon's sons

411.        Call El Dorado. But to nobler sights

412.        Michael from Adam's eyes the film removed,

413.        Which that false fruit that promised clearer sight

414.        Had bred; then purged with euphrasy and rue

415.        The visual nerve, for he had much to see;

416.        And from the well of life three drops instilled.

417.        So deep the power of these ingredients pierced,

418.        Even to the inmost seat of mental sight,

419.        That Adam, now enforced to close his eyes,

420.        Sunk down, and all his spirits became entranced;

421.        But him the gentle Angel by the hand

422.        Soon raised, and his attention thus recalled.

423.        Adam, now ope thine eyes; and first behold

424.        The effects, which thy original crime hath wrought

425.        In some to spring from thee; who never touched

426.        The excepted tree; nor with the snake conspired;

427.        Nor sinned thy sin; yet from that sin derive

428.        Corruption, to bring forth more violent deeds.

429.        His eyes he opened, and beheld a field,

430.        Part arable and tilth, whereon were sheaves

431.        New reaped; the other part sheep-walks and folds;

432.        In th' midst an altar as the land-mark stood,

433.        Rustic, of grassy sord; thither anon

434.        A sweaty reaper from his tillage brought

435.        First fruits, the green ear, and the yellow sheaf,

436.        Unculled, as came to hand; a shepherd next,

437.        More meek, came with the firstlings of his flock,

438.        Choicest and best; then, sacrificing, laid

439.        The inwards and their fat, with incense strowed,

440.        On the cleft wood, and all due rights performed:

441.        His offering soon propitious fire from Heaven

442.        Consumed with nimble glance, and grateful steam;

443.        The other's not, for his was not sincere;

444.        Whereat he inly raged, and, as they talked,

445.        Smote him into the midriff with a stone

446.        That beat out life; he fell, and deadly pale,

447.        Groaned out his Soul with gushing blood effused.

448.        Much at that sight was Adam in his heart

449.        Dismayed, and thus in haste to the Angel cried.

450.        O Teacher, some great mischief hath befallen

451.        To that meek man, who well had sacrificed;

452.        Is piety thus and pure devotion paid?

453.        To whom Michael thus, he also moved, replied.

454.        These two are brethren, Adam, and to come

455.        Out of thy loins; the unjust the just hath slain,

456.        For envy that his brother's offering found

457.        From Heaven acceptance; but the bloody fact

458.        Will be avenged; and the other's faith, approved,

459.        Lose no reward; though here thou see him die,

460.        Rolling in dust and gore. To which our sire.

461.        Alas! both for the deed, and for the cause!

462.        But have I now seen Death? Is this the way

463.        I must return to native dust? O sight

464.        Of terrour, foul and ugly to behold,

465.        Horrid to think, how horrible to feel!

466.        To whom thus Michael. Death thou hast seen

467.        In his first shape on Man; but many shapes

468.        Of Death, and many are the ways that lead

469.        To his grim cave, all dismal; yet to sense

470.        More terrible at the entrance, than within.

471.        Some, as thou sawest, by violent stroke shall die;

472.        By fire, flood, famine, by intemperance more

473.        In meats and drinks, which on the earth shall bring

474.        Diseases dire, of which a monstrous crew

475.        Before thee shall appear; that thou mayest know

476.        What misery the inabstinence of Eve

477.        Shall bring on Men. Immediately a place

478.        Before his eyes appeared, sad, noisome, dark;

479.        A lazar-house it seemed; wherein were laid

480.        Numbers of all diseased; all maladies

481.        Of ghastly spasm, or racking torture, qualms

482.        Of heart-sick agony, all feverous kinds,

483.        Convulsions, epilepsies, fierce catarrhs,

484.        Intestine stone and ulcer, colic pangs,

485.        Daemoniac Phrenzy, moaping melancholy,

486.        And moon-struck madness, pining atrophy,

487.        Marasmus, and wide-wasting pestilence,

488.        Dropsies, and asthmas, and joint-racking rheums.

489.        Dire was the tossing, deep the groans; Despair

490.        Tended the sick busiest from couch to couch;

491.        And over them triumphant Death his dart

492.        Shook, but delayed to strike, though oft invoked

