´f¯S°Òªº¸ÖÅé (Introduction)
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A.¥þ¸Öªº³æ¤¸ (The Whole Poem as a Unit)
¤@¯ë¾ÇªÌ¬ã¨s^¬ü¶Ç²Î¸Ö»P²{¥N¸Ö¡A±`¥H´f¯S°Ò¬°¨âªÌ¤§¤À¤ôÀ¡A«w»{¤@¤K¤K¤¦~¡m¯ó¸¶°¡nªº¥Xª©¡A¥¿¶H¼x²{¥N¸Ö³oÓ·s¬ö¤¸ªº¶}©l¡C©h¤£½×³oºØ¤À¹º¥i¾a©Ê¦h¤j¡A©Î·N¸q¦ó¦b¡A¤£¹L´f¯S°Ò¦a¸Ö¦³§O©ó¶Ç²Î¸Ö¡A¦Ü¤Ö³o¬OµL¥i¸mºÃªº¨Æ¹ê¡C¡@
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´f¯S°Ò´¿¦ÛºÙ¥Lªº¡m¯ó¸¶°¡n(Leaves of Grass)¬°¤@ºØ»y¨¥¹êÅç¡C¥EÅ¥¤§¤U³o¦ü¥G¬O¥L¬G§@Åå¤H¤§»y¡A¦ý¨ä¹ê¤£µM¡A¦]¬°´f¯S°Ò¹ï¶Ç²Î¸ÖÅ骺©ëªd²`·P¤£º¡¡A»{¬°¸Ö¤H±Á{·s®É¥Nùتº·s¸gÅç¡A»P¨ä¾¥¦u¦¨³W¦Ó«d¨¬¾A¼i¡A¤£¦p¥tÅPÁÑ®|¡A³Ð¥ß·sªº»y¨¥¡A·sªº¸ÖÅé¡C¡@
¦¹¥~´N´f¯S°Ò¸Öªº¥»½è¦Ó½×¡A¸Ö³Ì²z·Qªº»y¨¥¤]«D¦Û¥Ñ¸ÖÅé²öÄÝ¡A¦]¬°³z¹L¥Lªº¸Ö¡A¥L¥ø¹Ï±N¦t©z¶¡¯ÉµMÂø³¯ªº²{¶H¡A¹d²ÓµL¿ò¦a¥[¥HÅ¢¬A¡Bªí²{¡C¦Ó§óȱo¤@´£ªº¬O¡A¨Ì¥Lªº²z·Q¡A¸Öªº³Ð§@¬O¤@ºØ±´°Q¡A¤@ºØ¹Lµ{¡A¦Ó«D¤@ºØ¥Øªº©Î¦¨ªG¡F´«¥y¸Ü»¡¡A¼g³oºØµL©ëµL§ô¡A¥Hªí²{¬°«e´£ªº¸Ö¡A©Ò»Ýnªº¬O¤@ºØ¦ùÁY¦Û¦p¡A¥Rº¡¼u©Ê¡AµL©T©w§Î¦¡ªº¸ÖÅé¡C³o«K¬O´f¯S°Ò¹ï¸ÖÅ骺¿W¯Sºc·Q¡A¤]¬O¥L¹ï¦Û¥Ñ¸Öªº¬Ýªk¡C
¦Û¥Ñ¸ÖÅéÁöµL©T©w§Î¦¡¡A¦ý»P¶Ç²Î¸ÖÅé¬Û²§¤§³B¬ù²¤¥i¤À¨âÂI¡G¤@¡B©ãÃý¤£¨Ì³W©w¡A¬Æ©Î¥þµM±Ë±óÃý¸}¡F¤G¡B¦æ¤º¤§Ãý«ß¤]³B³B¨D·s¡A¤£¿í¥j¨î¡C¦ý³o¨Ã¤£ªí¥Ü¦Û¥Ñ¸ÖÅéµ´¹ï´²º©¦Ó¤£Á¿³¹ªk¡F¬Û¤Ïªº¡A¶Ç²Î¸Ö©Ò¨ã¦³ªºµÅT®ÄªG¡A¦Û¥Ñ¸ÖÅ驹©¹¯à°w¹ïÓ§Oªº±¡ªp¡A¦Ó¥H¤dÅܸU¤Æªº§Þ¥©¥[¥H´À¥N¡A¥ø¨D±N¸Öªº¤º²[ªí¹Fªºµ·µ·¤J¦©¡A·L§®³B¬Æ¦Ü¥i¥H°µ¨ìµ»P¸qªº¤ô¨Å¥æ¿Ä¡C¡@
