![]() -- Marc Blanchard: "the city is in the streets, viewed and experienced through the eyes and the gestures of a passer-by" (qut in Zhang xv-xvi) -- Zhang [following Robert Park]: "This city . . . more than just a physical structure. It is, among other things, a state of mind, an order of morality, a pattern of attitudes and ritualized behavior, a network of human connections, and a body of customs and traditions inscribed in certain practices and discourses" (Zhang 3-4). -- "As its etymology suggests, the city is both internal and external; it possesses, in Robert Park's words, 'a moral as well as a physical organization'" (Zhang 6). [For the etymology and differentiation of city, urban, 城﹐鎮 (control, administration, designating small town nowadays), 市鎮﹐市弘﹐都市, 市弘﹐小市弘﹐市儈﹐ please see Zhang 6-7].
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-- [way-finding devices: maps, street numbers, route signs] "In the process of way-finding, the strategic link is the environmental image, the generalized mental picture of the exterior physical world that is held by an individual. This image is the product both of immediate sensation and of them memory of past action, and it is used to interpret information and to guide action. . . . 2. "A vivid and integrated physical setting, capable of producing a charp image, plays a social role as well." -- raw material for the symbols and collective memories of group communication. (Lynch 4) ![]()
-- the city planners --interested in the external agent in the interaction (Lynch 7) -- an environmental image: three components-- identity, structure and meaning. (Lynch 8) ![]()
![]() to increase imageability -- e.g.
-- "Where major paths lacked identity, or were easily confused one for the other, the entire city image was in difficulty" (Lynch 52)
![]() Lynch, Kevin. Image of the City. Cambridge, MA: MIP P, 1960. Tsai, Hsiu-chih. A Semiotic Reading of City Images in Literature. Dissertation. Taipei: National Taiwan U., 1997. Zhang, Yingjin. The City in Modern Chinese Literature and Film. Standord, CA: Standford UP, 1996. |