493.        With vows, as their chief good, and final hope.

494.        Sight so deform what heart of rock could long

495.        Dry-eyed behold? Adam could not, but wept,

496.        Though not of woman born; compassion quelled

497.        His best of man, and gave him up to tears

498.        A space, till firmer thoughts restrained excess;

499.        And, scarce recovering words, his plaint renewed.

500.        O miserable mankind, to what fall

501.        Degraded, to what wretched state reserved!

502.        Better end here unborn. Why is life given

503.        To be thus wrested from us? rather, why

504.        Obtruded on us thus? who, if we knew

505.        What we receive, would either no accept

506.        Life offered, or soon beg to lay it down;

507.        Glad to be so dismissed in peace. Can thus

508.        The image of God in Man, created once

509.        So goodly and erect, though faulty since,

510.        To such unsightly sufferings be debased

511.        Under inhuman pains? Why should not Man,

512.        Retaining still divine similitude

513.        In part, from such deformities be free,

514.        And, for his Maker's image sake, exempt?

515.        Their Maker's image, answered Michael, then

516.        Forsook them, when themselves they vilified

517.        To serve ungoverned Appetite; and took

518.        His image whom they served, a brutish vice,

519.        Inductive mainly to the sin of Eve.

520.        Therefore so abject is their punishment,

521.        Disfiguring not God's likeness, but their own;

522.        Or if his likeness, by themselves defaced;

523.        While they pervert pure Nature's healthful rules

524.        To loathsome sickness; worthily, since they

525.        God's image did not reverence in themselves.

526.        I yield it just, said Adam, and submit.

527.        But is there yet no other way, besides

528.        These painful passages, how we may come

529.        To death, and mix with our connatural dust?

530.        There is, said Michael, if thou well observe

531.        The rule of Not too much; by temperance taught,

532.        In what thou eatest and drinkest; seeking from thence

533.        Due nourishment, not gluttonous delight,

534.        Till many years over thy head return:

535.        So mayest thou live; till, like ripe fruit, thou drop

536.        Into thy mother's lap; or be with ease

537.        Gathered, nor harshly plucked; for death mature:

538.        This is Old Age; but then, thou must outlive

539.        Thy youth, thy strength, thy beauty; which will change

540.        To withered, weak, and gray; thy senses then,

541.        Obtuse, all taste of pleasure must forego,

542.        To what thou hast; and, for the air of youth,

543.        Hopeful and cheerful, in thy blood will reign

544.        A melancholy damp of cold and dry

545.        To weigh thy spirits down, and last consume

546.        The balm of life. To whom our ancestor.

547.        Henceforth I fly not death, nor would prolong

548.        Life much; bent rather, how I may be quit,

549.        Fairest and easiest, of this cumbrous charge;

550.        Which I must keep till my appointed day

551.        Of rendering up, and patiently attend

552.        My dissolution. Michael replied.

553.        Nor love thy life, nor hate; but what thou livest

554.        Live well; how long, or short, permit to Heaven:

555.        And now prepare thee for another sight.

556.        He looked, and saw a spacious plain, whereon

557.        Were tents of various hue; by some, were herds

558.        Of cattle grazing; others, whence the sound

559.        Of instruments, that made melodious chime,

560.        Was heard, of harp and organ; and, who moved

561.        Their stops and chords, was seen; his volant touch,

562.        Instinct through all proportions, low and high,

563.        Fled and pursued transverse the resonant fugue.

564.        In other part stood one who, at the forge

565.        Labouring, two massy clods of iron and brass

566.        Had melted, (whether found where casual fire

567.        Had wasted woods on mountain or in vale,

568.        Down to the veins of earth; thence gliding hot

569.        To some cave's mouth; or whether washed by stream

570.        From underground;) the liquid ore he drained

571.        Into fit moulds prepared; from which he formed

572.        First his own tools; then, what might else be wrought

573.        Fusil or graven in metal. After these,

574.        But on the hither side, a different sort

