­·®æ»P§Þ¥© (Style and Technique)
          Emily Dickinson¾D¹J¨ì¨C¦ì¸Ö¤H©Ò­±Á{ªº¦P¼Ë°ÝÃD¡G¦p¦ó¥Î·sªº¤âªk§â¼ô±x¥­¤Zªº¨Æª«±Ô»¡¥X¨Ó¡C¦o¨Ã«D¦³·N·Q­n§ï¤å¾Ç¶Ç²Î¡A©Î³Ð³y·sªº­·®æ¡A¦Ó¬O¦ÛµMªºµo®i¡A§Î¦¨¤FÄÝ©ó¦o¦Û¤vªº¡A¤@®M¿W¯Sªº±Ô­z¤èªk¡C¦³·N­n¥Î«D¤Zªº¤èªk¨Ó³¯­z¥­¤Zªº¨Æª«¡C¦o¼gªºªF¦èªìŪ®É¡A¦ü¥GÅã±o­·®æ¥­¤Z¨Ã¥B³æ½Õ¡A¨ä¹ê³o¥u¬Oªí­±¤W¦p¦¹;¦]¬°²ÓŪ©mªº»y¨¥©M·N¶H¡A«K·|±a¨Ó·sªºÅå©_¡A¨Ãµo²{¦oªº»y½Õ¥Rº¡¼ö±¡¡Aµ²ºc·¥¬°ºë¥©¡C  
                                                  »y¨¥(Language)
          Emily Dickinson»{¬°³Ì½ÆÂø¦ÓµØÄRªº¤å¦r¡AÁa¨Ï°Ê¤H¦³¤O¡A¤]µLªk¹DºÉ¯EÃvªº¦t©z»P¤HÃþ¸gÅçÁßÂ䤯u¥¿¦³·N¸qªº¨Æª«¡C¦]¦¹¦aºÜºëºÜ¼{ªº­n¥Î²³æ¥­¹êªº¦r·J¡A¿ï¾Ü¦³±ø¤£¯¿ªº¤åÅé¡C¦o³Ì¤jªº§Æ±æ¦ü¥G¦b¤O¨D¤å¦r¥»¨­²M´·©ú¥Õ¡A¥H«K§âŪªÌ²@¤£¸ê¤Oªº¤Þ¤J¸gÅ窺¥»¨­¡C
        ¦oªº¸Ö¦ü¥G¥þ¬O¬°¦Û¤v¦Ó¬°ªº¡C©Ò¥Îªº»y¨¥¬Oµo§ç¦Û§Ú¥@¬É¤º¦b¥Í¬¡ªº´C¤¶¡CŪ¦oªº¸Ö¡A¥O¤H³V±o´X¥G´N¹³¦bÅÑÅ¥¦o©M¯«©_ªº¦r©z¦b¤@¤ù¹çÀRÁn¤¤«Õ·|¤@¼Ë¡C  
          ¦oªº¸Ö¡A»y¨¥Â²³æ¦Ó¤º®eÁc½Æ¡A¨ä¶¡¦ü¥G¦³ºØ¦ü«D¦Ó¬Oªº¤£©w¡C¦³¦ìµû½×®a§â³o¤@ÂIºÙ¬°¡u¦Û»{µL¤Oªº¦³¤O¸Ö¡v (powerful poems confessing their powerless)ÁöµM¸Ö¤H³q±`·|¥ý©Ó»{¦Û¤v¥¼¯àºÉ±¡ªí¹F¥X¥L·Q­nªí¹Fªº¸gÅ窺¥þ³¡¤º®e¡C±q³o¤@¤è­±¬Ý¨Ó¡A¦³¨ÇEmily Dickinsonªº¥|¦æ¸Ö(¨Ò¦p¡AJ.288, J.441, J.1078)»á¹³¤¤°ê¸Öªº¡uµ´¥y¡v;¤]´N¬O»¡¡A«ä·Q¹³¬O¦b³Ì«á¤@¦æ¬ðµM¤¤Â_¡AÅýŪªÌªº·Q¹³¤OÄ~Äò¥hª±¨ý³o»ò´X¦æµu¸Ö©Ò¿E°_ªº¸gÅç¡C¦o¼g¸ÖÁ¿¨D·Nºë¨¥Â²¡A§Ò¿Ð¨±°j¦±§é¡A³o«K¬O¦o¥Î¦rªº¥t¤@­Ó¯SÂI¡C¨eªº¸Ö³£«Ü²µu¡A¦n¥Î¤ñ³ëªk¨Óªí¹F¦t©zªº¡u¹ê¦b¡v¡C§Ú­Ì¥i¥H¦C¥X¤@¨Ç¦o¨å«¬ªº¤å¦r§Þ¥©¡A¨ÃÁ|¨Ò»¡©ú:  
1)¤Þ³ë(Allusion)
'And neigh like Boanerges'(J.585)«K¬O³Ì¦nªº¨Ò¤l¡C¦o§â¸t¸g¤¤ªº¤@¾ã¬q¿@ÁY¦¨Boanerges¤@­Ó¦r¡A¨Ã¥B§â¥¦¹B¥Î¨ì·í®Éªº·s­^®æÄõ¦a¤è¡C¦o¤£¥Î¯«¸Ü¤¤ªº°¨¦W¡A¦Ó¿ï¾Ü¡u¹p¤l¡vsons of thunder ³o¼Ëªº¦W¦r¨Ó¤ñ³ë¡C­C¿q§âÍ¢ªº¨â­Óªù®{¥s°µ¡u¹p¤l¡v¡A¦]¬°¥L­Ì¦³¦p¤õ¯ëªº¼ö¸Û¡C¦o¤]³\¬O¦b«ÕÀq ªº·t¥Ü·í®É¨º¨Ç³ÙÄ[ªººt»¡®a(³o«K¬OBoanerges¤Þ¦ù¥X¨Óªº ·N¸q)¡A³o¨Çºt»¡®a´¿¸Ø¤j¨äµüªº»¡¡A·í®ÉÅK¸ôªº¶}³q¬O·s®É¥N ª«½è¶i¨Bªº¶H¼x¡C
 
2¡^Åå»y(Aphorism)