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A.¥þ¸Öªº³æ¤¸ (The Whole Poem as a Unit)
¶Ç²Îªº¸ÖÅ餤¡A¨C¦æ³q±`³æ¿Wºc¦¨¤@Ó¤p³æ¤¸¨Ã¶i¦ÓÁ¿¨s¦æ»P¦æ¤§¶¡¡A©Î¬q¡]Stanza¡^»P¬q¤§¶¡ªºÃö«Y¡A©ó¬O^°êµø¤Q¥|¦æ¸Ö¡]¥t¦W²ï¤h¤ñ¨È¦¡¤Q¥|¦æ¸Ö¡^ªº¸}¬° ABAB CDCD EFEF GG¡C¥i¬O¬Û¤Ïªº¡A¦Û¥Ñ¸ÖÅé¬JµM¼o±óÃý¸}¡A¦æ»P¦æ¤§¶¡¡A¬Æ¦Ü¬q»P¬q¤§¶¡ªºÃö«Y«ö²zÀ³¸Ó·|¤j¤j´î®z¡F¥i¬O¨Æ¹ê¨Ã«D¦p¦¹¡A¦b¸Ö¤H¨è·N¸gÀç¤U¡A¦æ»P¦æ¤§¶¡ªºÃý¸}©TµyÅãÃP´²¡A¬Æ¦Ü¥þµMµL¾÷¥i´`¡A¥i¬O¬q»P¬q¤§¶¡ªºÃö³s¡A©¹©¹§Q¥Î¬Û¤Ï¬Û¥Í¡A©Î¬Û»²¬Û¦¨ªº·N©À¡A¬Æ¦Ü¨Ï¥Î¬Ûªñ©Î¬Û¦üªº¥¨ºc¦Ó¥[¥H¥©§®¦w±Æ¡C¨â¬q¶¡ªºÃö«Y¥E¬Ý¦üµL«ä¸ô¥i´`¡A¥i¬O¨Æ¹ê«o±`«öÂÃ¥ñµ§»P°jÅT¥Hªí²{«e«á©IÀ³ªº¦]ªGÃö«Y¡C¦¹³B³Ì©úÅ㪺¨Ò¤l¤§¤@¬°"A Noiseless Patient Spider"¡Aº¬qºâ¬O¥ñµ§¡A¨ì¤F¦¸¬q¦Ó²×©ó²£¥Í°jÅT¡C¨â¬q¤§¶¡¬Û»²¬Û¦¨ªº¦r²´¥i²¦C¦p¤U¡]¨â¬q·N©À¤§»Î±µ¤è¦¡¡A½Ð°Ñ¾\¥»®Ñ¤§¡u¥DÃD¡v³¡¥÷¡^¡G
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Spider promontory isolated explore launched unreeling, speeding filament ¡@ |
soul measureless oceans of space detached connect fling musing, venturing, throwing, seeking gossamer thread |
¨â¬q¶¡ªº¥Î¦r¿í´`¥¦æªºµo®i¤è¦¡¡F¤@¨ãÅé¡A¤@©â¶H¡A»á¦¬«e©I«áÀ³ªº®ÄªG¡C¦ý°£¦¹¤§¥~¡A¥tȱo¤@´£ªº¬O¨â¬q¶¡ªº®ÉºA¹ï¤ñ¡G²Ä¤@¬qªº°Êµü¬Ò¬°¹L¥h¦¡¡Aªí¶H¸Ö¤Hªº¦^¾Ð»P¸gÅç¡]»PµØ´þµØ´µ¹ï¥Í©Rªº¬Ýªk¬Û¦ü¡A©IÆ~ŪªÌ¶H¦V¹L¥h-¤×¨ä¬Oµ£¸X´Á©ÎL¨à´Á-Äá¨ú¥Í©Rªº¯u¿Í¡^¡C¦¸¬q¨Ï¥Îªº®ÉºA¤@«ß¬°²{¦b¦¡¡A¥R¤ÀÅã¥Ü¸Ö¤H§Æ±æ±qª½±µªº¸gÅ礤Åé»{¥Í©Rªº¥»½è¡A¨Ãªí©ú¹ï±N¨Ó©Ò©êªººØºØ§Æ±æ¡C¡@