575.        From the high neighbouring hills, which was their seat,

576.        Down to the plain descended; by their guise

577.        Just men they seemed, and all their study bent

578.        To worship God aright, and know his works

579.        Not hid; nor those things last, which might preserve

580.        Freedom and peace to Men; they on the plain

581.        Long had not walked, when from the tents, behold!

582.        A bevy of fair women, richly gay

583.        In gems and wanton dress; to the harp they sung

584.        Soft amorous ditties, and in dance came on:

585.        The men, though grave, eyed them; and let their eyes

586.        Rove without rein; till, in the amorous net

587.        Fast caught, they liked; and each his liking chose;

588.        And now of love they treat, till the evening-star,

589.        Love's harbinger, appeared; then, all in heat

590.        They light the nuptial torch, and bid invoke

591.        Hymen, then first to marriage rites invoked:

592.        With feast and musick all the tents resound.

593.        Such happy interview, and fair event

594.        Of love and youth not lost, songs, garlands, flowers,

595.        And charming symphonies, attached the heart

596.        Of Adam, soon inclined to admit delight,

597.        The bent of nature; which he thus expressed.

598.        True opener of mine eyes, prime Angel blest;

599.        Much better seems this vision, and more hope

600.        Of peaceful days portends, than those two past;

601.        Those were of hate and death, or pain much worse;

602.        Here Nature seems fulfilled in all her ends.

603.        To whom thus Michael. Judge not what is best

604.        By pleasure, though to nature seeming meet;

605.        Created, as thou art, to nobler end

606.        Holy and pure, conformity divine.

607.        Those tents thou sawest so pleasant, were the tents

608.        Of wickedness, wherein shall dwell his race

609.        Who slew his brother; studious they appear

610.        Of arts that polish life, inventers rare;

611.        Unmindful of their Maker, though his Spirit

612.        Taught them; but they his gifts acknowledged none.

613.        Yet they a beauteous offspring shall beget;

614.        For that fair female troop thou sawest, that seemed

615.        Of Goddesses, so blithe, so smooth, so gay,

616.        Yet empty of all good wherein consists

617.        Woman's domestick honour and chief praise;

618.        Bred only and completed to the taste

619.        Of lustful appetence, to sing, to dance,

620.        To dress, and troll the tongue, and roll the eye:

621.        To these that sober race of men, whose lives

622.        Religious titled them the sons of God,

623.        Shall yield up all their virtue, all their fame

624.        Ignobly, to the trains and to the smiles

625.        Of these fair atheists; and now swim in joy,

626.        Erelong to swim at large; and laugh, for which

627.        The world erelong a world of tears must weep.

628.        To whom thus Adam, of short joy bereft.

629.        O pity and shame, that they, who to live well

630.        Entered so fair, should turn aside to tread

631.        Paths indirect, or in the mid way faint!

632.        But still I see the tenour of Man's woe

633.        Holds on the same, from Woman to begin.

634.        From Man's effeminate slackness it begins,

635.        Said the Angel, who should better hold his place

636.        By wisdom, and superiour gifts received.

637.        But now prepare thee for another scene.

638.        He looked, and saw wide territory spread

639.        Before him, towns, and rural works between;

640.        Cities of men with lofty gates and towers,

641.        Concourse in arms, fierce faces threatening war,

642.        Giants of mighty bone and bold emprise;

643.        Part wield their arms, part curb the foaming steed,

644.        Single or in array of battle ranged

645.        Both horse and foot, nor idly mustering stood;

646.        One way a band select from forage drives

647.        A herd of beeves, fair oxen and fair kine,

648.        From a fat meadow ground; or fleecy flock,

649.        Ewes and their bleating lambs over the plain,

650.        Their booty; scarce with life the shepherds fly,

651.        But call in aid, which makes a bloody fray;

652.        With cruel tournament the squadrons join;

653.        Where cattle pastured late, now scattered lies

654.        With carcasses and arms the ensanguined field,

655.        Deserted: Others to a city strong

656.        Lay siege, encamped; by battery, scale, and mine,