"Men do not sham convulsion,/Nor stimulate a throe"(J.1,3-4)¡C³o¨â¦æ¸Ö«K¬O²­z­Ó¤Hµh­W¡A¥HÅå»yªí¥Üªº³Ì¦n¨ÒÃÒ¡C³¾»ï¤§®®¦Õ»P§_¨ú¨M©óÅ¥ªÌ¤§¦Õ¡C³o­Ó¨Æ¹ê¥H¤U¦C¤T¦æªº³s¥yªí²{±o²M·¡©úÁA: The "Tune is in the tree"/The sceptic showeth me/"No, sir! ln thee!"(J.526,13¤@15)  
3)©_³ë(Conceit)
³oÃþªº¨Ò¤l¥i¦b¡CABirdcamedown¦åewalk"³o­º¸Ö ¸Ì§ä¨ì¡C¸Öªº³Ì«á¤»¦æ´y¼g°¨©M½¹½ºªº¬YºØ¬ð§´¡C¥t¤@­Ó§ó³±ºG¥i©È¦Ó½ÆÂøªº©_³ë¨£©ó¦oªº¤ò¸Ö"Because l could not stop for death" (J.712):
We pause before a house that seemed
As swelling of the ground;
The roof was scarcely visible¡A
The cornice in the ground.(17-20)
¬°­n»¡©ú¦oªº·s«Î'house"´N¬O¤@®y¼X¹Ó¡A¦o«K¥Î¤F¨â­Ó²Ó¸`
´N§¹¦¨¤F:¤@­Ó´X¥G¬Ý¤£¨£ªº«Î³»(a "roof" that is scarcely
visible")©M¤@­Ó¦b¦a©³¤U§Î¦p´Ã»\ªº­¸»\¡]a "cornice," the
molding around the coffin',that is, in the ground")¡C
4)ĵ¥y(Epigmm)
ĵ¥y¤j·§¥Ñ°Ê¾÷¤@°Ê¦Ó±o¡AÄ´¦p"Exultation is the going Of an inland soul to sea"(J.76.L2)´N¬O¡Cĵ¥y±`¦b±a ¦³§Þ¥©©M¿Ø«fªº¥|¦æ¸Ö¤¤ªí²{¥X¨Ó:
How dreary to be somebody!
How public like a frog
To tell your name the livelong June
To an admiring bog (J.288.5-8)
³oºØ¸Ö¸g±`§Q¥Î³Ì«áªº¹ï°¸¥y°µ¬°Åå¤Hªºµ²§À(Surprise ending¡^
The Grass so little has to do¡A
l wish l were a hay.¡O(3.19-20)
5)©Ê½è§Î®eµü(Epithet)
Dickinson¹B¥Î¾A·íªº§Î®eµü¤ù»y¨Ó«ü¥X¬Yª«ªº¯S®í©Ê:´y ¼g¨Æª«®É¡A¦o»¡¤ÑªÅ¬O"molten blue"(J.214);§Î®e­Ó¤H®| §Ú®É¡A¦o»¡µh­W«áªº·Pı¬O" quartz contentment (J.34l); ´y¼g¤j¦ÛµM®É¡A¦o»¡"sequestered afternoon"(J.1540)¡C
6)¸Ø±i»y(Hyperbole)
³oºØ§Þ¥©±`¨ã¦³¥O¤H¤j¦Y¤@Å媺¯à­@¡C¨Ò¦p:¡C'debauchee of dew"(J.214)´N¬O¡C
7)Áô³ë(Metaphor)
¦b¡DBecause l could not stop for death"ªº(J.712)³o­º¸Ö¦k¸Ìcarriage³o­Ó¦r¦L¥Nªí»P¦º¤`¤@°_¨B¦V¥Ã®Ùªº¯«¹C¡C
8)¤Ï½×»y(Paradox)
¦b" I like to see it lap the miles"(J.585)³o­º¸Ö¤¤¡A¤õ¨®ªº©Ê½è³Q§t½kªº¤©¥H¨Ã¸m¡A³o­Ó"omnipotent"ªº¾÷¨®¦b ¸Öªº³Ì«á¤@¸`¸Ì¤wÅܤp¤F¡AÅܬ°¹¥¨}¦Ó¤S"docile"ªº°¨¡C¦b¥t ¤@­º¸Ö"There's a certain slant of liht"(J.258)ùØ¡A¤Ï ½×»y¤S©M¥Ù¬Þ­×¹¢ªk(Oxymoron,¤@ºØ§ó¬°Â²©úªº¤ñ³ëªk)¦X ¦Ó¬°¤@¡C¦p¡Cheavenly hurt"´N¬O¤@­Ó¦n¨Ò¤l¡C
