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Alice Munro

1931-

Julia Hsieh/Á¨Øæ¢
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 Biographic Sketch

 Her Works

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Biographic Sketch 

Raised in a farm, Alice Munro learned to appreciate the hardship and cruelty of life and be observant for her life and her people with keen perspectives and meticulous description. Regarded as the Canadian Anton Chekov, Munro's works are not merely interesting and entertaining, but educating and inspiring so that she has become an iconic figure that has won awards and received literary recognition over the years.

 
A. Family Background and Education
   

As the eldest of the three children to Robert Eric Laidlaw, the fox farmer, and Ann Chamney Laidlaw, a schoolteacher once, Alice Anne Laidlaw began to write when she was still at school. She stayed with her family until 1949 when she received a two-year scholarship and left for college education in London, Ontario. The second year in University of West Ontario, she married James Munro and started her new life in Vancouver. In the 1960s, the Munros moved to Victoria, B.C. to establish a book business; by then, Munro has given birth to three daughters, Sheila, Jenny and Andrea, and in the meanwhile, her short stories have appeared regularly in magazines and periodicals, and she began to take her writings seriously in view of supporting her family and writing habitually.

In 1970s, Munro's marriage with James Munro gradually dissolved and the couple divorced. She brought two daughters to move to Nelson and accepted the position of teaching creative writing, first in Nelson B.C., then in London, Ontario, and afterward in York University at Toronto. In 1974, her old school, University of Western Ontario, had her as a writer-in-residence, and soon she settled down with her second husband, geographer Gerald Fremlin, in Clinton, Ontario, where it is close to her hometown Wingham. What is intriguing remark is that Munro's father Robert Laidlaw became a writer as well, and his work was published shortly after his death. Wingham townfolks, however, did not express enjoyment or pride for having their lives and characters portrayed under such spotlight, being scrutinized as sources in Laidlaw's The Macgregors: A Novel of an Ontario Pioneer Family (1979) and Munro's works.
 
B. The Career of a Writer
   


A talented writer she is, in an interview, Munro once revealed that she does not plan her stories; instead, she is used to writing a scene and then developing the story from there. Her first short story collection Dance of the Happy Shades was published and won Governor General's Award in 1968, and three years later, Lives of Girls and Women made her acknowledged as a winner of Canadian Booksellers' Award.

It is believed that most of Munro's stories derived from her personal experience. Though denying the short stories being autobiographical, she does concede that her characters are portrayed on the basis of the emotional reality. E. D. Blodgett points out that Munro's stories are actually like a "discovery procedure" that invites readers to find the truth with her; he believes that "the registers of truth, falsehood, art, feigning, legend, fantasy, and hearsay combine in various ways to make the reader continually ponder how something is known and understood" (7).

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 Her Works

 

 

Munro's heroines in her early short stories resemble her own experience: the girl, growing from a poor family in southwestern rural Ontario town, seems to be certain about who she is and what she wants to do all along the story, but she always turns out to be unsure and begins to seek her identity. Munro marvels her readers and critics by turning the trivial and commonplace event into extraordinary adventure.

Dance of the Happy Shades has stories from one common narrator. The opening story tells an isolated girl from a poverty origin outshines her peers and folks by her exceptional ability of observation, reflection and inner-search. The title story narrates a piano recital where the normalcy is confronted with the abnormality; when a retarded girl, with her fine performance, stuns the normal students' mothers, who have been jeering the opposite of the normal children, the irony renders the so-called normalcy baffled and speechless. In many stories in this collection, Munro experiments on social reticence and illustrates the unstable elements in humanity, such as the feeling of insecurity in egoistic characters.

The sequences of the first collection are Lives of Girls and Women (1968), Something I've Been Meaning to Tell You (1974) and Who Do You Think You Are? (1978) in which Munro explores the transformation of characters. Some critics somehow compare Lives of Girls and Women with James Joyce's Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man. The small town heroine Del Jordan is out to the world and comes across eccentric characters, astounding events and sensational experience that lead the protagonist open her eyes and heart and complete the course of transformation, like a chameleon. Something I've been meaning to Tell You strives to engage the contemporary world into retrospective recollection. Unlike reminiscence derived from the past life, this collection actually collides the past with the present. Who Do You Think You Are? depicts more confrontation and more challenges for the protagonists that have been exploring the ordinary world; what's more, the protagonists head home after their consciousness reminds themselves who they really are and make them reconcile with their true identities.

Munro amazes the critics with her astute scrutiny over trifles in life and then her meticulous pictorial about the experiences, adventures, retrospect and the quest of the protagonists. W. R. Martin, who finds her first-person narrating protagonists mostly young and perceptive girls fascinating because "it is the young who are most absorbed by discoveries, epiphanies, and who try hardest to catch new and often disturbing experiences in some sort of net of words" (199); in addition, with symmetry and irony interwoven in her works, Martin acclaims Munro's stories aesthetically inspiring and satisfying.

The theme of the identity-quest continues in her following books: The Moons of Jupiter (1982), The Progress of Love (1986), Friend of My Youth(1991) and Open Secrets (1994). The issue of human relationships is further examined under the scope of the author. Whatever kinds of relationship is her target, for instance, parent-child or romantic relations, Munro carefully presents the vulnerability and the strength of her characters, and the power struggle between genders or classes permeates in the dramatic scenes within the stories. The same intriguing themes of personal history or family secrets appear in Friend of My Youth and Open Secrets. Coral Ann Howells regards Munro's stories in Friend of My Youth as "not exercises in sentimental nostalgia but attempts to discover new significance in the present by making connections with the past" (101); moreover, she notices that Munro further complicates the space and time of the present and the past, and that appears to be overlapping Open Secrets.

As Munro's stories are vastly read, so is the critical industry formed to survey her works. Among studies and critics, Howells centers on Munro's short story form and change in "increasing indeterminacy and multiple meanings" (146). Papp Carrington focuses on "Munro's consciously ambivalent attempts to control what is uncontrollable in experience and in language" (Howells 142); she actually presents "a darker Munro" that appears to be manipulative all over in the stories. Beverly J. Rasporich discusses Munro's "female romance fantasy, women's quests for independence" (144), and Magdalene Redekop points out particularly the mother-daughter relationship in Munro's stories (ibid).

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Reference

"Alice Munro." Contemporary Author. Contemporary Authors Online, Gale, 2003.

"Alice Munro." Contemporary Literary Criticism. Gale.

"Alice Munro." Dictionary of Literary Biography, Vol. 53: Canadian Writers Since 1960, First Series. Ed. W. H. New. Gruccoli Clark Layman Book. The Gale Group, 1986. 295-307.

Howells, Coral Ann. Alice Munro. Manchester: Manchester UP, 1998.

Blodgett, E. D. Alice Munro. Boston: Twayne, 1988.

Martin, W. R. Alice Munro. Edmunton, CA: University of Alberta P, 1987. 

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