657.        Assaulting; others from the wall defend

658.        With dart and javelin, stones, and sulphurous fire;

659.        On each hand slaughter, and gigantick deeds.

660.        In other part the sceptered heralds call

661.        To council, in the city-gates; anon

662.        Gray-headed men and grave, with warriours mixed,

663.        Assemble, and harangues are heard; but soon,

664.        In factious opposition; till at last,

665.        Of middle age one rising, eminent

666.        In wise deport, spake much of right and wrong,

667.        Of justice, or religion, truth, and peace,

668.        And judgement from above: him old and young

669.        Exploded, and had seized with violent hands,

670.        Had not a cloud descending snatched him thence

671.        Unseen amid the throng: so violence

672.        Proceeded, and oppression, and sword-law,

673.        Through all the plain, and refuge none was found.

674.        Adam was all in tears, and to his guide

675.        Lamenting turned full sad; O what are these,

676.        Death's ministers, not men? who thus deal death

677.        Inhumanly to men, and multiply

678.        Ten thousandfold the sin of him who slew

679.        His brother: for of whom such massacre

680.        Make they, but of their brethren; men of men

681.        But who was that just man, whom had not Heaven

682.        Rescued, had in his righteousness been lost?

683.        To whom thus Michael. These are the product

684.        Of those ill-mated marriages thou sawest;

685.        Where good with bad were matched, who of themselves

686.        Abhor to join; and, by imprudence mixed,

687.        Produce prodigious births of body or mind.

688.        Such were these giants, men of high renown;

689.        For in those days might only shall be admired,

690.        And valour and heroic virtue called;

691.        To overcome in battle, and subdue

692.        Nations, and bring home spoils with infinite

693.        Man-slaughter, shall be held the highest pitch

694.        Of human glory; and for glory done

695.        Of triumph, to be styled great conquerours

696.        Patrons of mankind, Gods, and sons of Gods;

697.        Destroyers rightlier called, and plagues of men.

698.        Thus fame shall be achieved, renown on earth;

699.        And what most merits fame, in silence hid.

700.        But hee the seventh from thee, whom thou beheld'st

701.        The only righteous in a world preverse,

702.        And therefore hated, therefore so beset

703.        With foes, for daring single to be just,

704.        And utter odious truth, that God would come

705.        To judge them with his Saints; him the Most High

706.        Rapt in a balmy cloud with winged steeds

707.        Did, as thou sawest, receive, to walk with God

708.        High in salvation and the climes of bliss,

709.        Exempt from death; to show thee what reward

710.        Awaits the good, the rest what punishment;

711.        Which now direct thine eyes and soon behold.

712.        He looked, and saw the face of things quite changed;

713.        The brazen throat of war had ceased to roar;

714.        All now was turned to jollity and game,

715.        To luxury and riot, feast and dance;

716.        Marrying or prostituting, as befel,

717.        Rape or adultery, where passing fair

718.        Allured them; thence from cups to civil broils.

719.        At length a reverend sire among them came,

720.        And of their doings great dislike declared,

721.        And testified against their ways; he oft

722.        Frequented their assemblies, whereso met,

723.        Triumphs or festivals; and to them preached

724.        Conversion and repentance, as to souls

725.        In prison, under judgements imminent:

726.        But all in vain: which when he saw, he ceased

727.        Contending, and removed his tents far off;

728.        Then, from the mountain hewing timber tall,

729.        Began to build a vessel of huge bulk;

730.        Measured by cubit, length, and breadth, and highth;

731.        Smeared round with pitch; and in the side a door

732.        Contrived; and of provisions laid in large,

733.        For man and beast: when lo, a wonder strange!

734.        Of every beast, and bird, and insect small,

735.          Came sevens, and pairs; and entered in as taught

736.        Their order: last the sire and his three sons,

737.        With their four wives; and God made fast the door.

738.        Mean while the south-wind rose, and, with black wings