¦b¥þ¸Öªº³æ¤¸¤¤´f¯S°Òªº¥Î¦r¤]»á¯à¦¬¾r¶¿¥þ½L¤§¥\¡A¦Ó¦b¥þ¸Öªº¦r¸Ì¦æ¶¡«Ø¥ß¬YºØ¯´§Ç¡A¦]¦¹¤]ȱo¶¶«K¦b¦¹¤@´£¡C¡@
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¬Û§Î¤§¤U²Ä¤@Ãþ¦r¥X²{¦¸¼Æ¸û¬°ÀWÁc¡A¦]¬°´f¯S°Ò²`«H¨ãÅé¤å¦r¦Û¨ÄÂ泶H¼x·N¸q¡A¦ÓºòÀHµÛ»¡¸Ü¤HÆ[ÂIªº²¾°Ê¡A¬v¬vÅxÅxªº¤å¦rÃÐ¥Xªº¥¿¬O¤@´T¤¥ú¤Q¦âªº¥@¬É¡F³o¤@¤è±©TµM¶H¼x´f¯S°Òªº°ò¥»³Õ·Rºë¯«¡A¦Ó¥t¤@¤è±§ó¯àÅã¥Ü´f¯S°ÒµL®ÉµL¨è³£·QÂdzzµø¨¤«×ªº¸õ°Ê¡A¦Ó¸Õ¹Ï¹ï¥Í©Rªº¯u¸q¦³§ó²`¨èªº»{ÃÑ¡CWhen Lilacs²Ä¤»¸`¡]Section 6¡^§Y¬°¤@¨Ò¡A¦b·N¶H¯É¦ÜÌî¨Ó¤§»Ú¡A¸Ö¤¤¤H¥Ñ®ÇÆ[ªÌ¤@ÅܦӬ°°Ñ»P°e¸®¦æ¦Cªº¤@¥÷¤l¡AÀRªº¥Ø¿ýÅܬ°°Êªº¹Lµ{¡A¦Ó©T©wªº¦aÂI¡]µµ¤B»²±¶}ªº®x°|¡^ÂX±i¬°µL©Ò¤£®eªº¯EÃvªÅ¶¡¡]¥þ¬ü°ê¡A¬Æ¦Ü¥þ¥@¬É¡^¡C¡@
´«¥y¸Ü»¡¡A²Ä¤@Ãþ¦rÁö¨ú¦Û¤é±`¥Í¬¡¡A¬J²³æ¤S½ñ¹ê¡A¦ý¸g¹L¹ï¥yªk»P¥Ø¿ý¸Ö¡]¸Ô¨£¥»¤å¡u¬qªº³æ¤¸¡v³¡¥÷¡^¡A¤]»á¯à¤@®ð¨þ¦¨¡A²£¥Í¤@ªÑ¢¤£¤Î«Ýªº¨g¼ö¡C´f¯S°Òªº²Ä¤GÃþ¦r´¿¾D¸á¯f¡A¦]¬°©â¶H¦r¤j¶q¨Ï¥Îªºµ²ªG©ö¬y©óªÅ¬}ªº§Î¦¡¡A¦Ó³y¦¨¤@ºØ¯B¸Ø¤£¹êªº·Pı¡C¤£¹L´f¯S°Ò¦¨¥\³B±`¯à±N³o¨âÃþ¦rµ½¥[°t¦XÀ³¥Î¡A¦Ó³y¦¨¬Û·íªº±i¤O¡]tension¡^¡C½Ñ¦p¦¹Ãþªº¨Ò¤l¦bWhen Lilacs¤@¸Ö¤¤¥i¿×¤£³ÓªTÁ|¡AÄ´¦p²Ä¤@¦Ê¤G¤Q¤Î¤@¦Ê¤G¤Q¤@¨â¦æ¡FThen with the knowledge of death as walking one side of me, / And the thought of death close-walking the other side of me.©â¶Hªºthe knowledge of death»Pthe thought of death¹ï¨ãÅ骺walking»Pclose-walking¡C¥þ¸Öµo®i¦Ü¦¹¡A©â¶Hªº¦º¤`»P¨ãÅ骺¸Ö¤¤¤H¦ü¥H¹F¦¨¬YºØ¨óij¡A¦ÓŪªÌ²´«e©Ò¨£ªº¡A¥¿¦¡¤@´T¬JªÅÆF¤S¥Í°Êªº¤T¤H¦æ¡C