9)Á¼»y(Riddle)
¦b¥»¡u¾\Ū«ü¾É¡vùØ¡A¦³Dickinson¹³Á¼¤@¼Ë¬ù¨â­º¸Ö¡A ¬Æ¬°§t»W¡C¨ä¤¤¤@­º¬O³o¼Ë¶}©lªº;'How happy is the little stone/That rambles in the road alone" (J.l510); ¥t¤@­º¬O"As imerceptibly as grief /The summer lapsed away" (J.l5¦p)³o¨â­º¸Öªº¶}©l¨â¥y¥O¤H§x´b¤£¸Ñ¡A¹³Á¼»y¤@¯ë¡C¦]¬°§Ú­Ì·|ÃhºÃ;¡u¤p¥ÛÀY«ç»ò·|§Ö¼Ö©O?¡v;¡u®L¤é«ç »ò·|¹³´d¶Ë¤@¼Ë·È¨«©O?¡v 
 
·N¹³(lmagery)
  Emily Dickinson¸Öªº³Ì¤j¯S¦â¤§¤@¡A«K¬O¦o¯à§â³Ì©â¶Hªº·§ ©À¡A¨ü¦¨¨ã¦³¤H®æ»P·P¨ü¤OªºªF¦è¡A¥O¤Hı±o³o¨Ç©â¶Hªº·§©ÀµS¦p´x´¤¤¤ªº·N¶H¡C¥Ñ¦¹¥i¨£¦o²`²`ÁA¸Ñ·P©x¸gÅç»P¤ß²z¹ê½è¤§¶¡ªºÃö«Y¡C ¦o½×¦º¤`»Pµ´±æ¨â­º¸Ö³Ì¯àÃÒ¹ê³o¤@¯SÂI¡C ±qµ²ºc¤W¬Ý¡A¦oªº¦W¸Ö " Because lcould not stop for death," ¨Æ¶T¤W¡A³B¦b³B²z¨â­Ó©â¶Hªº¥DÃD¡A§Y¦º¤`»P¥Ã¥Í¡C­nÁA¸Ñ³o¨â­Ó©â¶Hªº·§©À¡AÁ`±o±q´X­Ó·N¶H¤¤¥hÁp·Q¡A³o¨Ç·N¶H§Y"the carriage," ¡D¡Cthe fields of gazing grain"¡A"the setting sun," the coffin which is "a house that seemed/A swelling of the ground," »P"the horses head…toward eternity¡D" ¦]¬°¨eªº©â¶HÆ[©À¥Ñ·N¶H¤¤Áp·Q¦Ó±o¡A©Î³\§Ú­Ì¥i¥H»¡¡A¦o¦P®É¡u¬Ý¨ì¡vÆ[©À¡A¡u·Q¨ì¡vª¾Ä±(She simultaneouly sees the ideas and thinks the perception)¡C³o¬O¤@­º½×¤Î¦º¤`ªº¸Ö¡AÁöµMµh ­W¡A¦ý¦o«o¯à³B¤§®õµM¡A¤£°ÊÁn¦â¡A´N¹³²Q¤k²Ô¤hÀRÀR´§¤â¹D§O®Éªº ±¡´º¤@¼Ë¡C
¦b"There's a certain slant of light"(J.258)³o­º¸ÖùØ¡A ©u¸`ÅܤƳQ¥Î¨Ó·í°µ¤ß²zÅܤƪº¨ã¯Ã¶H¼x¡C¸Ö¤¤ªº·N¶H³z¹J´X­Ó·P©x¨Ó»¡©ú¥Îµ´±æ¦Ó¿E°_ªºµh­W°ÝÃD¡CCharles R. Anderson¦bEmily Dickinson's Poetry: Stairway of Surprise ¤@®Ñ¤¤µû½×¦p¤U: ¤º¦b¸gÅç¨Ã«D¥Î¨¥»y¨Óªí¹F¡A¦Ó¬O¥Ñ¸Ö¤¤¿ùºî½ÆÂøªº·N¶H©Ò«P¦¨¡A­ì¨Ó¥u¬O¤@­Ó¨ú¦Û¤j¦ÛµM©Î»aªÅ¤¤ªº·N¶H¡A ¸g¥Ñ¤º¤ß¦Óªð¦^¦ÛµM®É¡A·N¶H¤W°_¤F·¥¤jªºÅܤơC³o³\ ³\¦h¦hªº·N¶H¡A¥Î¨Óªí¥Üµ´±æ®É¤º¤ß¤dÅܸU¤Æªº±¡ªp¡A ³o¨Ç·N¶H­ì¬O©¼¦¹¤£¬ÆÃöÁp¡A¥Ñ©ó¬Û¤¬¼vÅT¡A¦]¯à¬Û¿Ä¬Û¦X¡A¦b°}°}Åå©_Án¤¤¹D¥X¤F§@ªÌ·Q­nªí¹Fªº·N©À¡C¨º ºØµL©w§Îªº©Ê½è³Ìªì¥Î¤@¹D¥i¥HÁA¸Ñ¦Ó¨¹µL±q®»ºNªº¡u ¥ú¡v¨ãÅéªí²{¥X¨Ó¡C¦A»¡¡A³o¤@¹D±×¥ú¡A¨Ó·½¤£©ú¡A¤© ¤H¤ß´Ýªº¼vÅT¤£¯P¡A´N¹³µ´±æªº·Pı³q±`µ¹¤©¤ß¿ñªº½ÄÀ»¤@¼Ë¡C¦b¤é¼Ç·³§À¤§»Ú¡A§Ú­Ì²×©óµo²{­ì¨Ó¬O¤@¹D¡u ÄY¥V¤È¦Z¡v»a¥Õªº¥ú¡C¦pªG®L¤é¶H¼x¥Í¬¡ªº§¹º¡»PÅw´r ¡A¥V©u¤È¦Z¸Ó¬O¶H¼x¬Ý¥Í¬¡ªº´Ý¯Ê»P´d«s¡C