739.        Wide-hovering, all the clouds together drove

740.        From under Heaven; the hills to their supply

741.        Vapour, and exhalation dusk and moist,

742.        Sent up amain; and now the thickened sky

743.        Like a dark cieling stood; down rushed the rain

744.        Impetuous; and continued, till the earth

745.        No more was seen: the floating vessel swum

746.        Uplifted, and secure with beaked prow

747.        Rode tilting o'er the waves; all dwellings else

748.        Flood overwhelmed, and them with all their pomp

749.        Deep under water rolled; sea covered sea,

750.        Sea without shore; and in their palaces,

751.        Where luxury late reigned, sea-monsters whelped

752.        And stabled; of mankind, so numerous late,

753.        All left, in one small bottom swum imbarked.

754.        How didst thou grieve then, Adam, to behold

755.        The end of all thy offspring, end so sad,

756.        Depopulation; thee another flood,

757.        Of tears and sorrow a flood, thee also drowned,

758.        And sunk thee as thy sons; till, gently reared

759.        By the Angel, on thy feet thou stoodest at last,

760.        Though comfortless; as when a father mourns

761.        His children, all in view destroyed at once;

762.        And scarce to the Angel utter'dst thus thy plaint.

763.        O visions ill foreseen! Better had I

764.        Lived ignorant of future! so had borne

765.        My part of evil only, each day's lot

766.        Enough to bear; those now, that were dispensed

767.        The burden of many ages, on me light

768.        At once, by my foreknowledge gaining birth

769.        Abortive, to torment me ere their being,

770.        With thought that they must be. Let no man seek

771.        Henceforth to be foretold, what shall befall

772.        Him or his children; evil he may be sure,

773.        Which neither his foreknowing can prevent;

774.        And he the future evil shall no less

775.        In apprehension than in substance feel,

776.        Grievous to bear: but that care now is past,

777.        Man is not whom to warn: those few escaped

778.        Famine and anguish will at last consume,

779.        Wandering that watery desart: I had hope,

780.        When violence was ceased, and war on earth,

781.        All would have then gone well; peace would have crowned

782.        With length of happy days the race of Man;

783.        But I was far deceived; for now I see

784.        Peace to corrupt no less than war to waste.

785.        How comes it thus? unfold, Celestial Guide,

786.        And whether here the race of Man will end.

787.        To whom thus Michael. Those, whom last thou sawest

788.        In triumph and luxurious wealth, are they

789.        First seen in acts of prowess eminent

790.        And great exploits, but of true virtue void;

791.        Who, having spilt much blood, and done much wast

792.        Subduing nations, and achieved thereby

793.        Fame in the world, high titles, and rich prey;

794.        Shall change their course to pleasure, ease, and sloth,

795.        Surfeit, and lust; till wantonness and pride

796.        Raise out of friendship hostile deeds in peace.

797.        The conquered also, and enslaved by war,

798.        Shall, with their freedom lost, all virtue lose

799.        And fear of God; from whom their piety feigned

800.        In sharp contest of battle found no aid

801.        Against invaders; therefore, cooled in zeal,

802.        Thenceforth shall practice how to live secure,

803.        Worldly or dissolute, on what their lords

804.        Shall leave them to enjoy; for the earth shall bear

805.        More than enough, that temperance may be tried:

806.        So all shall turn degenerate, all depraved;

807.        Justice and temperance, truth and faith, forgot;

808.        One man except, the only son of light

809.        In a dark age, against example good,

810.        Against allurement, custom, and a world

811.        Offended: fearless of reproach and scorn,

812.        Or violence, hee of thir wicked ways

813.        Shall them admonish, and before them set

814.        The paths of righteousness, how much more safe,

815.        And full of peace, denouncing wrath to come

816.        Of thir impenitence; and shall return

817.        Of them derided, but of God observ'd

818.        The one just man alive; by his command

819.        Shall build a wonderous ark, as thou beheldst,

820.        To save himself, and houshold, from amidst

821.        A world devote to universal wrack.

822.        No sooner he, with them of man and beast