B. ¸`ªº³æ¤¸ (The Section as a Unit)¡@
¦¹³Bªº¸`¡]Section¡^¤j©ó¬q¡]Stanza¡^¡A¦p¥HWhen Lilacs¤@¸Ö¬°¨Ò«h¥i¤À¤Q¤»¸`¡A¤À§O¼Ð¥Hªü©Ô§B¼Æ¦r¡C¬q»P¬q¤§¶¡ªºÃö«Y¬Û·íºò´ê¡A¸g±`º§À¬Û»Î¡A¦Ó±N¤¤¤ß«ä·Q¤Ä¹º¥X¨Ó¡C¸Ö¤H¬Æ¦Ü¦b¬q»P¬q¤§¶¡À³¥Î½Æzªº§Þ¥©¡A±NY¤z«n¦r²´¤@¦A±Æ¤ñ±À¥X¡A³y¦¨¤@ªÑ©F©F¹G¤H¤§¶Õ¡C¦A¤ÞWhen Lilacs¬°¨Ò¡G²Ä¤@¸`¤À¨â¬q¡Aº¬q·N¶Hªº½s±Æ¦¸§Ç¬°lilac-star-mourning¡A¦¸¬q²Õ¦¨ªº¦]¯À¤£ÅÜ¡A¤´µM¨Ì¿à³o¤TÓ·N©À¡A¥i¬O¦b½s±Æ¤W¥t¦³¤F±Àªi§UÄiªº·s®ð¶H¡Glilac, star, mourning-lilac, star-,-mourning¡C¤S¦p²Ä¤Q¥|¸`¤¤ªº´dºq¡]²Ä¤@¦Ê¤T¤Q¥|¦æ¦Ü¤@¦Ê¤»¤Q¤G¦æ¡^¤À¤C¬q¡A¤j©è¬Ò¥Hdeath¤@¦r¦¬§À¡A±N¦º¤`ªº·PIJ¡A¤@¦Ó¦A¡B¦A¦Ó¤T¦a¤ÏÂг¯z¡A»á¯à¯M¦«¥X»¡¸Ü¤H¯Õ¯Õ©óÃhªº´dºü¡C
C. ¬qªº³æ¤¸ (The Stanza as a Unit)
´f¯S°Òªº¦Û¥Ñ¸ÖÅé³Ì¨ã¯S¦âªº³¡¥÷¸Ó±À¤@¬q¤§¤º¦æ»P¦æ¤§¶¡ªº¦w±Æ¤è¦¡¡C´N¥y¤lªºµ²ºc¦Ó¨¥¡A´f¯S°Ò©Ò±Ä¥Îªº§Þ¥©»P¸t¸g¬ù¤¤³\¦h¸Ö³¹ªºµo®i¤è¦¡¬Û¦P¡A×Ãã¾Ç¤WºÙ¤§¬°¹ï¥yªk ¡]parallelism¡^¡F´N«ä·Qªº±À®iµ{§Ç¨¥¡A´f¯S°Ò§Q¥Î¤@ºØ¿W¯Sªº§Þ¥©¡A³qºÙ¬°¥Ø¿ý¸Ö ¡]Catalogue verse¡^¡C
1.¹ï¥yªk¡@
©Ò¿×¹ï¥yªk«K¬O±N¤@²Õ¼Æ¥Ø¤£©wªº¸Ö¦æ¡]¦p¥HWhen Lilacs¬°¨Ò¡A¤Ö«h¶È¬°¨â¦æ¡A¦ý¦h¥i¦Ü¤C¡B¤K¦æ¡^¬Û§e¨Ã¦C¡A¦U¥y¤¤ªºµüÃþ©Î«ä·Q±Æ¦C¦¸§Çì«h¤W³£¿í¦u¤@©wªº®æ¦¡¡A©ó¬O«e¥y¤¤ªº¥yºc¦p¬°¥Dµü-°Êµü-¨üµü¡A«h§ÀÀHªº¥y¤l¤]§@¦P¼Ëªº¦w±Æ¡CWhen Lilacs¤@¸Ö¤¤³oÃþªº¨Ò¤lÁ¬B¬Ò¬O¡A¦p¡G
