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          Emily Dickinson»{¬°³Ì½ÆÂø¦ÓµØÄRªº¤å¦r¡AÁa¨Ï°Ê¤H¦³¤O¡A¤]µLªk¹DºÉ¯EÃvªº¦t©z»P¤HÃþ¸gÅçÁßÂ䤯u¥¿¦³·N¸qªº¨Æª«¡C¦]¦¹¦aºÜºëºÜ¼{ªº­n¥Î²³æ¥­¹êªº¦r·J¡A¿ï¾Ü¦³±ø¤£¯¿ªº¤åÅé¡C¦o³Ì¤jªº§Æ±æ¦ü¥G¦b¤O¨D¤å¦r¥»¨­²M´·©ú¥Õ¡A¥H«K§âŪªÌ²@¤£¸ê¤Oªº¤Þ¤J¸gÅ窺¥»¨­¡C

        ¦oªº¸Ö¦ü¥G¥þ¬O¬°¦Û¤v¦Ó¬°ªº¡C©Ò¥Îªº»y¨¥¬Oµo§ç¦Û§Ú¥@¬É¤º¦b¥Í¬¡ªº´C¤¶¡CŪ¦oªº¸Ö¡A¥O¤H³V±o´X¥G´N¹³¦bÅÑÅ¥¦o©M¯«©_ªº¦r©z¦b¤@¤ù¹çÀRÁn¤¤«Õ·|¤@¼Ë¡C
            ¨eªº¸Ö¡A»y¨¥Â²³æ¦Ó¤º®e²Ú´_¡A¨ä¶¡¦ü¥G¦³ºØ¦ü«D¦Ó¬Oªº¤£­q©M¡C¦³¦ìµû½×®a§â³o¤@ÂIºÙ¬°¡u¦Û»{µL¤Oªº¦³¤O¸Ö¡v (powerful poems confessing their powerless)ÁöµM¸Ö¤H³q±`·|¥ý©Ó»{¦Û¤v¥¼¯àºÉ±¡ªí¹F¥X¥L·Q­nªí¹Fªº¸gÅ窺¥þ³¡¤º®e¡C±q³o¤@¤è­±¬Ý¨Ó¡A¦³¨ÇEmily Dickinsonªº¥|¦æ¸Ö(¨Ò¦p¡AJ.288,J.441, J¡O1078)»á¹³¤¤°ê¸Öªº¡uµ´¥y¡v;¤]´N¬O»¡¡A«ä·Q¹³¬O¦b³Ì«á¤@¦æ¬ðµM¤¤Â_¡AÅýŪªÌªº·Q¹³¤OÄ~Äò¥hª±¨ý³o»ò´X¦æµu¸Ö©Ò¿E°_ªº¸gÅç¡C¦o¼g¸ÖÁ¿¨D·Nºë¨¥Â²¡A§Ò¿Ð¨±°j¦±§é¡A³o«K¬O¦o¥Î¦rªº¥t¤@­Ó¯SÂI¡C¨eªº¸Ö³£«Ü²µu¡A¦n¥Î¤ñ³ëªk¨Óªí¹F¦t©zªº¡u¹ê¦b]¡C§Ú­Ì¥i¥H¦C¥X¤@¨Ç¦o¨å«¬ªº¤å¦r§Þ¥©¡A¨ÃÁ|¨Ò»¡©ú:

1)¤Þ³ë(Allusion)
'And neigh like Boanerges'(J.585)«K¬O³Ì¦nªº¨Ò¤l ¡C¦o§â¸t¸g¤¤ªº¤@¾ã¬q¿@ÁY¦¨'Boanerges¤@­Ó¦r¡A¨Ã¥B§â¥¦¹B¥Î¨ì·í®Éªº·s­^®æÄõ¦a¤è¡C¦o¤£¥Î¯«¸Ü¤¤ªº°¨¦W¡A¦Ó¿ï¾Ü¡u¹p¤l¡vsons of thunder ³o¼Ëªº¦W¦r¨Ó¤ñ³ë¡C­C¿q§âÍ¢ªº¨â­Óªù®{¥s°µ¡u¹p¤l¡v¡A¦]¬°¥L­Ì¦³¦p¤õ¯ëªº¼ö¸Û¡C¦o¤]³\¬O¦b«ÕÀq
ªº·t¥Ü·í®É¨º¨Ç³ÙÄ[ªººt»¡®a(³o«K¬OBoanerges¤Þ¦ù¥X¨Óªº·N¸q)¡A³o¨Çºt»¡®a´¿¸Ø¤j¨äµüªº»¡¡A·í®ÉÅK¸ôªº¶}³q¬O·s®É¥N ª«½è¶i¨Bªº¶H¼x¡C

2¡^Åå»y(Aphorism)
¡D"Men do not sham convulsion,/Nor stimulate a throe"(J.%1,3¤@4)¡C³o¨â¦æ¸Ö«K¬O²­z­Ó¤Hµh­W¡A¥HÅå»yªí¥Üªº³Ì¦n¨ÒÃÒ¡C³¾»ï¤§®®¦Õ»P§_¨ú¨M©óÅ¥ªÌ¤§¦Õ¡C³o­Ó¨Æ¹ê¥H¤U¦C¤T¦æªº³s¥yªí²{±o²M·¡ ©úÁA: The "Tune is in the tree"/The skeptic showeth me/"No, sir! ln thee!" (J¡O 526,13¤@15)

