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Shirley Anne  Jackson
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¥D­n¤åÃþ¡GNovella and Short story
¸ê®Æ´£¨ÑªÌ¡GKate Liu/¼B¬ö¶²;Ray Schulte/¿½²Ã¹p;Julia Hsieh/Á¨Øæ¢
ÃöÁä¦rµü¡Gmodern American short story writer;Introduction to Literature,1998

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1919-1965

Julia Hsieh Á¨Øæ¢

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Shirley Anne Jackson

1919-1965
Julia Hsieh Á¨Øæ¢
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 Early Background

 Her Works

 Her Reputation and Styles

 Last Years


 Early Background


A. Family

Jackson was born on December 14 th, 1919, to an affluent family in San Francisco, California . Her father Leslie Hardie Jackson ran a lithography company and her mother, Geraldine, a home-maker. Jackson spent her childhood mostly in Burlingame, California . Unlike her parents, Jackson did not find her life agreeable in an upper-class community. She abhorred the snobbishness and clandestine life of her class and believed that she had the psychic capacity to discern the viciousness in people. The production of her first novel was possibly aiming at the village people there in Burlingame .

B. Education


As Jackson turned teenager, the Jacksons moved to Rochester, New York, and she went to high school there in Rochester . Jackson started to be engaged in writing when she was still a child. She won awards for poetry back in her teens. When she graduated from high school, she continued her study in University of Rochester . Two years later, she dropped out of school due to severe mental distress and depression. When she was ready to return to school, she enrolled into Syracuse University and eventually received her BA in English. While there, Jackson met Stanley Edgar Hyman who was then a critic and editor for campus magazine Spectre, for which Jackson contributed her fine works and obtained high recognition in literary achievement.


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 Her works

A. Retreat from the City Jungle


Young Jackson threw herself into the job market as most university graduates, but found herself badly treated, trapped and tormented by dead-end working status. After working two different jobs, she decided to return to family. In 1940, Jackson married Hyman and they lived in a reclusive shack, without electricity or plumbing, in New Hampshire .

A year-long devotion in writing in the secluded woods rewarded Jackson twenty-five dollars with her first publication of short comic story "My Life with R. H. Macy" and her determination of making writing her life-long career. She thence formed a habit of writing at least a thousand words every day whenever she was sober and capable of writing. In the mid-forties, Jackson's stories mostly appeared in magazines. Her first son, Laurence was born in 1942, and after that, her daughter, Joanne Leslie in 1945. Before she gave birth to Joanne, Jackson and her family lived in New York . Then the family moved to Bennington, Vermont, in view of Hyman's new teaching position offered by Bennington College . Before he took the teaching position, Hyman was then an author, critic and the staff writer for The New Yorker . Jackson had once indicated that on first leaving New York, she had an anxiety of returning to the city every few months, and then the yearning for the city subsided as she grew to be accustomed to the undisturbed life in Vermont . Jackson's other two children, Sarah Geraldine and Barry Edgar were born in 1948 and 1950. By the time, she had certain recognition as not merely a writer, but a radio program writer and an active PTA participant for her children.

B. Atypical Hobbies


As a loving and devoted mother, Jackson was close to her family. In her biographical material, she disclosed her responsible attitude toward domestic chores and her faithful relationship with her children. A talented woman that developed diverse heed toward arts, Jackson also admitted her inquisitiveness in sorcery, and Hyman, her husband, has conveyed her particular absorption in witchcraft, black magic and supernatural issues. When she was in good condition, Jackson indulged herself in Ouija board and Tarot deck with her knowledge in witchery and magic. It is possibly this adjacent to the psychiatric study that helped her employ the setting and characterization in her stories and novels with discrete temperament.



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 Her reputation and styles

Years of serene life in Vermont somehow thrived Jackson's writings. Her first novel The Road through the Wall came out in 1948, with the setting in California . Many believed that Jackson was depicting the depraved upper-class community that she resented. In this novel, she focused on the bigotry and hypocrisy in human nature. "The Lottery" published on 26 th June the same year in New Yorker actually drew the public's attention on her. The publisher received mails and inquiries of consternation about the short story about the dark side in humanity evoked vile deeds of lynch mob in a normal American village. The year after, the short story was published along with other short stories as The Lottery; or, The Adventures of James Harris and it was well-reviewed, and Jackson was made instantly famous with her remarkable writings, short stories in particular, and yet perhaps infamous as well, with her portrayals of the vicious humanity underlying in people.

In 1950, Hangsaman came out, the setting of this novel is regarding a college girl striving through her traumatic past life and current dilemma of her imaginary world and the reality. Jackson dedicated this work to her children, and meanwhile, she continued to work on other short stories. Disregard her gruesome Gothic stories, Jackson also wrote family chronicles with extraordinary humorous tone of narration; Life among the Savages is one example.

The Bird's Nest, her next novel, is about schizophrenia and multiple identities of the character, which she demonstrated her engagement in psychological study. In 1958, The Sundial was published, and this time, Jackson dealt with a group of people convinced in Armageddon and interpreted the occult happenings around them as omens. The next novel, The Haunting of Hill House was slightly similar to the previous but different in the way that Jackson invented the socially unfit young heroine to be sacrificed while fighting against the evil power. The novel itself was a success and won the best fiction of the year by the renowned New York Times Book Reviews .

In 1961, Jackson's short story, "Louisa, Please Come home" won the Edgar Allan Poe Award. The following year, she finished writing We Have Always Lived in the Castle, her last novel. Jackson pulled in her effort of her study in psychology, occult study and social alienation into this novel that draws the reader's empathy toward the heroines: the Blackwood sisters. Critics regard her portraits of the two persecuted and desperate sisters a result of Jackson's intense concern for woman issues. Some deem her novels, including this last one, feminist novels in which the poor Blackwood sisters almost become victimized under the suppression of the scheming malignant villagers in an overwhelming encompassment of ambiguity and enigma.
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 Last years

Ever since her childhood, Jackson did not feel like fitting into her community. She married Hyman, a left-wing Jew, against her Protestant parents' expectation, and she had a reputation as a somber writer commenting on the decadence and depravity of humanity. This ruminative writer, however, suffered from depression and mental disintergration that disturbed her till later years. In addition to 18 th century literature, such as the classics of Jane Austen's works, her extensive knowledge toward necromancy, paranormality and supernatrualism helped her writing, but tore her apart in a way as well. With psychiatrist's treatment, Jackson's disturbed mental condition was improved only at her early forties, a few years before her death. She died on August 8 th, 1965, of a heart failure. Three years after Jackson deceased, Hyman collected, rearranged and published her last works some of which she had never thought of publishing.
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Reference


Hattenhauer, Darryl. "Shirley Jackson's American Gothic." New York : SUNY Press, 2003.

Hall, Joan Wylie. "Shirley Jackson." New York : Twayne, 1993.

"Shirley Jackson." Contemporary Authors . Contemporary Authors Online, Gale, 2003.

Sullivan, Jack. "Shirley Jackson." Supernatural Fiction Writers. Vol. 2 . The Scribner Writers Series. Charles Scribner's Sons: 1985. 1031-1036.

"Shirley Jackson." Contemporary Literary Cirticism .
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