Án­µªº·N¶H(sound image)§â¶Ç²Î¤¤ªí²{»þ¥V©Ò¥ÎªºÄ²Ä±·N¶H (tactile image)Åܱo§ó¥[¨I´e¡A¦]¬°²øÄYªºÄÁÁn©Î­·µ^Án§â¥úªi§Å¦¨Ánªi¡A¨Ï¤H´ý¨­³£¯à·P¨ü¨ì¥¦ªº­«¶q¡C¸Ö¤¤¡A¶}©l®É¬O»¡"heavely hurt"¡A«öµÛªí²{¨ü¶Ëªº·N¶H(image of injury)¡A¦b¦r¸Ì¦æ¶¡ ¥X²{scar©Maffliction¡C³Ì«á¡A¹B¥ÎÀÀ¤Hªº¤âªk¡AÅý¤@¹B©_²§¦Ó¤S ²Y²Dªº¥ú¥X²{¡C³o¹Dº¥º¥®ø³uªº¥ú´N¹³¦º¯«¤@¯ë¡A¸Uª«¬Ò¦]®£Äß¦Ó«Ì ®§¥H«Ý¦º¤`±aµÛ­¯¥ÍªºÁy¤Õ¡A´N¹³¤@­Ó¯«¯µªº²§¶m«È¡C³o¤@¨Ó¥Í»P¦º¦b¦¹¸Ö¤¤«K§Î¦¨¤F·¥¤jªº®t¶Z¡C
 
 ¯S®íªí²{ªk (ldiosyncrasies) 
°Q½×Dickinsonªº¸Öªº»y½Õ©Mµ²ºc¤§«e¡A§Ú­ÌÀ³¸Ó¯d·N¦oªº­ì ½Z¤¤¨º¨Ç¯}®æªº¦a¤è¡C¨ä¯}®æ¤§³B¬ù¥i¤À¬°¥|ÂI:¡]¤@¡^«÷¦rspelling) ¡A(¤G¡^¤j¼g(capitahzation)¡A¡]¤T¡^¯}§é¸¹(dashes)¡A¥|¤À¸`ÅÜ¤Æ (stanzaic variations)¡C
(¤@¡^»P¡]¥|¡^¨âÂI®Õ¤£­«­n¡AµL»Ý¯S§O»¡©ú¡C¦ý¹ï¨ä¤j¼g©M¯}§é¸¹ªºÅÜ ¥Îªk¡A¾ÇªÌ±M®a­Ìij½×¯É¯Æ¡C¨Ò¦p¡A¦b'I went to heaven¤@"(J¡O 374¡^³o­º¶È¦³¤­¤Q¦rªº¸Ö¸Ì¡A´N¦³¤Ü¤T­Ó¯}§é¸¹¡A¤Q¤@­Ó¤j¼g(¨C ¦æ¶}ÀYªº¤Q¤»­Ó¤j¼gÁÙ¤£­pºâ¦b¤º)¡C ¦o³o¼Ë¦s·N¨Ï¥Î¤j¼gªº¤âªk¥²¦³¨ä¯S®íªº¥Î·N¡A¦o©Î³\§â¤j¼g¦r ¬Ý¦¨¹ê»Ú¦s¦bªº­È®Ù¡A»P²³¤£¦P¡C¦o³ßÅw¥é·ÓCarlyle©M¼w»y¬ù¼g ªk¡A§â¦Wµü³q³q¼g¦¨¤j¼g¡C¦³¦ìµû½×®a»¡¡A¦o³o¼Ë°µ¡A¬O·Q§â²øÄY°ª ¶Qªº®ð½è¤Þ¤J¯«¸Üªº½d³ò¤¤¡C³o«K¬O¦oª±§Ëªá©Ûªº¯S§Þ¤F¡C¸Ö¤¤¨Ï¥Î¦UºØ¤£¦Pªø«×ªº¯}§é¸¹»P±×½u¡C¨ä¥Îªk¬O§_¤@­P¡A¦Û¦¨ Åé¨t¡A¼ÐÂI²ÅÂI¬O§_¦b¤åªk¤W©ÎÀ¸¼@¤W¦¬¨ì®ÄªG¡A³o¤@ÂI¡A¾ÇªÌ±M®a ­Ì¤]¬O²³»¡¯É¯Æ¡C¦oªº¯}§é¸¹¤£¥u¬O¦L¶H¬£ªº²Å¸¹¡A¥Î¨Óªí¥Ü°±¹y©Î±j½Õ¡C¤åªk¤Wªº¤À¥yªk«h¤]µLªk§¹¥þ¸ÑÄÀ³o¨Ç²Å¸¹ªº¥\¥Î¡A¦b¦oµ§¤U ³o¨Ç²Å¸¹ÀH®É¥i¥H¥Î¨Ó¯}¶}¥y¤l¡A¦³®É¥X²{¦b¥Dµü»P°Êµü¤§¶¡¡A¦³®É ¥X²{¦b­z»y»P­z»y(Predication¡^¤§¶¡¡C¦o¨Ï¥Î¯}§é¸¹ªº¥Øªº¤§¤@ «K¬O¦b±j½Õ¦oªº¨ººØ¤Ï¶Ç²Îªº³y¥yªk¡C¦]¬°¦oÅãµMªº¬G·N¯}Ãa¤åªk³W «h¡A¥H¨D¹F¦¨¯S®íªºÀ¸¼@©Ê®ÄªG(¦ý¨Ã«D³B³B¦¨¥\)¡C ¸Öªº­ì½Z¤¤¦³³\¦h¯S®íªí²{ªk¡A§â³o¨Çªº¨Ö½s¦b²{¥N­×­qª©¤W¡A³o¼Ë´¯¦³¦óÀuÂI¡Aµû½×®aªº¬Ýªk¤]¤£ ¤@­P¡CDickinson¦b¥@®É¨Ã «D¾·~¸Ö¤H¡A¦o¦Û»{¥u¬O­Ó·~¾lªº¤H½}¤F(?)