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A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning
作者Author  /  John  Donne  約翰.唐恩

A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning

 
 
 
 

As virtuous men pass mildly away,

 

  And whisper to their souls to go,

 

Whilst some of their sad friends do say

 

  The breath goes now, and some say, No;

 
   
So let us melt, and make no noise, 5

  No tear-floods, nor sigh-tempests move,

 

‘Twere profanation of our joys

 

  To tell the laity our love.

 
   

Moving of th’ earth brings harms and fears,

 
Men reckon what it did and meant 10

But trepidation of the spheres,

 

  Though greater far, is innocent.

 
   

Dull sublunary lovers’ love

 

  (Whose soul is sense) cannot admit

 
Absence, because it doth remove 15

 Those things which elemented it.

 
   

But we by a love so much refined

 

  That our selves know not what it is,

 

Inter-assured of the mind,

 
Care less, eyes, lips, and hands to miss. 20
   

Our two souls therefore, which are one,

 

  Though I must go, endure not yet

 

A breach, but an expansion,

 

  Like gold to airy thinness beat.

 
   
If they be two, they are two so 25

  As stiff twin compasses are two

 

Thy soul, the fixed foot, makes no show

 

  To move, but doth, if th’ other do.

 
   

And though it in the center sit,

 

Yet when the other far doth roam, 

30

It leans and hearkens after it,

 

  And grows erect, as that comes home.

 
   

Such wilt thou be to me, who must

 

  Like th’ other foot, obliquely run;

 
Thy firmness makes my circle just, 35

  And makes me end where I begun.

 
 
 
   
 
 

標題

Valediction                             告別時(vale=farewell; diction=say),為一種常用的題

                                                 材,Donne共寫了四首:

                                                1. Of My Name, In the Window

                                                2. Of the Book

                                                3. Of Weeping

                                                4. Forbidding Mourning

Forbidding Mourning            禁哀,節哀。意謂:不要為他的遠遊而悲哀。

1

pass mildly away                   靜悄悄地逝世。

2

And…go                                輕聲招喚,促靈魂同去,靈與肉復歸於一,是人之最完滿的

                                                                結局。詩人把他和妻子的相愛以「死」時靈肉歸一來比喻。

5

melt                                         臨別前夫妻情感熾烈似火故能相熔。

6

No…move                              move=stir up落淚成災,嘆息成暴,這是一種

                                                                Petrarchianism誇張語,在另一首告別詩A Valediction of

                                                               Weeping17-18,26-27行有更詳細生動的描述。詩人央求妻

                                                               子在臨別依依時,勿啼哭,勿嘆息。

7

profanation                            此字原與宗教有關,意為「褻瀆聖物」,可引伸為:把值得

                                                               受人景仰之物弄污弄俗。Donne似乎有意把他們夫妻之愛喻

                                                              成一種極神秘且滲有宗教氣氛的東西。從另一字laity(俗人

                                                              教士之對)更可看出其含意來,在另一首告別詩Valediction:

                                                              Of the Book��,也有一類似的句子“We for love’s clergy only

                                                               are instruments”。

8

laity                                         俗人,外人,指不其夫妻真情的凡夫俗子。

9

moving of th’ earth               指地震,常為人帶來災害,令人心悸,不解其意。當時一般

                                                              人皆視地震為上帝之震怒。

11

trepidation                              當時有三種解釋:(一)激蕩(指人)(二)振蕩(指物)(三)天

                                                                文學用語,指第八(或第九)天體之擺動,是阿拉伯天文學

                                                                家Thabet ben Korrah為Ptolemy天動說附加的一項說明,用

                                                               以解釋特別是「歲差」這種天文現象。此天體之擺動,可波

                                                               及其他較小的天體但不致造成災害,故稱之為innocent

                                                            (=harmless)。

13

Sublunary lover’s love;       Sub=under, beneath. lunary=of moon中世紀宇宙論認為一

                                                               切生存在月下的東西都如潮水之受月亮影響,幻變無常。月

                                                                下情人們的愛情,指世俗無常的愛情。

14

Soul                                         本質。

admit                                       stand.

15,16

Absence…it                           前一個“it”指absence,後一個“it”,指soul意為,別離使其本  

                                                                質賴以形成的東西一掃而空。

20

Care…miss                             正常句法應為Care less, to miss eyes, lips, and hands.

21

Our…one                                詩人認為他和妻子兩人的靈魂可化而為一。這種將兩者化

                                                                合統一的意念是Donne思想中重要的一環。如靈與肉的結

                                                               合,靈與靈的化一,人與神的歸元等等都是Donne在詩中文

                                                                中常論及的題材。

22

endure                                     忍受。

Yet                                           nevertheless; however

23-24

but…beat                                夫妻的分離就如槌金成箔外延伸開展一般。指稱一盎司的

                                                                黃金槌成薄箔後可佔250平方英呎。Airy thinness字��行間

                                                                似暗指身輕似「氣」的天使,以示其愛之不凡。詩人似覺此

                                                                意象總不能盡情表達其心境,意猶未盡,故再另尋途逕,予

                                                                以詳述。

25-26

If…two                                    若為二,則如圓規的兩腳,各自獨立,卻又相互統一。

31

hearkens                                可能指耹聽時傾身向前的姿態。

32

that                                          指圓規的另一腳。

32

And…home                            指圓規用畢將兩腳合攏。別後的轉圓。

34

obliquely run                           指圓週上的那隻腳,沿著由線前進。

35

makes                                      亦有版本用“draws”按前後文draws字似不恰當,但卻較

                                                                 “makes”為生動活潑,且可免去與下行“makes”重複之弊,

                                                                 更可暗示妻子「吸引」丈夫的本領。

35-36

they…begun                          妳居圓心,穩若泰山,故我的圓周可畫得完滿無缺。詩人藉

                                                               圓之繪法向妻子解釋離別正如圓之一起點,他外出遊歷之

                                                               後,又將返回原地,所謂“In my end is my beginning”.

 
   
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