O western orb sailing the heaven,
Now I know what you must have meant as a month
Since I walk'd,
As I walk'd in silence the transparent shadowy night,
As I saw you had something to tell as you bent to me
night after night,
As you droop'd from the sky low down as if to my side,
(while the other stars all look'd on,)
As we wander'd together the solemn night, (for something
I know not what kept me from sleep,)
As the night advance'd, and I saw on the rim of the west
How full you were of woe,
As I stood on the rising ground in the breeze in the cool
Transparent nigh,
As I watch'd where you pass'd and was lost in the
netherward black of the night,
As my soul in its trouble dissatisfied sank, as where
You sad orb,
Concluded, drop in the night, and was gone. (57-65)¡@´X¥G¨C¦æªº¥yºc³£¬OAs-¥N¦Wµüªº¥Dµü-°Êµü¡C¦¹²Õ¹ï¥yªk¤@¦A¨Ï¥Î¡A¥Dn¦bŨ¦«²Ä¤¤Q¤»¦æNow I know what you must have meant¤@¥y¤¤ªº¦U¼h§t·N¡C¦¹³B¥Î¦r©TµMµy¶ûÁc½Æ¡A¥i¬O¨Ã¥¼µ¹¤H¤@ºØ®{¶Oµ§¾¥ªº·Pı¡C¤]´N¬O»¡¡A¹ï¥yªkªº¯É¶Ã¤¤¦Û¦³¨ä²Î¤@©Ê¡A¦Ó³oºØ²Î¤@©Ê³q±`ÂǦb«e©Î¦b«áªº·§©À©ÊÁn©ú¡]¦p²Ä¤¤Q¤»¦æ§Y¬°¤@¨Ò¡^¥[¥H´£¥Ü¡A¥H§KŪªÌ¬°Ác¯Éªº¦L¶H©Ò°g´b¡A¬Æ¦Ü©¿²¤¤F¾ã²Õ¹ï¥yªk©Ò¥¥§tªº¤¤¤ß¦®·N¡C¡@