¡A¦o¥i¯à§Æ±æ¦oªº¸Ö À]¾A«×ªº¥[¥H¾ã­×¡C©¯¦n²{¦b¦³¤@©w¥»(defintive edtion)¡A®Ñ¦W¬O The poems of Emily Dickinson¡A¥ÑThomasH. Johnson½s­q¡C ¦@¤À¤T¥U¡A¤@¤E¤­¤­¦~¥Xª©¡C®Ñ¤¤¦³³\¦h¿³²{¦s¤â½Z¤ñ¸û¬ã¨s©Ò±o ªº¦UºØ¸ÑÄÀ¡A¨ÑŪªÌ°Ñ¦Ò¡C³o¥»¾\Ū»²¾É¡A¦b½s±Æ¤W¡A°£¤F¤À¦¨¥|²Õ¤§¥~¡A¦p«e©Ò»¡¡A¸Ö«eªº½s¸¹±x¨ÌJohnson©Ò½s¸¹½X¡C°£¼ÐÂI²Å¸¹»P¤j¼g¦³©Ò§ó§ï¥~¡A­ì¤å»PJohnsonª©§¹¥þ¬Û¦P¡CÁöµM§Ú­Ì±Ä¥Î¤F²{¥N­×­q¥»¡A§Ú­Ì¨Ã¨S©¿µø³\¦h¥i¯àªº¸ÑÄÀ:¦o¨Ï¥Îªº¯}§é¸¹©Î³\¤£ ¶È¬O¥Î¨Ó¨ú¥N¥yÂI©M¤À¸¹¡A¦Ó¬O¥NªíÄa©À»Pµ¥«Ý®É«Ì®§ªº¥ð¤î²Å¡A©Î ¬O²Ó·L·N¸q®t²§¤g¥©§®ªºÂà½Õ¡A¬Æ©Î¥i¯à¬O¤@®M·s¦¡­µ²Å¡A´N¹³­µ¼Ö¤¤ªº¤À¸`²Å¸¹¤@¯ë¡CŪªÌ¥i±N¤U¦C¨âª©»P­ì½Z²Ó¤ß¤ñ¸û(¨£¹Ï)¡A¨Ã±ÀºV¼ÐÂI²Å¸¹ªºÅܤƦbÃÀ³N¤W¥i¯à²£¥Íªº¤£¦P®ÄªG¡C¡]±×Åé¦rªí¥Ü»P¥t¤@ª©¥»ªº¤£¦P¡^
­ìª©
The soul selects her own society¡A
Then shuts the door
To her divine majority
Obtrude no more¡A
 
Unmoved- she notes the the chariots pausing
At her low gate;
Unmoved, an emperor be kneeling
Upon her mat¡O
 
I've known her hom an ample nation ¡Ä
Choose one;
Then close the valve of her attention
Like stone¡D
­×­qª©
The soul selects her own society¡A
Then shuts the door
To her divine majority
Present  no more¡A
Unmoved, she notes the the chariots pausing
At her low gate;
Unmoved, an emperor be kneeling
Upon her mat¡O
 
I've known her hom an ample nation ¡Ä
Choose one;
Then close the valve of her attention
Like stone¡D
        ¹ï©ó»P¦o¦P®É¥Nªº¤H¨Ó»¡¡AEmily Dickinson¬O­Ó¿W¨ã³Ð¨£¦Ó°V½m¤£¨¬¡A¤S¤£À´¸Ö®æªº§@®a¡CÁöµM¦o¨Ï¥ÎÃý¸}(rhyme)¡A®ÇÃý(off rhyme)¡A¥b¿Ó­µ(assonance)¤£Á¿©M­µ(dissonance)µ¥µ¥§Þ¥©¨Ó±±¨î¦o¹L¥÷¦Û¥Ñ¬ùªí¹F²ßºD¡A¦ý¬O¦o²×¨sÁÙ¬O¤@¦ì¤£©ë¤@®æªº¸Ö¤H¡C¦o©¿µø¦¨³W¡A¿n²ßÃø§ï¡C¦pªG¤åªk¡B©ãÃý¡BÃý«ß¡B¤£ºÞ¤°»òªF¦è¡A¥u­n§«Ãª¦oªº«ä¸ô©M»¡¸Ü¦Û¥Ñ¡A¦o«K¤@·§´¬±ó¡C¦¹¥~¡A¦b¤À¸` (stanza division)»P±Æ¦æ(lne arrangement)¤è­±¡A¦o«Ü¥ô©Ê¡A¬°¤F­n¹F¨ìÅ岧©Î±j½Õªº®ÄªG¡A¦o¤£±¤¨Ä¹H¥¿¹D¡A¿W³Ð¤@®æ
¡C
                                         »y½Õ(Tone)  