3)©_³ë(Conceit)
³oÃþªº¨Ò¤l¥i¦b"A Bird come down the walk"³o­º¸Ö¸Ì§ä¨ì¡C¸Öªº³Ì«á¤»¦æ´y¼g°¨©M½¹½ºªº¬YºØ¬ð§´¡C¥t¤@­Ó§ó³±ºG¥i©È¦Ó½ÆÂøªº©_³ë¨£©ó¦oªº¤ò¸Ö"Because l could not stop for death" (J.712):
We pause before a house that seemed
As swelling of the ground;
The roof was scarcely visible¡A
The cornice in the ground.(17-20)
¬°­n»¡©ú¦oªº·s«Î'house"´N¬O¤@®y¼X¹Ó¡A¦o«K¥Î¤F¨â­Ó²Ó¸`´N§¹¦¨¤F:¤@­Ó´X¥G¬Ý¤£¨£ªº«Î³»(a "roof" that is scarcely visible")©M¤@­Ó¦b¦a©³¤U§Î¦p´Ã»\ªº­¸»\¡]a "cornice," the molding around the coffin', that is, in the ground")¡C

4)ĵ¥y(Epigmm)
ĵ¥y¤j·§¥Ñ°Ê¾÷¤@°Ê¦Ó±o¡AÄ´¦p"Exultation is the going"¡A
"Of an inland soul to sea"(J.76.L2)´N¬O¡Cĵ¥y±`¦b±a¦³§Þ¥©©M¿Ø«fªº¥|¦æ¸Ö¤¤ªí²{¥X¨Ó:
How dreary to be somebody!
How public like a frog
To tell your name the livelong June
To an admiring bog (J.288.5-8)
³oºØ¸Ö¸g±`§Q¥Î³Ì«áªº¹ï°¸¥y°µ¬°Åå¤Hªºµ²§À(Surprise ending¡^
:

The Grass so little has to do¡A
l wish l were a hay.¡O(3.19-20)

5)©Ê½è§Î®eµü(Epithet)
Dickinson¹B¥Î¾A·íªº§Î®eµü¤ù»y¨Ó«ü¥X¬Yª«ªº¯S®í©Ê:´y¼g¨Æª«®É¡A¦o»¡¤ÑªÅ¬O"molten blue"(J.214);§Î®e­Ó¤H®|§Ú®É¡A¦o»¡µh­W«áªº·Pı¬O" quartz contentment (J.34l);
´y¼g¤j¦ÛµM®É¡A¦o»¡"sequestered afternoon"(J.1540)¡C

6)¸Ø±i»y(Hyperbole)
³oºØ§Þ¥©±`¨ã¦³¥O¤H¤j¦Y¤@Å媺¯à­@¡C¨Ò¦p:¡C'debauchee of dew"(J.214)´N¬O¡C

7)Áô³ë(Metaphor)
¦b¡DBecause l could not stop for death"ªº(J.712)³o­º¸Ö¦k¸Ìcarriage³o­Ó¦r¦L¥Nªí»P¦º¤`¤@°_¨B¦V¥Ã®Ùªº¯«¹C¡C

8)¤Ï½×»y(Paradox)
¦b"
I like to see it lap the miles"(J.585)³o­º¸Ö¤¤¡A¤õ¨®ªº©Ê½è³Q§t½kªº¤©¥H¨Ã¸m¡A³o­Ó"omnipotent"ªº¾÷¨®¦b¸Öªº³Ì«á¤@¸`¸Ì¤wÅܤp¤F¡AÅܬ°¹¥¨}¦Ó¤S"docile"ªº°¨¡C¦b¥t¤@­º¸Ö"There's a certain slant of light"(J.258)ùØ¡A¤Ï½×»y¤S©M¥Ù¬Þ­×¹¢ªk(Oxymoron,¤@ºØ§ó¬°Â²©úªº¤ñ³ëªk)¦X¦Ó¬°¤@¡C¦p"heavenly hurt"´N¬O¤@­Ó¦n¨Ò¤l¡C

9)Á¼»y(Riddle)
¦b¥»¡u¾\Ū«ü¾É¡vùØ¡A¦³Dickinson¹³Á¼¤@¼Ë¬ù¨â­º¸Ö¡A¬Æ¬°§t»W¡C¨ä¤¤¤@­º¬O³o¼Ë¶}©lªº;'How happy is the little stone/That rambles in the road alone" (J.l510);¥t¤@­º¬O"As im
perceptibly as grief /The summer lapsed away" (J.l5¦p)³o¨â­º¸Öªº¶}©l¨â¥y¥O¤H§x´b¤£¸Ñ¡A¹³Á¼»y¤@¯ë¡C¦]¬°§Ú­Ì·|ÃhºÃ;¡u¤p¥ÛÀY«ç»ò·|§Ö¼Ö©O?¡v;¡u®L¤é«ç»ò·|¹³´d¶Ë¤@¼Ë·È¨«©O?¡v