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¹Ï¤ù¨Ó·½¡Ghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Percy_Bysshe_Shelley
¥D­n¤åÃþ¡GPoem
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ÃöÁä¦rµü¡GIntroduction to Literature 1998/1999 English Literature 19th Century Romantic Period Romantic Poetry

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1792-1822

 

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Percy Bysshe Shelley

1792-1822

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 Early Life   

A.     Family Background   

B.     Education   

C.     Circle of Friends   

 Adulthood   

A.     Rebellious Spirit and Political Stance   

B.     Experimental Free Love   

 Abrupt End of Life   

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 Early Life
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Within the short twenty-nine years, Percy Bysshe Shelley left the world with numerous prestigious but controversial works which even nowadays evoke voices of extreme differences.

 

A.     Family Background

Born on August 4, 1792 in Horsham, Sussex, Shelley was the eldest among five children of Elizabeth and Sir Timothy Shelley.  Shelley’s first interest appeared to be in scientific realm, but after being acquainted with philosophy, he completely devoted himself to immense reading of philosophy and literature.  Sir Timothy Shelley encouraged and was proud of his son, and further introduced his son’s work to publishers.  

 

B.     Education

In 1802, Shelley attended Syon House Academy.  As a naughty and notorious ill-tempered child, Shelley was enlightened by Adam Walker, whom Shelley admired for the imagination concealed in his speeches.  From the age of twelve to eighteen, Shelley received education at Eton College.  There was one prominent figure who remained influential to Shelley throughout Shelley’s short life: the physician.  Dr. Lind’s learnedness and free spirits deeply shook Shelley.  On the point of leaving Eton College, Shelley had long been starting to write poems, and Victor and Cazire published some of his poems afterward in Original Poetry.  Later he attended University College, Oxford, in 1810.  It was one year after enrolling to Oxford that Shelley was kicked out of school because of his creation: Necessity of Atheism, which irritated the school authority.

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C.     Circle of Friends

1.      Hogg – Thomas Jefferson Hogg, a friend who later proved to be a life-long friend of Shelley and inspired him in writing Necessity of Atheism and other early poems.  Hogg and Shelley learned together and shared their mutual understanding in the realm of literature, and even collaborated to compose and publish poetry later.  Although the two young men enjoyed their life, living freely and joyously in Oxford and London, Hogg was forced to return to his father and studied law whereas Shelley remained in London. 

2.      Captain Pilfold – When facing the difficulty of financial shortage, Shelley turned to his uncle, Captain Pilfold, who aided him and persuaded Sir Timothy Shelley to continue his financial help of his son.

3.      Harriet Westbrook – In the days of being rejected by his own father, Shelley turned to his sisters for help.  Harriet Westbrook, a schoolmate of Shelley’s sisters, who initially was a correspondent of Shelley and her sisters, then fell in love with Shelley and eloped with him.  Bearing him two children, Westbrook dramatically drowned herself in 1816, after learning about Shelley’s elopement with Mary Godwin. 

4.      Leigh Hunt – A publisher, editor and critic who remained a faithful defender of Shelley throughout his life.  Hunt published a few of Shelley’s controversial poems and lyrics, and also introduced Keats to Shelley. 

5.      William Godwin – William Godwin’s Political Justice first caught Shelley’s attention and then the three daughters of Godwin household.  Despite Godwin’s influential work and opinions on politics for him, Shelley eloped with Mary, the daughter of William Godwin and Mary Wollstonecraft, a revolutionary woman figure and a writer.  Godwin became a financial burden to the Shelleys afterward. 

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 Adulthood 
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A.     Rebellious Spirit and Political Stance

Throughout his life, Shelley dedicated his poems to batter on aristocracy, monarchy and religious hypocrisy.  Though himself an heir of aristocracy, Shelley’s poems and lyrics were regarded a strand of liberated spirit of his time.  His political views were mostly derived from William Godwin’s influence.  His good friend, Leigh Hunt, had been imprisoned for a while.  A few years before the accident, Shelley contributed himself to the war of independence in Greece.  In his short lifetime, quite a few poems and lyrics first appeared in pamphlets propagandizing to the public about issues of free speech, equality in religions and etc.

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B.     Experimental Free Love

Shelley’s first love with his cousin, Harriet Grove, was suppressed by both households of Shelley and Grove.  Shelley eloped with Harriet Westbrook when he was nineteen, Harriet sixteen. Later in 1814, after encountering with Mary Wollstonecraft Godwin, he eloped with her shortly to Switzerland.  There was a time Shelley’s faithful friend concealed a secret admiration toward Mary, and once Shelley realized that, he convinced Mary to experience free love; only that Mary regretted and declined the idea later.  Claire Clairmont, daughter of Godwin’s second wife and her previous American lover, first started as an admirer of Shelley, accompanied him and Mary to Italy, and later became Lord Byron’s mistress.  Mary’s half sister, Fannie Imlay, also once an admirer of Shelley, committed suicide in the same year of 1816 when Harriot Westbrook committed suicide.  In Shelley’s friendship with Edward and Jane Williams, he cherished the precious relationship with both of them, but retained his adoration toward Jane Williams as platonic love.

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 Abrupt End of Life
¡@ Shelley strived to aid Hunt with his new magazine along with Lord Byron’s help at the time in Pisa, Itatly, in 1822.  In July 7, Shelley and Edward Williams sailing in the new boat, lost contact with Hunt in Leghorn, and their wives in Casa Magni.  In July 18, the two reappeared, only in the form of corpses.
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Reference

Coleman, Elliott.  Ed.  Poems of Byron, Keats, and Shelley.  The Programmed Classics, 1967.

Concise Dictionary of British Literary Biography, Vol. 3: Writers of the Romantic Period, 1789-1832.  Gale Research, 1992.

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