­nÁA¸Ñ¦o¨ººØ»ª¦ü²³æ¹ê«h©â¶Hªº»y¨¥¡A§Ú­Ì¥²¶·¯S§Oª`·N»y½Õ¡A¥ç§Y¦oÅý§Ú­Ì²âÅ¥¦oÁ¿¸Ü©Îºq°ÛªºÁn­µ¡C¦³½ìªº¬O:¦oªº¸Ö¦³¤@¦Ê ¤­¤Q­º¬Ò¥H¡u§Ú¡v¦r¶}ÀY¡C¦Ó¡u§Ú¡v³o­Ó¥N¦Wµü¡A¥¿ÂI¥X¦oªº¥Í¥­¹ïªY½à¦oªº¸Öªº­«­n©Ê¡C¦oªº±¡·P´T«×»á¼s¡A´X¥i·§¬A¤HÃþ·P±¡ªº¥þ³¡ :¦³»P¥@µLª§ªÌ©ÒªíÅSªº¨ººØ·Å¬X¥B±o·Nªº¦Û«H¡A¤S¦³¨º¡u·s­^®æÄõ¦¡¡v©t¿W¦Ó³æ¯Âªº¦Û¨î;¦³»´·L¿Ø¨ë»P«ÕÀqªºªÀ·|¸Ö;¤]¦³­±¹ï¸o´c «Âµ´±æ¤§³V®É¡A¨ººØ§x´b©M®£Äß¡C
·Æ½]ªºµ§½Õ¥i¦b"i like to see it lap the miles"(J.565)³o ­º¸Ö¤¤§ä¨ì¡C¦b³o­º¸Ö¸Ì¡A¶H¼xª«½è¶i¨B®ÉÃeµM¤jª«(¤õ¨®)¬¡¹³ ­Ó®ü¤¤ªº¤j©Çª«¡C¦¹¸Ö¤¤ªº¸`¡A¤S¹³¥|­Óµe­±ªº¥d³qº©µe;µe¤¤ªº "iron horse"¶Æµø¤@¤Áªº¹£¹L·G»ù¤u¤Hªº¯}«Î¡C­ì¨Ó³o¨ãÃe¤jªº¾÷¨®¡A´N¬O³o¨Ç¤u¤H¦Û¤v³Ð³y¥X¨Óªº¡C¦Ó¤U­±³o´X¦æ¸Ö«h¦b¿Ø¨ë¤H¤§´÷ ±æÁ¿±¡·P¤Î¨üÆg½à¤§¤ßÅU¡C
I'm nobody! Who are you?
How public like a frog
To tell your name the livelong June
To an admiring bog!(J.%¤c
¦¹¥~¡A»y½Õ¸ûÄYµÂªº¸Ö¤]¤£¤Ö¡A§Ú­Ì«e­±¤w¸g°Q½×¹J¥Ñ¥¢±æ¦Óªq¨ì±e­Wªº¤ß¤¤·P¨ü¡C(°Ñ¬ÝJ.258¦Ê¤§°Q½×³¡¥÷¡C)°¡CA narrow fellow in the grass"(J.986>¤]¬O¤@­º¤£´M±`ªº¸Ö¡C¦¹¸Ü¤¤¡A¼Æ ºØ»y½Õ­Ý¦Ó¦³¤§¡C³D¾É¨Ï¸Ö¤¤¤H¦³ºØ½ÆÂøªº±¡ºü:¤S¤Íµ½¤S¼¨´c;¤S ¦nª±¤S®`©È;¤S°g´b¤S³ß®®¡C³oºØºØ·P¨ü¡A­YªG»{¯u¥hÅé·|¡A«K«K¤J·Q¨ì¥ì¨l¶é¤¤¸I¨£ªº¬r³D¡A¬J§N»Å¡A¤SÆF¬¡µ½ÅÜ¡A¬°¤@¨å«¬Å]°­¡C
µ²ºc(Structure)
¤j­P»¡¨Ó¡ADickinsonªº¸Ü¦bµ²ºc¤WÅܤƤ£¦h¡A¤]¤£¥X¦â¡CµM ¦Ó±qÀY¨ì§À¡A«e«á¤@­P¡A³vº¥µo®i¦¨¦o¿W¯S·s¿oªºªí²{ªk¡C¨eªº¸Ö®t¤£¦h³£¬O¥Î§í´­®æ(iambic)©Î§í®æ(trochee)¼g¦¨ªº¡A°¸º¸¤]¥Î´­§í®æ¡]dactyl¡^¨Ó¥N´À¡C¤j­P¨C¸`¤À¥|¦æ¡A¨C¦æ¦³¤K­Ó­µ¸`(¨ä¤¤¤]¦³¨Ò¥~¡A¹³"How happy is the little stone"(J.l510)´N¨S¦³¤À¸`¡A¤Q¦æ¦æ³Q¦L¦b¤@°_;¹³'¡CTo hear an oriole sing"(J.526) «h¨Ï¥Î¤T¦æ³s¥y;¤S¦p¡C¡CMy river runs to thee"¡]J.126)¥Î¹ï °¸¥y¼g¦¨)¡C
¸Ö¤¤¨Ï¥ÎªºÃý«ß(meters)®Ú¥»´N¬O¨ú§÷©ó¦o¥®¦~®É«K¼ô±xªº ­^°êÆgªÜ¸Ö¡C¦oªº¸Ü¦³³\¦h³£±a¦³¿@«pªº©v±Ð¦â±m¡A»á¯à©M¦o¥­®É²øÄY¤£­eªº­Ó©Ê¬Û°t¡C ±qÆg¬üºqÁn¾Ç¨Óªº§í´­®æ¡A³Ì¥D­nªº¦³´¶³qÃý«ß(Common Meter)¡AªøÃý«ß(Long Meter) ¡A»PµuÃý«ß(Short Meter)¡C«e ¨â¦æ¬°¤»­Ó­µ¸`¡A²Ä¤T¦æ¬°¤K­Ó­µ¸`¡A³o¼Ë§¹¦¨¥þ¸Öªº¡A§Y¬°µuÃý«ß¡]J.1078);¨C¦æ§¡¬°¤K­Ó­µ¸`ªº¡A§Y¬°ªøÃý«ß(J.1510);¨â¤»­Ó­µ¸`»P¤K­Ó­µ¸`ªº¸Ü¦æ¥æ´À¥X²{ªº¡A§Y¬°´¶³qÃý«ß(J.288;J¡O 465;J.712)¡C