When Lilacs¤@¸Ö¤¤¹ï¥yªkªº¨Ï¥Î¸û¬°¯S¥Xªº¬°²Ä¤G¡B¤T¡B¤¡B¤»¡B¤K¡B¤Q¡B¤Q¤@¡B¤Q¤G¡B¤Q¤T¡B¤Q¥|¤Î¤Q¤»µ¥¸`¡C±ÒºªºµüÃþ©TµM¦³¤£¤Ö¬O¦Wµü¡B«aµü©Î°Æµüµ¥¡A¦ý³Ì±`¨£ªºÀ³¸Óºâ¤¶¨tµü¡A¦pWith¡]²Ä¤T¡B¤»¡B¤Q¤@¸`¡^¡AIn, Over¡]²Ä¤Q¥|¸`¡^µ¥¡C³oÃþ¹ï¥yªk¸g±`¥H±¼§À¥y¡]periodic sentence¡^¡]¦Ü¥y§À¾ã¥y¤§¥Dn·N©À¨Ï§¹¥þªí©úªº¥y¤l¡^¦¬§À¡A¦p²Ä¤»¸`¤@¨t¦C¥HWith³oÓ±Òº¤¶¨tµü¡]introductory preposition¡^¬°ºªº¥y¤l¡A°t¦X¤@Ó²µu¦³¤Oªº±¼§À¥y¡GI give you my sprig of lilac¨Ï¥Î¡A©{µMÂY¦a¦³Án¡C¡@
³oºØ¹ï¥yªk¼sªx¨Ï¥Îªºµ²ªG¡A´N¸Öªº¤º²[¨¥¡A¥E¬Ý¦ü¥O¤H¦³¥Ø¯t¯«°gªº·Pı¡A¦ý¨Æ¹ê¤W´f¯S°Òªº¥ø¹Ï¤]´N¬On§â¥L·P¨ü¨ìªº¤@¤Á¶×¶°¤@³B¡A³e¹ý¥LµL©Ò¤£®e¡]inclusion¡^ªº¤H¥ÍÆ[»P¬ü¾Çì²z¡C§ó¶i¤@¨B»¡¡AY¤zµLªk¥H¥¿¦¡ÅÞ¿è±À²zªº·N©À¡A¥H³oºØ¹ï¥yªk¤@¦b®ÇºV°¼À»¡Aˤ]¥i¯à´¦ÅSY¤zªº¯u¬Û¡C´N¥yºcÆ[ÂI¬Ý¡A¦æ»P¦æ¤§¶¡¬Ý¦ü´²º©µL³¹¡A¯Ê¥F¡u«áÀ³¡vªºÃý¸}¡FµM¦Ó¡A´f¯S°Ò¥H¹ï¥yªk¥N¤§¡AË»á¯à»s´N¤@ºØ¡u«e©I¡vªººò´ê·P¡C¡@
2. ¥Ø¿ý¸Ö¡@
¥Ø¿ý¸Öì«ü¸Ö¤¤¥]¬A¤@¨t¦Cªº¤H¦W¡B¦a¦W¡B¨Æª«©Î«ä·Q¡A¦Ó¨C²Õ¦WºÙ¤¤³q±`§t¦³¤@Ó¬Û¦Pªº¥DÅé¡A¦p^¶¯®ð·§¡B¬ü¡B©Î¦º¤`(¦pWhen Lilacs¤¤ªº¥Ø¿ý¸Ö)µ¥¡C³oºØ§Þ¥©¤W·¹¥j¥N¤å¾Ç¡A¨Ã´²¨£¦U°ê¤å¾Ç§@«~¤¤¡C¥Ø¿ý¸Öì¥ýªº¥\¥Î»P±Ð¾Ç¦³Ãö¡A¥Dn¬O¥R·í¤å¦r±Ò»XªºÅªª«¡A¤]´N¬O¤Õ¤l©Ò¿×¾Ç¸Ö¥i¥H¦hÃѳ¾Ã~¯ó¤ì¤§¦Wªº·N«ä¡C¡@
«ÜÅãµM¡A´f¯S°Ò¥Ø¿ý¸Öªº¥\¥Î¤£¶È©ó¦¹¡C¥L²`«H¸Ö¤HY·Q¹ï¦t©zªº¯u¿Í¦³²`¨èªºÅé»{¡A³Ì¨Îªº³~®|²ö¹L©ó±N¤@³s¦êªº¨Æª«¤@¤@¥[¥H¦CÁ|¡A¦Ó¦A¦CÁ|ªº¹Lµ{¤¤¡A¦t©zªº°ò¥»¦Ù¸Ì¯¾¸ô¦ÛµM¦ÓµM·|±q¦r¸Ì¦æ¶¡´é²{¡C¡@
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