823.        Select for life, shall in the ark be lodged,

824.        And sheltered round; but all the cataracts

825.        Of Heaven set open on the Earth shall pour

826.        Rain, day and night; all fountains of the deep,

827.        Broke up, shall heave the ocean to usurp

828.        Beyond all bounds; till inundation rise

829.        Above the highest hills: Then shall this mount

830.        Of Paradise by might of waves be moved

831.        Out of his place, pushed by the horned flood,

832.        With all his verdure spoiled, and trees adrift,

833.        Down the great river to the opening gulf,

834.        And there take root an island salt and bare,

835.        The haunt of seals, and orcs, and sea-mews' clang:

836.        To teach thee that God attributes to place

837.        No sanctity, if none be thither brought

838.        By men who there frequent, or therein dwell.

839.        And now, what further shall ensue, behold.

840.        He looked, and saw the ark hull on the flood,

841.        Which now abated; for the clouds were fled,

842.        Driven by a keen north-wind, that, blowing dry,

843.        Wrinkled the face of deluge, as decayed;

844.        And the clear sun on his wide watery glass

845.        Gazed hot, and of the fresh wave largely drew,

846.        As after thirst; which made their flowing shrink

847.        From standing lake to tripping ebb, that stole

848.        With soft foot towards the deep; who now had stopt

849.        His sluces, as the Heaven his windows shut.

850.        The ark no more now floats, but seems on ground,

851.        Fast on the top of some high mountain fixed.

852.        And now the tops of hills, as rocks, appear;

853.        With clamour thence the rapid currents drive,

854.        Towards the retreating sea, their furious tide.

855.        Forthwith from out the Ark a Raven flies,

856.        And after him, the surer messenger,

857.        A Dove sent forth once and again to spy

858.        Green tree or ground, whereon his foot may light:

859.        The second time returning, in his bill

860.        An Olive leaf he brings, pacific sign:

861.        Anon dry ground appears, and from his Ark

862.        The ancient sire descends, with all his train;

863.        Then with uplifted hands, and eyes devout,

864.        Grateful to Heaven, over his head beholds

865.        A dewy cloud, and in the cloud a bow

866.        Conspicuous with three listed colours gay,

867.        Betokening peace from God, and covenant new.

868.        Whereat the heart of Adam, erst so sad,

869.        Greatly rejoiced; and thus his joy broke forth.

870.        O thou, who future things canst represent

871.        As present, Heavenly instructor, I revive

872.        At this last sight; assured that Man shall live,

873.        With all the creatures, and their seed preserve.

874.        Far less I now lament for one whole world

875.        Of wicked sons destroyed, than I rejoice

876.        For one man found so perfect, and so just,

877.        That God vouchsafes to raise another world

878.        From him, and all his anger to forget.

879.        But say, what mean those coloured streaks in Heaven

880.        Distended, as the brow of God appeased?

881.        Or serve they, as a flowery verge, to bind

882.        The fluid skirts of that same watery cloud,

883.        Lest it again dissolve, and shower the earth?

884.        To whom the Arch-Angel. Dextrously thou aimest;

885.        So willingly doth God remit his ire,

886.        Though late repenting him of Man depraved;

887.        Grieved at his heart, when looking down he saw

888.        The whole earth filled with violence, and all flesh

889.        Corrupting each their way; yet, those removed,

890.        Such grace shall one just man find in his sight,

891.        That he relents, not to blot out mankind;

892.        And makes a covenant never to destroy

893.        The earth again by flood; nor let the sea

894.        Surpass his bounds; nor rain to drown the world,

895.        With man therein or beast; but, when he brings

896.        Over the earth a cloud, will therein set

897.        His triple-coloured bow, whereon to look,

898.        And call to mind his covenant: Day and night,

899.        Seed-time and harvest, heat and hoary frost,

900.        Shall hold their course; till fire purge all things new,

901.        Both Heaven and Earth, wherein the just shall dwell.

57-62 I, at first.../...final remedy: 上帝創造人類時，給予他兩項禮物：快樂與永生。人類墮落後就失去快樂，如果繼續保有永生，反而變成擁有無止盡的痛苦，所以死亡成了他最後的解脫。  <BACK>