³Ì°ò¥»ªº¥y«¬«K¬O´¶³q¸t¸ÖÃý«ß(Common Hymn Meter) ¡A¤U¦C´X­Ó¨Ò¤l«K¬O¦o¥¿¦b±Ð°ó¤¤Å¥¹L¦n´X¦Ê¹M¦Ó¬°¤j®a©Ò¼ô±xªº:
God moves in a mysterious way
His wonders to perform;
He plants his footsteps in the sea,
 
´N¹³¥ÁÁÁ(ballad)»Pµ£ÁÁ(Mother Goose Rhym)¤@¼Ë¡A ³oºØ§Î¦¡°l·¹¨ì¦¨¦Ê¦~«e¡A¬°¼Ð·Çªº­^°êÆg¬ü¸Ö¤§Ãý«ß¡C³oºØ«¬¦¡¯à µ¹¤H·s©_ªº·Pı¡A¦]¬°¹L¥h¤£´¿¦³¸Ö¤H¦n¦n§Q¥Î³oºØ§Î¦¡¨Ó¬°¸Ö¡C¦b Dick¤Rsonªº¤â¤¤¡A³oºØ³æ¯Âªº§Î¦¡Åܦ¨¤F¥©¤H¦Ó¦³¤Oªº¤u¨ã¡A¤£¬O¥Î¨Ó¬°¦³Ãö®a±Ð«H¥õªº³¯µÄÀݽաA¦Ó¬O¥Î¨Ó¬°·s©_½ÆÂøªº«ä·Q¡C³o ¤@ÂI¦b¡]I heard a fly buzz when I died" ¡]J465¡^¤¤ªí²{±o«D ±`²M·¡¡C¯÷±N¸Ó¸Ö§Û¿ý©ó¤U¡A
l heard a Fly buzz-when l died¢w
The Stillness in the Room
Was like the Stillness in the Air-
Between the Heaves of Storm-
The Eyes around¤@had Wrung them dry¤@
And Breaths were gathering firm
For that last Onset¤@when the King
Be witnessed¤@ln the Room-
I willed my Keepsakes-Signed away
What portion of me be
Assignable-and then it was
There interposed a Fly-
With Blue-uncertain stumbling Buzz
Between the light and me-
And then the Windows failed¤@and then
I could not see to see-
Æg¬ü¸Ö¬O¥Î¨ÓÅý¤H§u°Ûªº©v±Ð¸Ö¡CÁöµMDickinson¦³·N¿ï¥Î¡u¸Ö¡v¨Ó¬G¬°¦oªí²{©v±Ð«ä·Qªº´C¤¶¡A¦ý¬O¦oªº¸Ö©Ò¥Îªº­µ½Õ¡A¦³«Ü¦h¦a¤è¥O¤H¦³ºÃ´b©M²¨»·ªº·Pı¡C³o¤@ÂI¥i±q"Let Emily sing for you because she cannot pray" ³o¥y¸Ü¤¤¬Ý¥X¨Ó¡C³o¥y¸Ü¬O·í¦o ¤÷¿Ë¥h¥@¤§®É¡A¥X¦Û¦o¼gµ¹¨äªí©j©fLouise ©MFrance Norcross ¤@­º¼¢°Ý¸Ö¸Ì¡C
¦pªG§Ú­Ìª¾¹DEmily³ßÅw¹H­IÃÀ³N¤Wªº¦¨³W¡A³ßÅw²V ¶Ã¡A§Ú­Ì¤]´N¤£·|´Á±æ¦o¬°ªº¸Ö¡A³£¨Ì¦uÃý«ßªº³W«h¤F¦o±Ä¥Î³oºØÃý«ßªº¦P®É¡A¤]¦b±´°Q¨ä¥L¥i¯àªºÀ|¸Õ¡A ¿í·Ó³W«h¼g¸Ö¡C¦oªº¸Ö¡A¼u©Ê«Ü¤j¡A³o¤@ÂI¦b'I am nobody, who are you?"(J.288) ³o­º¸Ö¤¤¥i¥H¬Ý¥X¨Ó¡C³o­º¸ÖªºÀY¤@¦æ¥u¦³¤C¦ì ­µ¸`¡C­Y«D¦p¦¹¡A³o­º½Ð«K§¹¥þ²Å¦X8¤@6¤@8¤@6¤@8¤@6¤@8¤@6ªº®æ ¦¡¤F¡C¦A»¡¡A" I taste a liquor never brewed"(J.214)³o­º¸Ö ¡A°£¤F²Ä¤Q¤­¦æ¶È¦³¤C­Ó­µ¸`¥~¡A§¹¥þ²Å¦X¤W­zªº®æ¦¡¡C¥t¥~¡A¦b¡CBecauselcouMnotstopfordea¤î"(J.712)¡Ä¸Ö¤¤¡A¤]¦³¤£¦PªºÅܤơC³o­º¸Ö¥»¨Ó¬O¤@­º§¹¥þ²Å¦X8¤@6¤@8¤@6®æ¦¡ªº¤Ü¥|¦æ ¸Ö¡A¨ì¤F²Ä¥|¸`®É¡A®æ¦¡Åܦ¨6¤@8¤@6¤@8¡C¨äÃý«ß¦b«e­±´X¸`¤¤«Ü ¦³³W«ß¡A­µ¼Ö©Ê¬Û·í°ª¡A¥i¤Þµo§Ú­Ìťı¤Wªº¨g¼ö±¡ºü¡A¨Ã»¤´b§Ú­Ì ¥h´Á«Ý«á­±ªº­µ¸`¡C¥i¬O¬ðµM¶¡¡A¦b²Ä¤Q¤T¦æªº¦a¤è¡A§Ú­Ì¨g¼öªº±¡ºü¤¤¼R¤F¡C¦]¦Ó¨B¤J¦æµ{ªº¥t¤@¬q¡CÃý«ß¤W¸`©çªº«ùÄò°t¦XµÛ·N¸q¤W ªºÅܤơA®ðª^¤]ÀH¤§Åܱo§N»Å¤F¡C