113-4 reveal / To Adam what shall come in future days: 向主角預示未來是史詩作品常出現的情節。例如在拉丁詩人維吉爾（Virgil）的史詩《伊尼德》（Aeneid）中，女預言家西比爾（Sibyl）引領主角埃涅阿斯（Aeneas）至冥府尋訪他的父親安喀塞斯（Anchises），安喀塞斯並向他預示關於他的子孫未來即將建立的羅馬帝國。 不同的是，埃涅阿斯是往下到冥界，而亞當則是登高到伊甸園最高的山丘。  <BACK>

155 His promise, that thy seed shall bruise our foe: 上帝對人類許諾未來夏娃的後代會向他們的敵人蛇（撒旦）討回公道。這是支持亞當和夏娃堅強活下去的理由之一，也是《失樂園》的重要主題。  <BACK>

156-8 yet now /...shall live: 這是反語（irony）。亞當以為他們已躲過死亡的威脅，他和夏娃可以繼續在伊甸園生活下去。但上帝稍早在本卷第九十四至九十六行早已說明，人類可能大膽地偷吃生命樹的果實，妄想可以免除死亡，獲得永生。只是亞當終究無法自欺欺人，上帝還是要把他們逐出伊甸園面對短暫的一生。  <BACK>

234-6 nor sociably.../...and sublime: 拉斐爾前次下凡來是為了警告亞當小心撒旦，所以表現出友好溫和的態度（"sociably mild"），但米迦勒是要來驅趕亞當和夏娃，不是來閒話家常，所以態度變成莊嚴慎重（"solemn and sublime"）。  <BACK>

247-8 hung the sword, / Satan's dire dread: 米迦勒的劍曾在天堂大戰時砍傷撒旦。  <BACK>

311-3 But prayer.../...it forth: 這個隱喻（metaphor）用呼吸（"breath"）比喻人的禱告，用風（"wind"）比喻上帝的旨意。人的呼吸吹出去會被更強的風反吹回來，就像人的禱告無法改變上帝的旨意。  <BACK>

382-4 the Tempter.../...their glory: 這是密爾頓下一部作品《復樂園》的主題。誘惑者指撒旦，亞當第二是指耶穌基督。撒旦在曠野中四度以人間的財富權勢引誘基督，彷如亞當在伊甸園所受的誘惑，但由聖子轉世為凡人的基督這一次並沒有屈服，所以將人類從亞當墮落的原罪中解救出來。  <BACK>

434-8 A sweaty reaper.../...and best: 收割者是指亞當與夏娃的長子該隱（Cain），牧羊人指該隱的弟弟亞伯（Abel）。上帝接受亞伯的祭品而拒不接受該隱的禮物，該隱因而殺死亞伯。密爾頓在此已說明兩人供品的差異，該隱準備的果實是不加選擇（"unculled"），而亞伯則是精挑細選（"choicest and best"）。  <BACK>

462-3 But have.../...native dust: 亞當在此之前並未真正瞭解死亡的意義，直到此刻他才知道死的恐怖面目。  <BACK>

535-7 So mayest.../...death mature: 這個隱喻將壽終正寢比喻成瓜熟蒂落，回歸大地，這是安寧的死亡。  <BACK>

719 a reverend sire: 指諾亞（Noah）。  <BACK>

729 a vessel: 指方舟（ark），根據聖經《舊約全書》之《創世紀》六·15，諾亞方舟長四百五十英尺，寬七十五英尺，高四十五英尺。 <BACK>

754-6 How didst.../ Depopulation: 作者直接向書中的角色詢問他的感受，這種寫作手法源自荷馬的史詩作品。  <BACK>

866 three listed colours: 指黃、藍、紅三原色。  <BACK>

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