¦o¥Î«Ü¦hªº§Þ¥©¨Ó§ïÅܸ֤¤ªº¸`©ç»P®ðª^¡C¦bI like to see  lap the miles"(J,585)¤¤¡A¦o§â­Ç³æªº¦r²´²VÂø¦b½ÆÂøªº¦h­µ¸` ¦r²´¤¤¡A (¨Ò¦p¡A°prodigious", supercilious, 'Boanerges' "omnipotent¡D")¦]¦¹¨R²H¤F¸Ö¤¤¥i¥H§u°Ûªº©Ê½è¡C¬JµM³t«×¬O³y¥y ªk¤¤ªº¤@­Ó³æ¦ì¡A¬°¤F«O«ù¬Y¤@³t«×¡A¦o¤@¤f®ð«K¥Î¤F¤K­Ó"and (¦³¤C­Ó¬O©ñ¦b¶}ÀY)©M¥|­Ó"them"¡C¦P¤@§Þ¥©¤]³Q¨Ï¥Î¦b"T¤ñ grass so little has to do"(J.333)¤¤¡A¤Ü¦æªº¸Ö¤¤¡A¤@¦@¥Î¤F ¤E­Ó"and"¨Ó¶}©l¡C¦b'T like to see it"¸Ì¡A¶}ÀYªº¤­­Ó³æ­µ¦r¤¤¶È¦³¤@­Ó­z»y(Predication)¡C³Ñ¤U¨Óªº¬O¤@³s¦êªº¤£©wµü¡A¨ÏµL ÂǤf¤§¦WªºªF¦è¡A¹³lap¤@lick, stop¤@step, peer¤@pare, crawl¤@ chase, neigh¤@stopµ¥¡AÅܦ¨¥Rº¡¥Í©R¤O¡C¤W­zªº¦r²´¡A°£¤F³Ì«á ªº¤@¹ï¡A¥þ³£©ãÀYÃý¡CÁöµM¦p¦¹¡A³Ì«áªº" stop"¤@¦r¤S¦^¨ì³Ì«e­±¦Ó §Î¦¨¤@©P¦Ó´_©lªº´`Àô¡C¦³«Ü¦h³sÄò¦æ¡A³Ì¯S§Oªº¬O«e¤@­Ó¸Ö¸`¤¤ªº ¸Ö¦æ¡A³s¨ì¤U¤@­Ó¸Ö¸`¤¤ªº¸Ö¦æ¡A¨ä¤¤¨S¦³¼ÐÂI("step/ Around a" ©M"pare/To fit its)¡A¦p¦¹¡A«e¤Q¤G¦æ§Y³sµ²¦b¤@°_¡C¤j¦³¤@Âm ¤d¨½¤§¶Õ¡A½¤s¶VÀ­¡A¤U¤sÂk®a¡C
"A narrow fellow in the grass,"(J.986)¤£¶È¥i¥H¥Î¨Ó»¡ ©ú(¥[³t)§Þ¥©("acceleration"device) (­ì½Z¤¤²Ä11¦æ¦Ü²Ä16 ¦æ¶¡¡A©Ò¦³¼ÐÂI²Å¸¹¥þ³£¬Ù²¤¡AµLºÃªº¡A¬O¥Î¨Ó±j½Õ³DÂ÷¥h®Éªº³t«×¡A¦P®É¤]»¡©ú¤F¡u¤ì°¨¡v§Þ¥©¡ywheel horse" device)³oºØ§Þ ¥©¬O§Q¥Îµ²§Àªº½°¦æ§â½ÐÂà¨ì·sªº¤è¦V¡CÁöµM³o­º¸Öªº­p¹º¶g¸Ô¡A¨Ã¥B±q¶}©l®É§Ú­Ì«K¹ï³D¦³¨âºØ¤£¦Pªº·P³V¡A¶}ÀY¬ù¤Ü¦æ¬Û·í½Õ¥Ö¡C¹³ ¦o½Í¨ì³D®É©Ò¥Îªº§Î®eµü"narrow fellow"»á¬°¤Íµ½¡A¦o­n§Ú­Ì¦b ¤Íµ½ªº®ðª^¤U¹ï³D²£¥ÍÁp·Q¡A¦]¬°¦oı±o¤j¦ÛµM¤¤ªº¤H­Ì(nature'¡A people)¹ï¦o«D±`¤Íµ½¡C¦ý¦bµ²§Àªº³Ì«á¤@¸`¤¤¡A¥Rº¡¼Ä·Nªº"but" ³o­Ó¦r¨Ï§Ú­Ì·P¨ì¨Ã¥B¸gÅç¨ì¤@ºØ¼Ä¹ïªº±¡ºü¡C³Ì«áªº¥|¦æµ²§ô¤F¥þ ¤å¡A§â»y½Õ¥[¤W³±·tªº¦â±m¡C¨ä«á¦AŪ³o­º¸Ö®É¡A§Ú­Ìı±o»Pªì¹J³o ±ø""narrow fellow"®É¤Ñ¯uªº·Qªk¤j¤£¬Û¦P¤F¡C³o­Ó¨Ò¤l¥¿¥i¥H»¡ ©ú³D¤§¦æ°Ê¡A¥H§À¤Ú±±¨î¥þ¨­¡C